LiCoO2, discovered as a lithium‐ion intercalation material in 1980 by Prof. John B. Goodenough, is still the dominant cathode for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in the portable electronics market due ...to its high compacted density, high energy density, excellent cycle life and reliability. In order to satisfy the increasing energy demand of portable electronics such as smartphones and laptops, the upper cutoff voltage of LiCoO2‐based batteries has been continuously raised for achieving higher energy density. However, several detrimental issues including surface degradation, damages induced by destructive phase transitions, and inhomogeneous reactions could emerge as charging to a high voltage (>4.2 V vs Li/Li+), which leads to the rapid decay of capacity, efficiency, and cycle life. In this review, the history and recent advances of LiCoO2 are introduced, and a significant section is dedicated to the fundamental failure mechanisms of LiCoO2 at high voltages (>4.2 V vs Li/Li+). Meanwhile, the modification strategies and the development of LiCoO2‐based LIBs in industry are also discussed.
In this review, the history of LiCoO2's commercialization and the progress of LiCoO2 after commercialization are summarized. A significant section is dedicated to the fundamental failure mechanisms of LiCoO2 at high voltages (>4.2 V versus Li/Li+) and the corresponding modification strategies. Moreover, the history of LiCoO2‐based lithium ion batteries in industry is also presented.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Operation time of implantable electronic devices is largely constrained by the lifetime of batteries, which have to be replaced periodically by surgical procedures once exhausted, causing physical ...and mental suffering to patients and increasing healthcare costs. Besides the efficient scavenging of the mechanical energy of internal organs, this study proposes a self-powered, flexible, and one-stop implantable triboelectric active sensor (iTEAS) that can provide continuous monitoring of multiple physiological and pathological signs. As demonstrated in human-scale animals, the device can monitor heart rates, reaching an accuracy of ∼99%. Cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular premature contraction can be detected in real-time. Furthermore, a novel method of monitoring respiratory rates and phases is established by analyzing variations of the output peaks of the iTEAS. Blood pressure can be independently estimated and the velocity of blood flow calculated with the aid of a separate arterial pressure catheter. With the core–shell packaging strategy, monitoring functionality remains excellent during 72 h after closure of the chest. The in vivo biocompatibility of the device is examined after 2 weeks of implantation, proving suitability for practical use. As a multifunctional biomedical monitor that is exempt from needing an external power supply, the proposed iTEAS holds great potential in the future of the healthcare industry.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network is crucial for cellular information processing and decision-making. With suitable inputs, PPI networks drive the cells to diverse functional outcomes ...such as cell proliferation or cell death. Here, we characterize the structural controllability of a large directed human PPI network comprising 6,339 proteins and 34,813 interactions. This network allows us to classify proteins as “indispensable,” “neutral,” or “dispensable,” which correlates to increasing, no effect, or decreasing the number of driver nodes in the network upon removal of that protein. We find that 21% of the proteins in the PPI network are indispensable. Interestingly, these indispensable proteins are the primary targets of disease-causing mutations, human viruses, and drugs, suggesting that altering a network’s control property is critical for the transition between healthy and disease states. Furthermore, analyzing copy number alterations data from 1,547 cancer patients reveals that 56 genes that are frequently amplified or deleted in nine different cancers are indispensable. Among the 56 genes, 46 of them have not been previously associated with cancer. This suggests that controllability analysis is very useful in identifying novel disease genes and potential drug targets.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A highly effective hydroxylation reaction of aryl halides with water under synergistic organophotoredox and nickel catalysis is reported. The OH group of the resulting phenols originates from water, ...following deprotonation facilitated by an intramolecular base group on the ligand. Significantly, aryl bromides as well as less reactive aryl chlorides served as effective substrates to afford phenols with a wide range of functional groups. Without the need for a strong inorganic base or an expensive noble‐metal catalyst, this process can be applied to the efficient preparation of diverse phenols and enables the hydroxylation of multifunctional pharmaceutically relevant aryl halides.
Light and water for a healthy reaction: Synergistic organophotoredox and nickel catalysis enabled the effective hydroxylation of aryl halides with water (see scheme), whereby deprotonation to form the OH group was facilitated by a base group on the ligand. This process, which does not require a strong inorganic base or a noble‐metal catalyst, is suitable for the hydroxylation of multifunctional druglike aryl halides.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This article investigates the partial stabilization problem of probabilistic Boolean control networks (PBCNs) under sample-data state-feedback control (SDSFC) with a control Lyapunov function (CLF) ...approach. First, the probability structure matrix of the considered PBCN is represented by a Boolean matrix, based on which, a new algebraic form of the system is obtained. Second, we convert the partial stabilization problem of PBCNs into the global set stabilization one. Third, we define CLF and its structural matrix under SDSFC. It is found that the existence of a CLF is equivalent to that of SDSFC. Then, a necessary and sufficient condition is obtained for the existence of CLF under SDSFC, based on which, all possible sample-data state-feedback controllers and corresponding structural matrices of CLF are designed by two different methods. Finally, examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the obtained results.
Opinion statement
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have dramatically improved tumor response rates and survival benefits in advanced oncogenic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Given the ...impressive success, a renewed interest has been raised in the study of these agents in the perioperative setting. Preliminary data have shown dramatic effectiveness compared to conventional chemotherapy. Given the explicit need to induce durable responses and raise cure rates, we summarize the current progression, identify key challenges, and raise potential opportunities for perioperative targeted therapy that range from precise biomarkers to optimal adjuvant regimens for individual patients. As perioperative treatment indeed provides researchers with a unique platform to address the challenges mentioned above, investigators could obtain a comprehensive analysis of genomic profiling and trace resistance mechanisms. Multidisciplinary collaboration and adaptive clinical trial designs are warranted to integrate translational research into personalized perioperative TKI treatment paradigms.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
Snapshot compressive imaging (SCI) aims to capture the high-dimensional (usually 3D) images using a 2D sensor (detector) in a single snapshot. Though enjoying the advantages of low-bandwidth, ...low-power and low-cost, applying SCI to large-scale problems (HD or UHD videos) in our daily life is still challenging. The bottleneck lies in the reconstruction algorithms; they are either too slow (iterative optimization algorithms) or not flexible to the encoding process (deep learning based end-to-end networks). In this paper, we develop fast and flexible algorithms for SCI based on the plug-and-play (PnP) framework. In addition to the widely used PnP-ADMM method, we further propose the PnP-GAP (generalized alternating projection) algorithm with a lower computational workload and prove the {global convergence} of PnP-GAP under the SCI hardware constraints. By employing deep denoising priors, we first time show that PnP can recover a UHD color video (3840x1644x48 with PNSR above 30dB) from a snapshot 2D measurement. Extensive results on both simulation and real datasets verify the superiority of our proposed algorithm.
Sonodynamic therapy （SDT） is an emerging approach that involves a combination of low-intensity ultrasound and specialized chemical agents known as sonosensitizers. Ultrasound can penetrate deeply ...into tissues and can be focused into a small region of a tumor to activate a sonosensitizer which offers the possibility of non-invasively eradicating solid tumors in a site-directed manner. In this article, we critically reviewed the currently accepted mechanisms of sonodynamic action and summarized the classification of sonosensitizers. At the same time, the breath of evidence from SDT-based studies suggests that SDT is promising for cancer treatment.
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FFLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We assessed the influence of the Fukushima nuclear accident (FNA) on the Chinese public’s attitude and acceptance of nuclear power plants in China. Two surveys (before and after the FNA) were ...administered to separate subsamples of residents near the Tianwan nuclear power plant in Lianyungang, China. A structural equation model was constructed to describe the public acceptance of nuclear power and four risk perception factors: knowledge, perceived risk, benefit, and trust. Regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relationship between acceptance of nuclear power and the risk perception factors while controlling for demographic variables. Meanwhile, we assessed the median public acceptable frequencies for three levels of nuclear events. The FNA had a significant impact on risk perception of the Chinese public, especially on the factor of perceived risk, which increased from limited risk to great risk. Public acceptance of nuclear power decreased significantly after the FNA. The most sensitive groups include females, those not in public service, those with lower income, and those living close to the Tianwan nuclear power plant. Fifty percent of the survey respondents considered it acceptable to have a nuclear anomaly no more than once in 50 y. For nuclear incidents and serious incidents, the frequencies are once in 100 y and 150 y, respectively. The change in risk perception and acceptance may be attributed to the FNA. Decreased acceptance of nuclear power after the FNA among the Chinese public creates additional obstacles to further development of nuclear power in China and require effective communication strategies.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third‐most lethal cancer worldwide. Understanding the molecular pathogenesis of HCC recurrence and metastasis is the key to improve patients’ prognosis. In this ...study, we report that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor S (PTPRS) is significantly down‐regulated in nearly 80% of HCCs, and its expression negatively correlates with aggressive pathological features, such as larger tumor size and advanced stage. In addition, PTPRS deficiency is independently associated with shorter survival and increased recurrence in patients, although 16.7% of HCCs show intratumor heterogeneous expression of PTPRS. Restoration of wild‐type, but not mutant, PTPRS expression significantly inhibits HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro as well as lung metastasis in vivo, whereas knockdown of its expression significantly promotes invasion and metastasis. Notably, PTPRS‐regulated HCC invasiveness is accompanied by typical changes of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Moreover, PTPRS forms a complex with epithermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and regulates its tyrosine residues’ phosphorylation. Ectopic expression of EGFR reverses the metastasis‐inhibiting effects of PTPRS, whereas silencing of EGFR or inhibiting phosphorylation of key molecules in EGFR downstream pathways reinhibits EMT and metastasis caused by PTPRS down‐regulation. Meanwhile, promoter hypermethylation of PTPRS is frequently detected in HCC samples and cell lines. Treatment with a demethylation agent, 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine, recovers PTPRS expression in a dose‐dependent manner. Conclusions: Epigenetic inactivation of PTPRS may increase phosphorylation and activity of EGFR signaling to promote EMT and metastasis in HCC. (Hepatology 2015;62:1201‐1214)
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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