Numerous systems are reported for grading the clinical condition of patients following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). The literature was reviewed for articles pertaining to the grading of such ...patients, including publications on the Hunt and Hess Scale, Fisher Scale, Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), and World Federation of Neurological Surgeons Scale. This article reviews the advantages and limitations of these scales as well as more recent proposals for other grading systems based on these scales with or without addition of other factors known to be prognostic for outcome after SAH. There remain substantial deficits in the literature regarding grading of patients with SAH. Most grading scales were derived retrospectively, and the intra- and interobserver variability has seldom been assessed. Inclusion of additional factors increases the complexity of the scale, possibly making it less likely to be adopted for routine usage and increasing (only marginally in some cases) the ability to predict prognosis. Until further data are available, it is recommended that publications on patients with SAH report at least the admission GCS as well as factors commonly known to influence prognosis, such as age, pre-existing hypertension, the amount of blood present on admission computed tomography, time of admission after SAH, aneurysm location and size, presence of intracerebral or intraventricular hemorrhage, and blood pressure at admission.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Identification of the five noxious weedy Sporobolus species from non-weedy and native species in Australia is extremely difficult. Furthermore, seeds of these species, which are found in commercial ...seed lots, are morphologically indistinguishable. The lack of a reliable identification protocol is contributing to the rapid spread of these noxious weedy species within Australia. A polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism approach carried out on nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences was used to create a molecular diagnostic tool. To develop this tool, 40 ITS sequences generated from 14 Sporobolus species were used. A restriction enzyme (MvnI) was identified which could cut the ITS sequences from the noxious weedy species into two approximately equal fragments, while not cutting those from all other species. When tested on 23 randomly selected seed samples, identification was accomplished with 100% accuracy, suggesting a possible application in seed certification programmes.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
An accurate knowledge of atomic collision processes is important for a better understanding of many astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. Collision databases which contain electron-impact excitation, ...ionization, and recombination cross sections and temperature dependent rate coefficients have been constructed using perturbative distorted-wave methods and non-perturbative R-matrix pseudo-states and time-dependent close-coupling methods. We present recent atomic collision results.
Jets in hadron–hadron collisions Ellis, S.D.; Huston, J.; Hatakeyama, K. ...
Progress in particle and nuclear physics,
01/2008, Volume:
60, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In this article, we review some of the complexities of jet algorithms and of the resultant comparisons of data to theory. We review the extensive experience with jet measurements at the Tevatron, the ...extrapolation of this acquired wisdom to the LHC and the differences between the Tevatron and LHC environments. We also describe a framework (SpartyJet) for the convenient comparison of results using different jet algorithms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Over the last decade an Auburn-Rollins-Strathclyde consortium has developed several suites of parallel R-matrix codes 1, 2, 3 that can meet the fundamental data needs required for the interpretation ...of astrophysical observation and/or plasma experiments. Traditionally our collisional work on light fusion-related atoms has been focused towards spectroscopy and impurity transport for magnetically confined fusion devices. Our approach has been to provide a comprehensive data set for the excitation/ionization for every ion stage of a particular element. As we progress towards a burning fusion plasma, there is a demand for the collisional processes involving tungsten, which has required a revitalization of the relativistic R-matrix approach. The implementation of these codes on massively parallel supercomputers has facilitated the progression to models involving thousands of levels in the close-coupling expansion required by the open d and f sub-shell systems of mid Z tungsten. This work also complements the electron-impact excitation of Fe-Peak elements required by astrophysics, in particular the near neutral species, which offer similar atomic structure challenges. Although electron-impact excitation work is our primary focus in terms of fusion application, the single photon photoionisation codes are also being developed in tandem, and benefit greatly from this ongoing work.
Uncertainties on Atomic Data Ballance, C. P.; Loch, S. D.; Foster, A. R. ...
Fusion science and technology,
05/2013, Volume:
63, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
There have been long outstanding requests from the modeling community for uncertainty estimates on atomic data. This paper outlines a systematic approach from fundamental atomic structure and ...collisional calculations, through to well-known spectral diagnostic lines, correlating the uncertainties from each contributing process.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
49.
Electron-impact excitation of the Ne2+ O-like ion McLaughlin, B M; Lee, Teck-Ghee; Ludlow, J A ...
Journal of physics. Conference series,
11/2012, Volume:
388, Issue:
6
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
Open access
A large-scale 554 level R-matrix Intermediate Coupling Frame Transformation (ICFT) calculation is presented to provide a comprehensive electron-impact excitation data set for all transitions to ...higher n shells.
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