Single crystal LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (SC532), LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (SC622) and LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 (SC811) electrodes were retrieved from heavily cycled commercial-grade pouch cells at 4.3 V for ...cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM images indicated the single crystals showed very little microcracking, thought by many researchers to be one of the main reasons for cell degradation when polycrystalline materials are used. SEM images of electrodes from heavily cycled cells were compared to those from fresh cells which showed little visual difference. Parallel microcracks within very few single crystal particles were observed for both fresh and heavily cycled materials and are thought to be caused during the electrode calendaring process. It is believed by the authors that single crystal materials are highly promising positive electrode materials for high energy density and long cycle life lithium-ion cells.
In this study, we examine the wave equation with a nontrivial boundary condition. The main target of this study is to prove the local-in-time existence and the blow-up in finite time of the energy ...solution. Through the construction of an auxiliary function and the imposition of appropriate conditions on the initial data, we establish the both lower and upper bounds for the blow-up time of the solution. Meanwhile, based on these estimates, we obtain the result of the local-in-time existence and the blow-up of the energy solution. This approach enhances our understanding of the dynamics leading to blow-up in the considered condition.
Garnet-type solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are very promising due to their high ionic conductivities at room temperature and high stability against Li metal. However, the poor garnet/Li interfacial ...contact caused by Li2CO3 surface contaminant can lead to lithium dendrite growth and the performance decay of solid-state batteries (SSBs), which still hinders their practical application. Herein, a universal and simple method of rapid acid treatment is proposed to perfectly remove the surface Li2CO3 and retrieve a lithiophilic SSE surface. The SSE/Li interfacial resistance dramatically decreases from 940 Ω cm2 to 26 Ω cm2 at 30 °C. The acid treated garnet-SSE pellets exhibit an interfacial resistance comparable to the pellets with various surface coatings. In addition, the intrinsic garnet/Li interface remains stable during cycling, which enables the Li symmetric cells continuously cycle over 700 h under 0.2 mA cm−2 at 30 °C. And the LiFePO4/Li and LiCoO2/Li cells with acid treated garnet-SSE show excellent cycle and rate performances after eliminating the surface contaminant. These results indicate that rapid acid treatment not only guides a new understanding for an intrinsic garnet/Li interface but also is a simple and high-efficiency strategy to well address the interfacial issue for SSBs.
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•Rapid acid treatment is proposed to perfectly remove the surface Li2CO3.•The LLZTO/Li interfacial resistance decreases from 940 Ω cm2 to 26 Ω cm2 at 30 °C.•Li symmetric cells can cycle over 700 h under 0.2 mA cm−2 at 30 °C.•Full cells with acid treated LLZTO show excellent cycle and rate performances.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The objective of this paper is to solve the performance output regulation problem for a wave-heat cascade system with unmatched disturbance. Applying the series expansion, the auxiliary trajectory ...for the cascade system is constructed and the unmatched disturbance is rejected. Meanwhile, the controller and observer only based on error signal are designed, and the performance output regulation problem is solved. Under the control feedback, the performance output can track the reference signal, and the regulation error goes to zero asymptotically. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented for illustration.
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) are developed with the use of inflammable solid-state electrolytes to realize higher energy density and improved safety. However, the densification temperature of solid ...electrolytes via conventional sintering methods is usually high, especially for oxide-type electrolytes. Advanced sintering techniques such as spark plasma sintering have been developed to decrease the heat-treatment temperature and time. Recently, a novel cold sintering process (CSP) has been developed, which offers an alternative route to the densification of many solid-state electrolyte materials below 300 °C. Generally, the CSP involves multi-stage non-equilibrium processes such as dissolution-precipitation under external stress, viscous flow of saturated solutions and diffusion of species. Herein, the CSP application in different solid electrolytes and electrodes are summarized. It is expected that the CSP has great potential in preparing solid-state batteries and solid electrolytes in the future.
•Development of solid state batteries with advanced sintering technique.•Report the development of cold sintering technique.•Recent progress of cold sintering process applied in solid state battery.•Give a perspective on the future development of cold sintering process.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Urbanization has led to accelerated traffic congestion, posing a significant obstacle to urban development. Traditional traffic signal scheduling methods are often inefficient and cumbersome, ...resulting in unnecessary waiting times for vehicles and pedestrians, exacerbating the traffic situation. To address this issue, this article proposes a dynamic traffic signal scheduling system based on an improved greedy algorithm. Unlike conventional approaches, we introduce a reward function and a cost model to ensure fair scheduling plans. A constraint function is also established, and the traffic signal scheduling is iterated through the feasible matrix using the greedy algorithm to simplify the decision-making process and enhance solution efficiency. Moreover, an emergency module is integrated to prioritize special emergency vehicles, reducing their response time during emergencies. To validate the effectiveness of our dynamic traffic signal scheduling system, we conducted simulation experiments using the Simulation of Urban Mobility (SUMO) traffic simulation suite and the SUMO traffic control interface Traci. The results indicate that our system significantly improves intersection throughput and adapts well to various traffic conditions, effectively resolving urban traffic congestion while ensuring fair scheduling plans.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper is concerned with the performance output regulation problem for a wave equation with input delay and unmatched disturbance. Firstly, in the case of time delay, the input delay term is ...translated into a first-order hyperbolic equation and we obtain a cascade system. By applying the method of auxiliary trajectory, the unmatched disturbance is compensated and eliminated. Then, we design a state feedback controller. Meanwhile, with the measured error signal, we construct an observer for the cascade system. Based on the observer, an error feedback controller is developed by replacing the states with their estimations. By using Lyapunov functional method, we also prove the regulation error goes to zero exponentially. Thus, the problem of output tracking is solved for the wave equation in despite of input delay and unmatched disturbance. Finally, the numerical simulations are presented to validate the theoretical results.
In order to improve the efficiency and accuracy of multitarget detection of soldering defects on surface-mounted components in Printed Circuit Board (PCB) fabrication, we propose a sample generation ...method using Stable Diffusion Model and ControlNet, as well as a defect detection method based on the Swin Transformer. The method consists of two stages: First, high-definition original images collected in industrial production and the corresponding prompts are input to Stable Diffusion Model and ControlNet for automatic generation of nonindependent samples. Subsequently, we integrate Swin Transformer as the backbone into the Cascade Mask R-CNN to improve the quality of defect features extracted from the samples for accurate detection box localization and segmentation. Instead of segmenting individual components on the PCB, the method inspects all components in the field of view simultaneously over a larger area. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method in scaling up nonindependent sample datasets, thereby enabling the generation of high-quality datasets. The method accurately recognizes targets and detects defect types when performing multitarget inspection on printed circuit boards. The analysis against other models shows that our improved defect detection and segmentation method improves the Average Recall (AR) by 2.8% and the mean Average Precision (mAP) by 1.9%.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The empowerment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in manufacturing has drawn considerable attention, yet a holistic understanding of AI's effects on manufacturers' resilience and performance remains ...elusive. Our research leverages organizational information processing theory to explore the impact of three AI types – cognitive insights, process automation, and cognitive engagement – on manufacturers' resilience and performance. Our findings unveil that AI-driven process automation and cognitive engagement significantly influence both planned and adaptive resilience among manufacturers, while AI for cognitive insights predominantly elevates planned resilience without substantial effects on adaptive resilience. Moreover, our study establishes a positive link between planned and adaptive resilience and manufacturers' operational performance. By enhancing the comprehension of AI's implications for organizational resilience, our research yields crucial managerial insights and fresh perspectives for industry practitioners.
•Study the impact of three types of AI on manufacturers' resilience and performance.•AI for process automation positively impacts planned and adaptive resilience.•AI for cognitive engagement positively impacts planned and adaptive resilience.•AI for cognitive insights only positively impacts planned resilience.•Planned and adaptive resilience both positively impact manufacturers' performance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•The Bayan Obo mine is the largest rare-earth element (REE) resource in the world.•Different types of Fe-REE-Nb mineralization are summarized.•Geochemical data prove origin of ...metasomatism of sedimentary carbonate mixed with refertilized SCLM.•A new model is proposed for this unique Fe-REE-Nb mineralization.
The Bayan Obo deposit in Inner Mongolia, North China Craton (NCC) is the largest rare-earth element (REE) resource in the world. Due to the complex element and mineral compositions and the activity of several geological events, the ore-forming mechanism is still controversial. Previous models are reviewed here to provide information for further investigation on the Bayan Obo deposit. In this study, we summarize all different types of Fe-REE-Nb mineralization using field observations and microscope work, in which we recognize 9 types of Fe-REE-Nb ores in the Bayan Obo ore district. By compiling and re-evaluating a large number of published geochemical data, this paper provides solid evidence that the Bayan Obo deposit formed through interaction between sedimentary rocks and carbonatite magmatism. From the results of our review, it can be conjectured that the formation of iron ores was originated from sedimentation (Pt1), whereas the formation of REE mineralized dolomite might be related to interaction and reaction between the carbonatite magmas and/or associated fluids with sedimentary carbonate rocks, with the REE-bearing carbonatite magmas having undergone intense fractionation enrichment process. The C-O-S-Fe-Mg isotopes indicate that the REE-Nb mineralization was derived from metasomatism (fenitic alteration) of sedimentary carbonate. A new model is proposed for this unique REE-Nb mineralization, which is related to the subduction of Siberian Craton beneath the North China Craton since Early Paleozoic period. We interpret that the Bayan Obo Fe-REE-Nb ore deposits and their massive barren host, H8 dolomite, were generated as a result of interaction of fluids expelled from a subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM)-derived carbonatite magma with sedimentary carbonates.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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