This review made a critical attempt to examine the studies on the role of English as a foreign language (EFL) learners' academic motivation and growth mindsets in their grit. Some investigations have ...been done on the role of academic motivation in learner grit. However, a significant positive correlation between academic motivation and grit has been approved in related studies. The related literature review justified the results by broaden-and-build and expectancy-value theories. The related literature has shown that grittier learners persist in doing tasks, and developing their intrinsic motivation. Furthermore, the related literature has approved the effect of learners' language mindset on their grit. In other words, learners with a growth mindset are persistent, and they devote their time to their performance. Finally, the pedagogical implications are expanded to promote the quality of language learning. This review also provides some suggestions for further research to illuminate our perspectives over motivation, mindset, and their interactions with each other.
Failure of a prior business provides an opportunity for an entrepreneur to learn in the subsequent entrepreneurial endeavor, but learning from failure is not guaranteed. Why do some entrepreneurs ...learn less from failure than others? In this study, we propose that a narcissistic personality can create cognitive and motivational obstacles to learning. We further posit that the inhibiting effect of narcissism will be more salient when the costs of failure, especially social costs, are higher. Our analysis with a survey sample of startups provides the initial empirical evidence about the negative impact of narcissism on learning from entrepreneurial failure. The study adds to research on learning from failure and narcissism in entrepreneurship.
•We extend the entrepreneurial learning literature by moving the focus from the emotional and cognitive obstacles of learning to the motivational impediments to learning. Specifically, by drawing on the motivational element of the narcissism concept, our study shifts attention from when entrepreneurs learn more effectively to when entrepreneurs are less willing to learn.•Research suggests that narcissism may influence entrepreneurial orientation, intention, opportunity recognition and exploitation, and firm performance. Yet, how narcissism impacts learning has largely been assumed. This study offers a systematic analysis of how narcissism impedes learning, by conceptually elaborating on the cognitive and motivational obstacles for narcissistic entrepreneurs to learn from failure.•We introduce failure cost as a boundary condition to highlight when narcissists are less motivated to learn. Prior research has primarily examined how positive social cues may motivate narcissists to take bold, positive actions. What is less understood is how negative social cues influence narcissists’ behavior. Our study offers the insight that perceived social costs of failure will reduce narcissists’ reported learning.•There are plenty of theoretical discussions on learning from failure but few empirical analyses. Our study provides the initial empirical evidence about the negative impact of narcissism on learning from failure. Further, empirical studies on narcissism and entrepreneurship have primarily focused on CEOs or students. Our research represents one of the first that empirically studies narcissism of real world entrepreneurs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
With the increase of social development and international communication, more and more Chinese candidates take IELTS test as the basis of study and work. IELTS is more difficult than national CET-4 ...and CET-6, listening and reading are the process of students “entering” language, they accept it passively; words, writing and translation are students”’ exit “language process, which lays the foundation for” writing “. Writing is a second language and one of the main indicators of students’ ability to use English. It is not only an important way to communicate ideas, emotional expressions and cultural exchanges, but also reflects the language ability, communication ability and thinking level of English. Therefore, English writing ability is an important index of students’ English professional ability and an important aspect of students’ English professional training. This study identified the following research tasks: according to the established measurement and evaluation indicators, the students’ writing ability was evaluated and the students’ writing ability was evaluated.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
COVID-19 leads small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to survive very hard. The development difficulties of SMEs lead to weak employment and GDP growth in various countries. In the process of ...COVID-19's continuous spread, what is the major reason for the difficulties of SMEs? This paper hopes to answer this question by studying SMEs in Beijing. On this basis, this paper uses structural equation model (SEM) to study the relatively fast recovery of SMEs in Beijing, China, to explore the factors affecting SMEs in the pandemic. After detailed desk research and interviews with relevant entrepreneurs, this paper collects 234 valid questionnaires from SMEs in various industries in Beijing with the help of Federation of Industry and Commerce and Chamber of Commerce in Beijing. Then the data is analyzed with the SEM, which shows the relationship between cash flow from financing activities, markets, employees, costs, government policies and the impact of the pandemic. Finally, an impact model of the pandemic on SMEs is established. The result of the model indicates that the direct effect of the pandemic on the market is the most prominent, and government policies can significantly reduce the negative impact of the pandemic on SMEs indirectly. Based on this, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions, such as the targeted issuance of consumption vouchers and the reduction of administrative barriers. This will enable megacities in various countries to improve policy support for SMEs and promote the recovery and development of SMEs.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Emotion regulation (ER) has emerged as a significant factor influencing the well-being of individuals with high sensory processing sensitivity (SPS). However, the interaction between SPS and the ...underlying mechanisms of ER remains largely unexplored.
This study aimed to (a) identify profiles of SPS and ER competency using a latent profile analysis (LPA), and (b) investigate the ER goals and strategy use among each profile to better understand ER patterns in highly sensitive individuals with lower ER proficiency.
A total of 813 Chinese college students (mean age = 21.53 ± 2.48; 74.41% female) completed the Highly Sensitive Person Scale, 16-item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, Emotion Regulation Goals Scale, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the rumination subscale from the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire.
The LPA identified three profiles: "Low SPS - High ER Competency" (41%), "Moderate SPS - ER Competency" (41%), and "High SPS - Low ER Competency" (18%). ER goals varied significantly among these groups. The "High SPS - Low ER Competency" group predominantly pursued contra-hedonic goals and impression management goals, while the "Low SPS - High ER Competency" group focused on pro-hedonic goals. In terms of strategies, the "Low SPS - High ER Competency" group mainly used cognitive reappraisal, the "Moderate SPS - ER Competency" group leaned towards suppression, and the "High SPS - Low ER Competency" group preferred rumination and suppression.
These findings indicate that higher SPS combined with lower ER proficiency is linked to an increased pursuit of contra-hedonic goals and impression management goals, and a reliance on response-focused strategies. This pattern offers new insights for developing psychological support strategies for highly sensitive individuals experiencing mental distress.
Cystic fibrosis is a hereditary disease caused by mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, which controls CFTR proteins. Many are or have been threatened by this ...rare but life-threating disease, therefore, more attention should be paid to better solve this public health issue. Here we provide a thorough review about cystic fibrosis in the aspects of disease pathogenesis, clinical manifestation as well as clinical therapeutics to achieve a deeper understanding of this disease. Among the demand of innovative clinical strategies, appearance of the combination drug trikafta is a promising sign of better dealing with cystic fibrosis.
In the wake of 18
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CPC Central Committees' reforms on "social governance," this paper will explore subsequent developments in local governance in China. This is an appropriate focus ...because earlier research has largely tended to overlook the different ways that local governments behave in balancing the requirements of upper-level, national government with the needs and will of society. By using interviews and participant observation to examine the case of Xicheng District Beijing, this paper finds that, when local government faces pressure from central government, it tends to downplay consideration of the people's voice and instead it uses monetary compensation to appease people's anger at not being listened to. However, when local government is afforded more freedom, it is more likely to try and address people's needs and demands and reconcile these with central government's plan, so as to balance the needs of the two. The analysis of the post-2012 reforms identifies three Project Types to illustrate different approaches to local governance. Owing to government's dominant role, Types One and Two are more akin to what empowerment theory dubs "collaborative betterment." In contrast, Type Three projects give local communities far greater say in determining policy priorities and implementation methods. For this reason, they broadly resonate with the notion of "collaborative empowerment," although ultimately government remains a veto-player. A further key finding is that local governance is not only shaped by the central government's plan, nor the demands of society, but to a significant degree, by the mediating role of local government officials.
Considerable efforts have been exerted to understand the formation and properties of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in sodium ion batteries. However, the puzzling existence and role of SEI ...behind the huge volume changes of the graphite electrodes need to be answered. Herein, the reason of how ether‐derived SEI maintains excellent reversibility despite the huge volume changes during cycling is unraveled. Theoretical simulations and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrate the formation mechanism of an SEI between the graphite anode and electrolyte. Furthermore, the high mechanical tolerance of the ether‐derived SEI is confirmed in atomic force microscopy. A depth profile of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy points to a multilayer structure of the ether‐derived SEI. The outer layer comprises organics (sodium alkoxide), while the inorganics (Na2CO3, NaF) in interior region are mixed with some organics. Notably, the presence of organics ensures the adaptability of the SEI to the volume expansion of graphite during cycling, and the concentrated distribution of inorganics improves the Young's modulus (resistance to deformation). Therefore, the graphite anode exhibits high cycle stability (96.6% capacity retention ratio at 1 A g–1 over 860 cycles) and efficiency (≈99.5%).
In this study, the ether‐derived SEI on the graphite surface shows fast kinetics and excellent mechanical properties. The special properties are attributed to the multilayer structure of the ether‐derived SEI that comprised a primary inorganics interior and an organics exterior. The multilayer structure not only guarantees the stability of the SEI but also enhances the adaptability to high volume changes.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
•Propose a prediction method for predicting the dissolved oxygen in pond culture.•Improve the clustering similarity calculation method according to the characteristics of dissolved oxygen time ...series.•Design a sample set processing method for flexible selection of predictive variables and predictive time.•Improve the accuracy of prediction in different time.
Dissolved oxygen in water is an important ecological factor in ensuring the healthy growth of aquatic products, as hypoxic stress is known to restrict the growth of aquatic products. The accurate monitoring and prediction of dissolved oxygen is the key to precise regulation and control of pond aquaculture water quality. The current dissolved oxygen prediction model has some limitations, such as a short prediction period and inadequate prediction accuracy for actual production demands. Therefore, a prediction model of dissolved oxygen in pond culture was proposed based on K-means clustering and Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) neural network. Firstly, the key factors affecting the changes in dissolved oxygen were selected by principal component analysis (PCA). The dissolved oxygen time series was then subjected to K-means clustering, and the dissolved oxygen prediction model was constructed using GRU. To improve the clustering effect, we enhanced the similarity calculation for the time series based on the variation of dissolved oxygen. This process combined the Euclidean distance with the dynamic time-warping distance. The proposed method can predict the dissolved oxygen content of aquaculture water over different time intervals according to the demands of real-world scenarios. The average absolute error of the 30-min interval model was 0.264, and the mean absolute percentage error was 3.5 %. Experimental results indicated that the proposed method achieves higher prediction accuracy and flexibility than the conventional approach.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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