The exploration of highly efficient processes to convert renewable biomass to fuels and value-added chemicals is stimulated by the energy and environment problems. Herein, we describe an innovative ...route for the production of methylcyclopentadiene (MCPD) with cellulose, involving the transformation of cellulose into 3-methylcyclopent-2-enone (MCP) and subsequent selective hydrodeoxygenation to MCPD over a zinc-molybdenum oxide catalyst. The excellent performance of the zinc-molybdenum oxide catalyst is attributed to the formation of ZnMoO
species during the reduction of ZnMoO
. Experiments reveal that preferential interaction of ZnMoO
sites with the C=O bond instead of C=C bond in vapor-phase hydrodeoxygenation of MCP leads to highly selective formations of MCPD (with a carbon yield of 70%).
This review aims to summarize the recent advances and progress of plasmonic biosensors based on patterned plasmonic nanostructure arrays that are integrated with microfluidic chips for various ...biomedical detection applications. The plasmonic biosensors have made rapid progress in miniaturization sensors with greatly enhanced performance through the continuous advances in plasmon resonance techniques such as surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and localized SPR (LSPR)-based refractive index sensing, SPR imaging (SPRi), and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Meanwhile, microfluidic integration promotes multiplexing opportunities for the plasmonic biosensors in the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. Particularly, different types of microfluidic-integrated plasmonic biosensor systems based on versatile patterned plasmonic nanostructured arrays were reviewed comprehensively, including their methods and relevant typical works. The microfluidics-based plasmonic biosensors provide a high-throughput platform for the biochemical molecular analysis with the advantages such as ultra-high sensitivity, label-free, and real time performance; thus, they continue to benefit the existing and emerging applications of biomedical studies, chemical analyses, and point-of-care diagnostics.
A novel flame retardant phosphorus-containing organozinc complex (Zn-PDH) was prepared using zinc and iron as the metal center and 4-aminopyridine, with low steric hindrance, as the organic ligand, ...then using phosphazene to modify the organometallic complex (Zn-4APD). The flame retardant properties and mechanism of Zn-PDH/Tris-(3-DOPO-1-propyl)-triazinetrione (TAD) in epoxy resin (EP) were investigated. Flame inhibition behavior was studied by the vertical combustion test (UL94), while limiting oxygen index (LOI) measurement and flame retardant properties were studied by the cone calorimeter test (CONE). The flame retardant modes of action were explored by using the thermogravimetry-Fourier transform infrared (TG-FTIR) test, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy (LRS). When TAD and Zn-PDH were added to the epoxy resin in the ratio of 3:1, the system achieved a balance between the gas-phase and condense-phase actions of the flame retardant effects, and the 3%TAD/1%Zn-PDH/EP composite system achieved not only good flame inhibition but also obtained good smoke and heat suppression performance, showing a comprehensive flame retardant performance. The gas phase and Zn-PDH mostly promoted charring with a barrier and protective effect in the condensed phase. As for the mechanism, TAD released the phosphorus-containing radicals and phenoxy radicals during decomposition and mainly exerted a gas-phase quenching effect. While in the condense phase, Zn-PDH promoted the decomposition of the polymer matrix to produce more aromatic structures and rapidly formed a complete and dense carbon layer rich in P-O-C crosslinked structures at high temperatures. Meanwhile, more N entered the gas phase in the form of inert gas, which diluted the concentration of the combustible fuel and helped to inhibit the combustion reaction.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
Recent advances in MXene (Ti
3
C
2
T
x
) fibers, prepared from electrically conductive and mechanically strong MXene nanosheets, address the increasing demand of emerging yet promising ...electrode materials for the development of textile-based devices and beyond. However, to reveal the full potential of MXene fibers, reaching a balance between electrical conductivity and mechanical property is still the fundamental challenge, mainly due to the difficulties to further compact the loose MXene nanosheets. In this work, we demonstrate a continuous and controllable route to fabricate ultra-compact MXene fibers with an in-situ generated protective layer via the synergy of interfacial interactions and thermal drawing-induced stresses. The resulting ultra-compact MXene fibers with high orientation and low porosity exhibit not only excellent tensile strength and ultra-high toughness, but also high electrical conductivity. Then, we construct meter-scale MXene textiles using these ultra-compact fibers to achieve high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding and personal thermal management, accompanied by the high mechanical durability and stability even after multiple washing cycles. The demonstrated generic strategy can be applied to a broad range of nanostructured materials to construct functional fibers for large-scale applications in both space and daily lives.
China's rapid urbanization and high traffic accident frequency have received many researchers' attention. It is important to reveal how urban infrastructures and other risk factors affects the ...traffic accident frequency. A growing amount of research has examined the local risk factors impact on traffic accident frequency at certain time. Some studies considered these spatial influences but overlooked the temporal correlation/heterogeneity of traffic accidents and related risk factors. This study explores risk factors' influence on urban traffic accidents frequency while considering both the spatial and temporal correlation/heterogeneity of traffic accidents. The study area is split into 100 equally sized rectangle traffic analysis zones (TAZs), and the urban traffic accident frequency and attributes in each TAZ are extracted. The linear regression model, spatial lag model (SLM), spatial error model (SEM) and time-fixed effects error model (T-FEEM) are established and compared respectively. The proposed methodologies are illustrated using ten-month traffic accident data from the urban area of Guiyang City, China. The results reveal that the time-fixed effects error model, which considers both spatial and temporal correlation/heterogeneity of traffic accidents, is superior to other models. More traffic accidents will happen in those TAZs that have more hospitals or schools. Moreover, hospitals have a greater influence on traffic accidents than schools. Because of the location in the margin of the city, those TAZs that have passenger stations have more traffic accidents. This study provides policy makers with more detailed characterization about the impact of related risk factors on traffic accident frequencies, and it is suggested that not only the spatial correlation/heterogeneity but also the temporal correlation/heterogeneity should be taken into account in guiding traffic accident control of urban area.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Nowadays, the main deficiency in boosting the commercialization of sodium ion battery is the relatively low energy density. Herein, we propose a new way to significantly improve the energy density by ...constructing low negative/positive (N/P) ratio sodium-based batteries enabled by reversible Na metal electrodeposition on sodiophilic zinc-metal-decorated hard carbons (HC–Zn) anode. HC-Zn is used as a typical insertion anode, and simultaneously as a substrate for Na metal plating, leading to the formation of a composite NaxC-Na metal anode with a hybrid energy storage process. We also provide a general and low-cost method of Zn metal coating on various hard carbons. The compatibility between Zn and Na metal is firstly revealed by molecular dynamics simulations. As a result, HC-Zn electrode exhibits a highly reversibility even at a high-capacity of 1100 mA h g−1 and 5C rate, which can stably cycle 1400 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency around 100%. Finally, the full cells of HC-Zn anode coupling with sodium vanadyl phosphate cathode with low NP ratio (NP = 0.8 and 0.6) are constructed which display good cycling stability and remarkably improved energy density from 220 Wh/kg of regular NP 1.1 to 286 Wh/kg.
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•Reversible Na metal electrodeposition on HC-Zn is firstly proposed.•High-capacity NaxC-Na metal anode is achieved by insertion/plating storage process.•HC-Zn electrode exhibits good cycling stability under a capacity of 1100 mA h g−1.•AIMD simulations demonstrate a miscible Na–Zn layer to regulate the Na deposition.•Full cells with low NP ratios and improved energy density were constructed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Angiogenesis and osteogenesis have been considered as inseparable and critical processes for bone formation and fracture healing. One promising strategy to improve the capability of angiogenesis and ...osteogenesis on a titanium (Ti) surface involves the fabrication of stable multifunctional release interfaces. This study developed a combined sequential bio-interfacial release system with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) using a polydopamine (PDA) coating on the Ti surface to enhance angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Their surfaces were characterized and their biological properties were evaluated to provide sufficient supporting evidence for successfully fabricating the combined release system. The novel bio-interface demonstrated a significant improvement in surface hydrophilicity; highly effective growth factor adsorption; and moderate, sustained release on the surface of modified Ti substrates. Furthermore, this system surpassingly promoted the initial proliferation, migration and late angiogenic and osteogenic differentiation of HUVECs and MC3T3-E1 in vitro while also augmenting the osseointegration between the implant surface and the surrounding host tissues in vivo. All these results suggest that the fabrication of this novel bio-interface is a practical modification strategy for Ti implants to stimulate angiogenesis and osteogenesis and further optimize its clinical performance.
In order to overcome the biological inertness and lack of bioinductivity, we fabricated a novel combined sequential bio-interfacial release system with bFGF and BMP-2 via polydopamine coating on the Ti surface. This biological surface modification exhibited excellent biochemical properties and dual functions on angiogenesis and osteogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. Display omitted
•We proposed a novel functional bio-interface, which facilitates the biocompatibility of titanium substrates.•We immobilized bFGF and BMP-2 via PDA, as a sustained release system, which notably improved angiogenesis and osteogenesis.•This bio-interface exhibited excellent multi-functions on initial proliferation, migration and late differentiation in vitro.•The osseointegration between the implant surface and the surrounding host tissues in vivo was also significantly enhanced.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurological and developmental disorder and its early diagnosis is a challenging task. The dynamic brain network (DBN) offers a wealth of information for the ...diagnosis and treatment of ASD. Mining the spatio-temporal characteristics of DBN is critical for finding dynamic communication across brain regions and, ultimately, identifying the ASD diagnostic biomarker. We proposed the dgEmbed-KNN and the Aggregation-SVM diagnostic models, which use the spatio-temporal information from DBN and interactive information among brain regions represented by dynamic graph embedding. The classification accuracies show that dgEmbed-KNN model performs slightly better than traditional machine learning and deep learning methods, while the Aggregation-SVM model has a very good capacity to diagnose ASD using aggregation brain network connections as features. We discovered over- and under-connections in ASD at the level of dynamic connections, involving brain regions of the postcentral gyrus, the insula, the cerebellum, the caudate nucleus, and the temporal pole. We also found abnormal dynamic interactions associated with ASD within/between the functional subnetworks, including default mode network, visual network, auditory network and saliency network. These can provide potential DBN biomarkers for ASD identification.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Highly efficient and low-cost electrocatalyst is much desirable for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) to enhance the water splitting efficiency. In this work, a self-supported nanoporous Ni
0.85
Se/rGO ...was electrodeposited on NF and used as OER catalyst. The synthesized Ni
0.85
Se/rGO exhibits a low overpotential of 280 mV to afford 100 mA cm
−2
, a small Tafel slope of 40.2 mV dec
−1
, and a high stability with nearly negligible potential fluctuation at a large current density of 100 mA cm
−2
during 24-h long-term test, which is at the top level among recently reported OER electrocatalyst. The mechanism reason for the outstanding stability of Ni
0.85
Se/rGO was revealed. It is mainly attributed to its well-maintained nanoporous structure, larger ECSA, high electrical conductivity, and most importantly its superaerophobic surface.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In recent years, in order to promote animal growth and reduce the risk of disease, a variety of antibiotics are frequently added to the animal feed of livestock and poultry. However, these ...antibiotics can not be fully digested by animals and most of them are excreted with feces, consequently causing the enrichment of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and huge environmental risks. Nowadays, composting is a better option to solve these problems. Accordingly, this study explored the effects of co-composting swine manure with different inoculants dominated by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (p), Aspergillus niger (a), and Bacillus licheniformis (b) on the simultaneous removal of multiple antibiotics and resistance genes and evolution of the bacterial community. The results showed that the highest removal extent of tetracycline and oxytetracycline occurred in pile D (p:b:a=1:5:5, biomass) reaching 89.2% and 87.8%, respectively, while the highest removal extent of doxycycline and enrofloxacin occurred in pile A (p:b:a=1:0:0, biomass) reaching 98.6% and 89%, respectively. Compared with the levels in pile B (control check), in pile D, ARGs, except those for sulfonamides, decreased by 1.059 × 10−3–6.68 × 10−2 gene copies/16S rRNA copies. Inoculation with p alone effectively reduced intI1 and intI2. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) that microbial community structure evolution had a greater influence on ARGs than environmental factors. In summary, this study provided a feasible way to efficiently remove the antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in pig manure.
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•Microbial agents altered dominant bacteria in the compost.•Microbial agents reduced the relative abundance (41.4–55.7%) of ARGs.•The removal rate of antibiotics was improved by microbial agents (87.8–98.6%).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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