Considerable efforts have been made to obtain better control of the switching behavior of resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices, such as using modified or multilayer switching materials. ...Although considerable progress has been made, the reliability and stability of the devices greatly deteriorate due to dispersed electric field caused by low permittivity surrounding materials. By introducing surrounding materials with a relatively higher dielectric constant, the RRAM devices become promising for cost-effective applications by achieving multilevel storage functionality and improved scalability. A device designed by this principle exhibits multiple distinct and non-volatile conductance states. Moreover, the issue of the increasing forming voltage during device scaling is also solved, improving the capacity of the chips and reducing the power dissipation in the process of the device miniaturization. The COMSOL simulation helps to reveal that the enhanced performance is correlated with a more concentrated electric field around the conductive filament, which is favorable for controlling the connection and rupture of the resistive filament.
This work investigated the influence of surrounding material on RRAM and offered a strategy to achieve multilevel storage functionality with superior scalability and stability, suggesting its potential to be applied in neuromorphic computing area.
Pyroptosis is a form of pro-inflammatory cell death that can be mediated by gasdermin D (GSDMD) activation induced by inflammatory caspases such as caspase-1. Emerging evidence suggests that ...targeting GSDMD activation or pyroptosis may facilitate the reduction of vascular inflammation and atherosclerotic lesion development. The current study investigated the therapeutic effects of inhibition of GSDMD activation by the novel GSDMD inhibitor N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-Leu-Leu-Ser-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (Z-LLSD-FMK), the specific caspase-1 inhibitor N-Benzyloxycarbonyl-Tyr-Val-Ala-Asp(OMe)-fluoromethylketone (Z-YVAD-FMK), and a combination of both on atherosclerosis in ApoE
−/−
mice fed a western diet at 5 weeks of age, and further determined the efficacy of these polypeptide inhibitors in bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs).
In vivo
studies there was plaque formation, GSDMD activation, and caspase-1 activation in aortas, which increased gradually from 6 to 18 weeks of age, and increased markedly at 14 and 18 weeks of age. ApoE
−/−
mice were administered Z-LLSD-FMK (200 µg/day), Z-YVAD-FMK (200 µg/day), a combination of both, or vehicle control intraperitoneally from 14 to 18 weeks of age. Treatment significantly reduced lesion formation, macrophage infiltration in lesions, protein levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and pyroptosis-related proteins such as activated caspase-1, activated GSDMD, cleaved interleukin(IL)-1β, and high mobility group box 1 in aortas. No overt differences in plasma lipid contents were detected.
In vitro
treatment with these polypeptide inhibitors dramatically decreased the percentage of propidium iodide-positive BMDMs, the release of lactate dehydrogenase and IL-1β, and protein levels of pyroptosis-related proteins both in supernatants and cell lysates elevated by lipopolysaccharide + nigericin. Notably however, there were no significant differences in the above-mentioned results between the Z-LLSD-FMK group and the Z-YVAD-FMK group, and the combination of both did not yield enhanced effects. These findings indicate that suppression of GSDMD activation by Z-LLSD-FMK or Z-YVAD-FMK reduces vascular inflammation and lesion development in ApoE
−/−
mice.
We have previously investigated the automatic current compliance property for indium tin oxide (ITO) resistance random access memory (RRAM). Traditionally, for the purpose of protecting RRAM, it is ...necessary to set equipment current compliance during the set and forming processes of RRAM devices. ITO RRAM devices, however, have an intrinsic capability to limit their current. This letter examines this ITO RRAM current compliance in depth by applying a varied stop-voltage measurement method, where different negative stop voltages were adopted to manipulate oxygen ions. Combined with material analysis and conduction current fitting, a model was established.
Traditionally, a large number of silicon oxide materials are extensively used as various dielectrics for semiconductor industries. In general, silicon oxide cannot be used as resistance random access ...memory (RRAM) due to its insulating electrical properties. In this letter, we have successfully produced resistive switching and forming-free behaviors by zinc doped into silicon oxide. The current-voltage fitting data show that current transport mechanism is governed by Poole-Frenkel behavior in high-resistance state and Ohm's law in low-resistance state, consisting with filament theory. Additionally, good endurance and retention reliabilities are exhibited in the zinc-doped silicon oxide RRAM.
In this letter, we successfully produced resistive switching behaviors by nickel doped into silicon oxide at room temperature. The nickel element was doped into silicon oxide, which is a useful ...dielectric material in integrated circuit (IC) industries by cosputtering technology. Based on the proposed method, satisfactory reliability of the resistance switching device can be demonstrated by endurance and retention evaluation. We believe that the silicon oxide doped with nickel at room temperature is a promising method for resistive random access memory nonvolatile memory applications due to its compatibility with the IC processes.
Although periodic blood shortages are widespread in major Chinese cities, approximately 1 x 10(5) U of whole blood are discarded yearly because of under-collection. To reduce the wastage of acid ...citrate dextrose solution B (ACD-B) anticoagulated under-collected whole blood (UC-WB), this study was performed to elucidate the effect of extracellular pH and holding time on erythrocyte quality. Mannitol-adenine-phosphate (MAP) erythrocyte concentrates (UC-RBCs) were prepared with UC-WB to assess the safety and efficacy of this component.
The effect of the different extracellular pH levels and storage times on erythrocytes was assessed by fluorescent probes, SDS-PAGE electrophoresis, electron microscopy and spectroscopy. In vitro properties of 34 UC-RBCs that were prepared with UC-WB at different times after collection were analyzed and compared to normal RBCs during 35 days of storage. The results of transfusion with UC-RBCs and the incidence of adverse reactions in 49 patients were determined.
1) Low extracellular pH levels and long storage time induced increases in RBC fluorescence polarization and mean microviscosity, changes in membrane fluidity, band 1, 2 and 3 protein expression, and erythrocyte morphology. 2) During storage for 35 days, difference in between-subjects effects of K+, hemolysis and supernatant erythrocyte membrane protein (EMP) were statistically significant (P = 0.041, 0.007 and 0.002, respectively), while the differences between these parameters in the 4 h group and comparable controls were less significant. 3) Clinical data from 49 patients confirmed that transfusions with UC-RBCs were satisfactory with no adverse reactions.
These results suggest that it is feasible to prepare RBCs with ACD-B anticoagulated UC-WB at a minimum of 66% volume of the labeled collection. It was effective and safe to transfuse the UC-RBCs prepared within 4 h after collection and stored within 7 days. The use of UC-WB would be a welcome addition to limited blood resources in China.
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-TRC-13003967.
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MnO2 nanomaterials with controlled morphologies were synthesized by different methods and characterized by SEM, XRD. The promotion ability of as-prepared MnO2 nanomaterials towards the direct ...electron transfer (DET) of hemoglobin has been studied. It is found that promotion effect of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MnO2 nanowires nanocomposite can be observed for the DET of hemoglobin. In the optimum conditions, the symmetrical redox peak can be observed with peak separation of 58 mV and formal potential of -0.339 V, respecting the direct electron transfer of hemoglobin on this composite film. The rate constant has also been estimated to be 1.10 s-1. The proposed biosensor has favorable reproducibility, stability and sensitivity, and has been used to amperometric determination of hydrogen peroxide with detection limit of 2.4×10-8 mol/L, and the Michealis-Menten constant can also be estimated to be 0.32 mmol/L.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Core-shell CdS@TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by SEM, EDS. The asprepared core-shell nanoparticles and nitrogen doped graphene were utilized to promote the electron transfer of ...hemoglobin. It is found that the nano-materials can effectively enhance the direct electron transfer of hemoglobin with symmetrical peak separation of 50 mV and formal peak potential of -0.395 V, and it is also found the formal potential shifts with pH in the range of 4.0-9.0 with a slope of 32 mV/pH to reveal a redox Bohr effect in the electron transfer process. The direct electron transfer (DET) of hemoglobin can also be estimated by heterogeneous electron transfer coefficient of 3.60 s-1. The proposed biosensor shows its favourable reproducibility, stability and low detection limit (5.4×10-8 mol/L) for hydrogen peroxide and Michealis-Menten constant of 0.012 mmol/L.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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