In flight control, the design objective and the aircraft dynamics may be different in low and high angle of attack regions. This paper presents a systematic switching LPV control design method to ...determine if it is practical to use for flight control designs over a wide angle of attack region. The approach is based on multiple parameter-dependent Lyapunov functions. A family of LPV controllers are designed, and each of them is suitable for a specific parameter subspace. The state of the controller is reset to guarantee the stability requirement of the Lyapunov function when the switching event occurs. Two parameter-dependent switching logics, hysteresis switching and switching with average dwell time, are examined. The proposed switching LPV control scheme is applied to an F-16 aircraft model with different design objectives and aircraft dynamics in low and high angle of attack regions. The nonlinear simulation results using both switching logics are compared.
Gold-catalyzed reactions, which have been widely explored over the past several years, are powerful tools in organic synthesis to access complex molecular frameworks, and some corresponding excellent ...reviews have been reported. However, little attention has been paid to summarize the reactions of strained small-ring-containing molecules catalyzed by gold. This
critical review
mainly puts its emphasis on the recent progress in the field of gold-catalyzed transformations of cyclopropyl-, cyclopropenyl-, epoxy- and aziridinyl-containing molecules. The rapid construction of interesting building blocks in organic synthesis from strained small rings catalyzed by gold has been summarized in this review (106 references).
This review provides an overview of the recent progress in the field of gold-catalyzed transformations of strained small rings.
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The pursuit of low-cost, high-performance electronic applications with solution-processible organic semiconductors drives the development of efficient methods to pattern organic ...semiconductor single crystals (OSSCs). However, fluid instabilities and a complex evaporation process have limited patterning of OSSCs with high resolution. Here, we present a solvent-free patterning approach, capillary force-driven molecule flow (CFDMF), to achieve highly aligned 2,7-dioctyl1benzothieno3,2-b1benzothiophene (C8-BTBT) single crystal patterns with sub-micron resolution and high fidelity. The position as well as pattern shape and resolution of the C8-BTBT single crystal arrays can be predetermined through photolithography. Using this method, we have demonstrated a high-integration circuit comprising over 169 organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a high resolution of 310 dpi. The resultant OFETs show good field-effect properties with an average mobility of 4.44 cm2 V−1 s−1. This patterning technique constitutes a major step toward the use of the high-mobility OSSCs for integrated device applications.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
One of the biggest challenges for Internet of Things (IoT) systems is traffic congestion in large networks. For this reason, the bandwidth should be increased in such systems. In addition, the issue ...of routing is raised in sending packets from the origin to the destination. Therefore, if there are many IoT devices in the network, it will increase the traffic, which makes faultless routing important in these networks. In this paper, a novel routing method based on Routing Protocol for Low-Power (RPL) is presented to minimize the energy consumption of the Internet of Things. Using the backward method based on the A* method to reduce energy consumption in a large graph, promising nodes are selected. A coordinate node is used to manage packets and transfer them. The selection of the coordinator node helps to receive packets with less energy and less delay from its neighbors, and the head node selects the best coordinator node with the shortest distance and the highest residual energy. The proposed method improves the energy consumption criteria, the delay between nodes, and the network overhead criterion by considering the estimated energy to the destination with the A* method.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Perovskite single crystals (PSCs) possess superior optoelectronic properties compared to their corresponding polycrystalline films, but their applications of PSCs in high‐performance, integrated ...devices are hindered by their heavy thickness and difficulty in scalable deposition. Here, a microchannel‐confined crystallization (MCC) strategy to grow uniform and large‐area PSC arrays for integrated device applications is reported. Benefiting from the confinement effect of the microchannels, solution flow dynamics is well controlled, and thus uniform deposition of PSC arrays with suitable thickness is achieved, meaning they are applicable for scale‐up device applications. The resulting PSCs possess excellent optoelectronic properties in terms of a long carrier lifetime (175 ns) and an ultralow defect density (2 × 109 cm−3), which are comparable to the corresponding bulk crystals. The unique embedded structure of PSCs within the microchannels allows the construction of a high‐integration image sensor. This work paves the way toward high‐throughput growth of PSCs for integrated optoelectronic devices.
A microchannel‐confined crystallization (MCC) strategy is proposed for scalable deposition of high‐quality perovskite single crystal (PSC) arrays through blade coating. The resultant PSC arrays exhibit perfect single‐crystalline nature and possess excellent optoelectronic properties. An image sensor based on the PSC arrays demonstrates a high‐sensitivity and high‐resolution imaging capability with a broad linear dynamic range and a large detectivity.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Three ring circus: The title reaction can efficiently provide functionalized polycyclic compounds containing cyclobutene (see scheme; PG=protecting group) or aza‐cyclooctene moieties in a highly ...regio‐ and diastereoselective manner with moderate to good yields under mild reaction conditions. The scope and limitations are disclosed and plausible reaction mechanisms are discussed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Pneumonia caused by the 2019 novel Coronavirus (COVID‐2019) shares overlapping signs and symptoms, laboratory findings, imaging features with influenza A pneumonia. We aimed to identify ...their clinical characteristics to help early diagnosis.
Methods
We retrospectively retrieved data for laboratory‐confirmed patients admitted with COVID‐19–induced or influenza A–induced pneumonia from electronic medical records in Ningbo First Hospital, China. We recorded patients' epidemiological and clinical features, as well as radiologic and laboratory findings.
Results
The median age of influenza A cohort was higher and it exhibited higher temperature and higher proportion of pleural effusion. COVID‐19 cohort exhibited higher proportions of fatigue, diarrhea and ground‐glass opacity and higher levels of lymphocyte percentage, absolute lymphocyte count, red‐cell count, hemoglobin and albumin and presented lower levels of monocytes, c‐reactive protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that fatigue, ground‐glass opacity, and higher level of albumin were independent risk factors for COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocyte count were independent risk factors for influenza A pneumonia.
Conclusions
In terms of COVID‐19 pneumonia and influenza A pneumonia, fatigue, ground‐glass opacity, and higher level of albumin tend to be helpful for diagnosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocyte count tend to be helpful for the diagnosis of influenza A pneumonia.
Fatigue, ground‐glass opacity and higher level of albumin tend to be helpful for diagnosis of COVID‐19 pneumonia, while older age, higher temperature, and higher level of monocytes count tend to be helpful for the diagnosis of influenza A pneumonia.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Tool wear has a significant impact on machining quality, efficiency, and cost, so it is vitally important for manufacturing systems. The current work of Tool Condition Monitoring (TCM) mainly ...processes the time series signals from multisensory using intelligent algorithms. However, the limits of these methods are as follows: (1) the image information is not integrated into the time series signals, and (2) the traditional methods face the problems of poor generalization and fast convergence. Thus, a novel integrated model based on the multisensory feature fusion and neural network is presented. The sensor data is first pre-processed using Piecewise Aggregate Approximation (PAA) and then recoded into images using Gramian Angular Field (GAF). The images, together with the tool infrared images, are inputs to the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model, which realizes the output of flank wear value. Both time series signals and tool infrared images are used to achieve the classification, and the final classification accuracy in the test set is 91%. The results show the high computation efficiency and the good generalization performance of the presented methodology.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Well-defined pH-responsive poly（e-caprolactone）-graft-β-cyclodextrin-graft-poly（2-（dimethylamino）ethyl- methacrylate）-co-poly（ethylene glycol） methacrylate amphiphilic copolymers ...（PCL-g-β-CD-g-P（DMAEMA-co-PEGMA）） were synthesized using a combination of atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）, ring opening polymerization （ROP） and ＂click＂ chemistry. Successful synthesis of polymers was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR）, proton nuclear magnetic resonance （^1H-NMR）, and gel permeation chromatography （GPC）. Then, the polymers could self- assemble into micelles in aqueous solution, which was demonstrated by dynamic light scattering （DLS） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The pH-responsive self-assembly behavior of these copolymers in water was investigated at different pH values of 7.4 and 5.0 for controlled doxorubicin （DOX） release, and these results revealed that the release rate of DOX could be effectively controlled by altering the pH, and the release of drug loading efficiency （DLE） was up to 88% （W/W）. CCK-8 assays showed that the copolymers had low toxicity and possessed good biodegradability and biocompatibility, whereas the DOX-loaded micelles remained with high cytotoxicity for HeLa cells. Moreover, confocal laser scanning microscopy （CLSM） images revealed that polymeric micelles could actively target the tumor site and the efficient intracellular DOX release from polymeric micelles toward the tumor cells further confirmed the anti-tumor effect. The DOX-loaded micelles could easily enter the cells and produce the desired pharmacological action and minimize the side effect of free DOX. These results successfully indicated that pH-responsive polymeric micelles could be potential hydrophobic drug delivery carriers for cancer targeting therapy with sustained release.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
HITEC molten salt (7% NaNO
3
, 53% KNO
3
, 40% NaNO
2
) has been identified as a suitable heat transfer fluid for concentrated solar power (CSP) systems, such as parabolic trough collectors (PTC) and ...evacuated tube solar collectors (ETSC). In order to optimize the flow and heat transfer performance of HITEC in ETSC, a molten salt heat transfer test rig was built to conduct an experimental study, varying inlet and outlet temperatures and mass flow rates of HITEC. Results show that the heat loss of HITEC in ETSC is lower than the other tubes. The convective heat transfer coefficient of HITEC is much lower than that of HITEC in round tube. Because the experimental data of HITEC in ETSC largely differed from the classical correlation equations, a new empirical heat transfer correlation equation was set for HITEC in ETSC, and the deviation between the experiment data and new correlation was within ±19.2%. Finally, by comparing the inlet and outlet temperatures of ETSC under different irradiation intensities, it is concluded that the ETSC can work stably when the temperature exceeds 700 W/m
2
.
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