This paper estimates the impact of income level on household beverage consumption, analyzes the consumption trends of sugar-sweetened beverages and sugar-free beverages in households, explores the ...future changes in the beverage consumption market pattern, and predicts the possible impact of the sugar industry on the development of sugar substitutes based on the beverage consumption data of Kantar Consumer Index in China from 2015 to 2017. The research results show that, firstly, there is an “inverted U-shaped” relationship between income level and household consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, which indicates that as income rises, household consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages tends to increase and then decrease. Secondly, income level has a positive effect on the household consumption of sugar-free beverages. Finally, in the future stage, with the further growth of income and the promotion of a healthy China, a large amount of sugar substitutes will be added to beverages instead of the original sugar, and the relationship between sugar and sugar substitute consumption will change from complementary to substitution. The findings of this paper have implications for encouraging food and beverage suppliers to produce “healthy”, “nutritious” and “innovative” low-sugar products to meet the health needs of residents and ensure the healthy and orderly development of the sugar industry.
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) detection underpins almost all aspects of vortex beams’ advances such as communication and quantum analogy. Conventional schemes are frustrated by low speed, ...complicated system, limited detection range. Here, we devise an intelligent processor composed of photonic and electronic neurons for OAM spectrum measurement in a fast, accurate and direct manner. Specifically, optical layers extract invisible topological charge information from incoming light and a shallow electronic layer predicts the exact spectrum. The integration of optical-computing promises us a compact single-shot system with high speed and energy efficiency (optical operations / electronic operations ~
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), neither necessitating reference wave nor repetitive steps. Importantly, our processor is endowed with salient generalization ability and robustness against diverse structured light and adverse effects (mean squared error ~
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). We further raise a universal model interpretation paradigm to reveal the underlying physical mechanisms in the hybrid processor, as distinct from conventional ‘black-box’ networks. Such interpretation algorithm can improve the detection efficiency up to 25-fold. We also complete the theory of optoelectronic network enabling its efficient training. This work not only contributes to the explorations on OAM physics and applications, and also broadly inspires the advanced links between intelligent computing and physical effects.
Due to the influence of the shooting environment and inherent image characteristics, there is a large amount of interference in the process of image stitching a geological borehole video. To ...accurately match the acquired image sequences in the inner part of a borehole, this paper presents a new method of stitching an unfolded borehole image, which uses the image generated from the video to construct a large-scale panorama. Firstly, the speeded-up robust feathers (SURF) algorithm is used to extract the image feature points and complete the rough matching. Then, the M-estimator sample consensus (MSAC) algorithm is introduced to remove the mismatched point pairs and obtain the homography matrix. Subsequently, we propose a local homography matrix offset optimization (LHOO) algorithm to obtain the optimal offset. Finally, the above process is cycled frame by frame, and the image sequence is continuously stitched to complete the construction of a cylindrical borehole panorama. The experimental results show that compared with those of the SIFT, Harris, ORB and SURF algorithms, the matching accuracy of our algorithm has been greatly improved. The final test is carried out on 225 consecutive video frames, and the panorama has a good visual effect, and the average time of each frame is 100 ms, which basically meets the requirements of the project.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Over the past four decades, obesity in children of all ages has increased worldwide, which has intensified the search for innovative intervention strategies. Serious games, a youth-friendly form of ...intervention designed with educational or behavioral goals, are emerging as a potential solution to this health challenge. To analyze the effectiveness of serious games in improving body composition, physical activity, and dietary change, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Scopus databases. Pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) were calculated for 20 studies (
= 2238 the intervention group; n = 1983 in the control group) using random-effect models. The intervention group demonstrated a slightly better, although non-significant, body composition score, with a pooled SMD of -0.26 (95% CI: -0.61 to 0.09). The pooled effect tends to be stronger with longer duration of intervention (-0.40 95% CI: -0.96, 0.16 for >3 months vs. -0.02 95% CI: -0.33, 0.30 for ≤3 months), although the difference was not statistically significant (
-difference = 0.24). As for the specific pathways leading to better weight control, improvements in dietary habits due to serious game interventions were not significant, while a direct positive effect of serious games on increasing physical activity was observed (pooled SMD = 0.61 95% CI: 0.04 to 1.19). While the impact of serious game interventions on body composition and dietary changes is limited, their effectiveness in increasing physical activity is notable. Serious games show potential as tools for overweight/obesity control among children and adolescents but may require longer intervention to sustain its effect.
Although radical nephroureterectomy is the standard treatment method for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma, it is associated with a high risk of intravesical recurrence. There are no models ...for predicting IVR after RNU in patients with organ-confined UTUC. Therefore, we developed and validated a model for postoperative prediction of IVR after RNU. The development cohort consisted of 416 patients who underwent RNU with bladder cuff excision at our center between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2015. Patient clinicopathologic data were recorded. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratio regression was used to build a predictive model with regression coefficients, backward step-wise selection was applied, and the likelihood ratio test with Akaike’s information criterion was used as the stopping rule. An independent cohort consisting of 152 consecutive patients from 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2017 was used for validation. The performance of this predictive model was assessed with respect to discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness. The predictors in this model included tumor stage, tumor diameter, tumor location, and tumor grade. In the validation cohort, the model showed good discrimination, with a concordance index of 0.689 (95% CI, 0.629 to 0.748) and good calibration. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that the model was also clinically useful. This study presents a good model that may facilitate individualized postoperative prediction of IVR after RNU in patients with organ-confined UTUC, and thus, may help improve postoperative strategies and facilitate treatment outcomes.
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FZAB, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
(1) Background: Studies have reported that COVID-19 may increase the risk of malnutrition among patients. However, the prevalence of such risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients is uncertain due to ...the inconsistent use of assessment methods. (2) Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE were searched to identify studies on the nutritional status of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A pooled prevalence of malnutrition risk evaluated by Nutrition Risk Score (NRS-2002) was obtained using a random effects model. Differences by study-level characteristics were examined by hospitalization setting, time of assessment, age, and country. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle−Ottawa Scale. (3) Results: 53 studies from 17 countries were identified and summarized. A total of 17 studies using NRS-2002, including 3614 COVID-19 patients were included in the primary meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of risk of malnutrition was significantly higher among ICU patients (92.2%, 95% CI: 85.9% to 96.8%) than among general ward patients (70.7%, 95% CI: 56.4% to 83.2%) (p = 0.002). No significant differences were found between age groups (≥65 vs. <65 years, p = 0.306) and countries (p = 0.893). (4) Conclusions: High risk of malnutrition is common and concerning in hospitalized patients with COVID-19, suggesting that malnutrition screening and nutritional support during hospitalization are needed.
•The UV-LBOW was applied on the welding of Al-Mg alloy.•The effect of hybrid energy field on mechanical properties of joints was studied.•The element distribution of Al-Mg alloy welded joint was ...analyzed.•A high tensile strength of 347 MPa was obtained by the UV-LBOW method.
A novel ultrasonic vibration assisted laser beam oscillation welding (UV-LBOW) method was developed and applied on the butt-welding of Al-Mg alloy sheets. Due to the synergistic enhancement of the molten pool flow by ultrasound vibration and laser beam oscillation, the microstructure morphology of fusion zone (FZ) was comprised of equiaxed grains. Additionly, a uniform element distribution was generated from the boundary to the center of the FZ. An enhanced tensile strength of 347 MPa and a fraction elongation of 19.0 % were obtained due to the grain refinement and solid solution strengthening effects.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Due to the comprehensive advantages of lightweight and integration of structure and function, aluminum alloy lattice structures are widely applied in aerospace, automotive industry and biomedical ...fields. Selective laser melting (SLM) additive manufacturing technology can significantly improve the overall performance of the structure, reduce the production cycle and manufacturing cost by integrated manufacturing. In this paper, five lattice structures (BCC, BCCZ, FCC, FCCZ, Cubic) of AlMgScZr alloy were fabricated by SLM, and the formability, surface quality and compressive properties were systematically studied. It shows that printing defects are easily formed at high power and fast scanning speed. Comparatively, the lattice structures fabricated at low power and slow scanning speed (100 W-250 mm/s) have better overall forming performance at the same energy density. The Cubic type structure has the highest compressive strength of the five lattice structures, which has a compressive strength of 95.2 MPa under the 200 W-500 mm/s condition.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Structured light with customized topological patterns inspires diverse classical and quantum investigations underpinned by accurate detection techniques. However, the current detection schemes are ...limited to vortex beams with a simple phase singularity. The precise recognition of general structured light with multiple singularities remains elusive. Here, we report deep learning (DL) framework that can unveil multi-singularity phase structures in an end-to-end manner, after feeding only two intensity patterns upon beam propagation. By outputting the phase directly, rich and intuitive information of twisted photons is unleashed. The DL toolbox can also acquire phases of Laguerre–Gaussian (LG) modes with a single singularity and other general phase objects likewise. Enabled by this DL platform, a phase-based optical secret sharing (OSS) protocol is proposed, which is based on a more general class of multi-singularity modes than conventional LG beams. The OSS protocol features strong security, wealthy state space, and convenient intensity-based measurements. This study opens new avenues for large-capacity communications, laser mode analysis, microscopy, Bose–Einstein condensates characterization, etc.
This study briefly reviews the progress on microstructure and performance control of Al–Li alloy welded joints. The formation mechanisms and softening effect of the fine equiaxed zone (FQZ) in fusion ...welded joint are summarized, and the improvement of different welding processes on the properties of Al–Li alloy is analyzed. Finally, the development directions of new welding methods and control strategies of Al–Li alloy are also prospected. The main viewpoints are as follows: During the welding process, a non-flowing residual thin layer exists near the boundary of molten pool. The Al3(Lix, Zr1-x) phases, which act as the heterogeneous nucleations, promote the formation of FQZ microstructure. A large number of eutectic phases form at the grain boundaries of FQZ, which lead to the initiation of microcracks in this region. At the same time, grain boundary segregation results in the decrease of alloying elements and precipitated phases in the interior of the grains, which further weakens the precipitation strengthening effect and makes the FQZ become the weakest area of the welded joint. External energy field (ultrasonic field and electromagnetic field) assisted arc oscillation or scanning mirror laser can effectively improve the flow behavior of the molten pool, refine the weld microstructure, promote the uniform distribution of alloying elements and precipitated phase, and further improve the mechanical properties and fatigue performance of the joint. The energy field assisted welding methods are also expected to become the ideal welding process for Al-Li alloys.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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