Device failure detection is one of most essential problems in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). However, in conventional IIoT device failure detection, client devices need to upload raw data to ...the central server for model training, which might lead to disclosure of sensitive business data. Therefore, in this article, to ensure client data privacy, we propose a blockchain-based federated learning approach for device failure detection in IIoT. First, we present a platform architecture of blockchain-based federated learning systems for failure detection in IIoT, which enables verifiable integrity of client data. In the architecture, each client periodically creates a Merkle tree in which each leaf node represents a client data record, and stores the tree root on a blockchain. Furthermore, to address the data heterogeneity issue in IIoT failure detection, we propose a novel centroid distance weighted federated averaging (CDW_FedAvg) algorithm taking into account the distance between positive class and negative class of each client data set. In addition, to motivate clients to participate in federated learning, a smart contact-based incentive mechanism is designed depending on the size and the centroid distance of client data used in local model training. A prototype of the proposed architecture is implemented with our industry partner, and evaluated in terms of feasibility, accuracy, and performance. The results show that the approach is feasible, and has satisfactory accuracy and performance.
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are of considerable interest for catalyzing the heterogeneous conversion of CO
2
to synthetic fuels. In this regard, 2D siloxene nanosheets, have escaped ...thorough exploration, despite being composed of earth-abundant elements. Herein we demonstrate the remarkable catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability of a nickel@siloxene nanocomposite; it is found that this promising catalytic performance is highly sensitive to the location of the nickel component, being on either the interior or the exterior of adjacent siloxene nanosheets. Control over the location of nickel is achieved by employing the terminal groups of siloxene and varying the solvent used during its nucleation and growth, which ultimately determines the distinct reaction intermediates and pathways for the catalytic CO
2
methanation. Significantly, a CO
2
methanation rate of 100 mmol g
Ni
−1
h
−1
is achieved with over 90% selectivity when nickel resides specifically between the sheets of siloxene.
Clinical and epidemiological data suggest that asthma and allergic diseases are associated and may share a common genetic etiology. We analyzed genome-wide SNP data for asthma and allergic diseases ...in 33,593 cases and 76,768 controls of European ancestry from UK Biobank. Two publicly available independent genome-wide association studies were used for replication. We have found a strong genome-wide genetic correlation between asthma and allergic diseases (r
= 0.75, P = 6.84 × 10
). Cross-trait analysis identified 38 genome-wide significant loci, including 7 novel shared loci. Computational analysis showed that shared genetic loci are enriched in immune/inflammatory systems and tissues with epithelium cells. Our work identifies common genetic architectures shared between asthma and allergy and will help to advance understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying co-morbid asthma and allergic diseases.
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•KOH activation significantly improved biochar redox properties, especially EDC.•The optimal mass ratio of KOH/biochar was 6 to improve biochar redox properties.•KOH activation ...promoted biochar aromatization, which contributed to EDC/EAC increase.•KOH activation increased O-containing moieties, converted them to more unstable forms.•A significant correlation between specific surface area and EDC was established.
Recently redox-active biochar has been widely used as an electron shuttle in many redox systems to accelerate diverse reactions. However, low value of electron exchange capacity (EEC) and a lack of effective modification methods prevent it from further applications. Thus, how to efficiently enhance biochar’s redox properties becomes a hot challenge. In this study, we developed a two-step KOH activation method to modify pine wood biochar and obtained a significant improvement in biochar’s EEC, with a maximum increase of 50-fold in electron donor capacity (EDC) to 1.07 mmol e-/g biochar, and 30-fold in electron acceptance capacity (EAC) to 5.23 mmol e-/g biochar, respectively. Considering the gradually decreasing yield with increasing KOH dosage, six was the optimal KOH-to-biochar mass ratio for preparing high EEC char in large quantities, with a yield of 46.36% and a maximum EEC value of 2.80 mmol e-/g raw biochar. Results showed that KOH activation could increase O-containing functional groups, convert them to unstable forms, and also promote biochar’s aromatization, which contributed to the EEC increase. In addition, a significant linear correlation (p < 0.05) between biochar’s EDC and specific surface area (SSA) was observed, which provided a reference value for exploring modification methods targeted to biochar’s redox properties and also made it a clue how to refine a low-quality biochar into a value-added product with high redox properties.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A gold-catalyzed dearomatization reaction of indole derivatives was realized in the presence of JohnPhosAuCl/AgOMs to afford a series of spiroindolenines in excellent yields (≤99%). In addition, when ...the Hantzsch ester was used as the hydrogen transfer reagent, various spiroindolines were obtained in a cascade fashion starting from readily available indole derivatives in modest to good yields (≤79%). Both reactions feature readily available substrates, mild conditions, and good functional group tolerance.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
To overcome the shortcomings of the temperature sensitivity of exterior flexible facing tiles (EFFIs), a series of crosslinking carboxylic styrene-acrylate (SA) latices were prepared via the ...semicontinuous seed emulsion polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA), methacrylic acid (MAA), acrylic acid (AA), butyl acrylate (BA), and styrene (St), and were applied as binders to fabricate EFFTs with mineral powder. The obtained latices exhibited Bragg diffraction because of the narrow particle size distribution. Owing to the low dosage of emulsifiers and the crosslinking reaction between the epoxy group and the carboxyl group, the latex films displayed excellent water resistance, with water adsorption as low as 7.1%. The tensile test, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) test, and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that at a GMA dosage of 4–6% the latex films had high mechanical strengths, which remained relatively stable in the temperature range of 10 to 40 °C. The optimal AA dosage was found in the range of 2 to 3%, at which the wet mixture exhibited good processability, conducive to forming an EFFT with a compact microstructure. Using the optimal SA latex, the obtained EFFT displayed a series of improved performances, including low water absorption, high mechanical strength, and stable self-supporting ability over a wide temperature range, exhibiting the application potential in the decoration and construction industries.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A novel lentinan (LNT-I) was extracted from Lentinus edodes mycelia, and purified by an anion-exchange DEAE cellulose column and Sephadex G-200 gel. The structural characterization of LNT-I was ...determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, high performance gel permeation chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry and 1D-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results showed that LNT-I was a β-(1 → 3)-glucan backbone with -(1 → 6)-glucosyl side-branching units terminated by mannosyl and galactosyl residues, and its molecular weight was 3.79 × 105 Da. LNT-I consisted of glucose, mannose and galactose with the molar ratio of 19.26:1.20:1.00. LNT-I represented the prominent antiviral activity to IHNV at MOI of 0.05 and 0.10, respectively. Direct inactivation and the antiviral ability in pre-addition, co-addition and post-addition to IHNV (MOI of 0.05) were 62.34%, 39.60%, 53.63% and 82.38%, respectively under 100 μg/mL of LNT-I. Antiviral mechanisms of LNT-I mainly involved in the direct inactivation and the inhibition of viral replication. Moreover, LNT-I significantly down-regulated the expression level of TNF-α, IL-2 and IL-11, and up-modulated the expression levels of IFN-1 and IFN-γ after challenging with IHNV. The results indicated that the inhibitory effects of LNT-I on IHNV infection were possibly attributed to its regulation of the innate immune responses and specific immunity.
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•Lentinan, named as LNT-I, was successfully extracted from Lentinus edodes mycelia.•The structural characterization of LNT-I was analyzed.•Antiviral activity and the mechanism of LNT-I in vitro were determined.•The expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine and interferon in vitro were analyzed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
An ideal hydrogel for biomedical engineering should mimic the intrinsic properties of natural tissue, especially high toughness and self-healing ability, in order to withstand cyclic loading and ...repair skin and muscle damage. In addition, excellent cell affinity and tissue adhesiveness enable integration with the surrounding tissue after implantation. Inspired by the natural mussel adhesive mechanism, we designed a polydopamine-polyacrylamide (PDA-PAM) single network hydrogel by preventing the overoxidation of dopamine to maintain enough free catechol groups in the hydrogel. Therefore, the hydrogel possesses super stretchability, high toughness, stimuli-free self-healing ability, cell affinity and tissue adhesiveness. More remarkably, the current hydrogel can repeatedly be adhered on/stripped from a variety of surfaces for many cycles without loss of adhesion strength. Furthermore, the hydrogel can serve as an excellent platform to host various nano-building blocks, in which multiple functionalities are integrated to achieve versatile potential applications, such as magnetic and electrical therapies.
The potential endocrine-disrupting effects of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) have been demonstrated in animal studies, but whether PFASs may interfere with body weight regulation in humans is ...largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the associations of PFAS exposure with changes in body weight and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in a diet-induced weight-loss setting.
In the 2-year POUNDS Lost randomized clinical trial based in Boston, Massachusetts, and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, that examined the effects of energy-restricted diets on weight changes, baseline plasma concentrations of major PFASs were measured among 621 overweight and obese participants aged 30-70 years. Body weight was measured at baseline and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. RMR and other metabolic parameters, including glucose, lipids, thyroid hormones, and leptin, were measured at baseline and 6 and 24 months. Participants lost an average of 6.4 kg of body weight during the first 6 months (weight-loss period) and subsequently regained an average of 2.7 kg of body weight during the period of 6-24 months (weight regain period). After multivariate adjustment, baseline PFAS concentrations were not significantly associated with concurrent body weight or weight loss during the first 6 months. In contrast, higher baseline levels of PFASs were significantly associated with a greater weight regain, primarily in women. In women, comparing the highest to the lowest tertiles of PFAS concentrations, the multivariate-adjusted mean weight regain (SE) was 4.0 (0.8) versus 2.1 (0.9) kg for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) (Ptrend = 0.01); 4.3 (0.9) versus 2.2 (0.8) kg for perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) (Ptrend = 0.007); 4.7 (0.9) versus 2.5 (0.9) kg for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) (Ptrend = 0.006); 4.9 (0.9) versus 2.7 (0.8) kg for perfluorohexanesulfonic acid (PFHxS) (Ptrend = 0.009); and 4.2 (0.8) versus 2.5 (0.9) kg for perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) (Ptrend = 0.03). When further adjusted for changes in body weight or thyroid hormones during the first 6 months, results remained similar. Moreover, higher baseline plasma PFAS concentrations, especially for PFOS and PFNA, were significantly associated with greater decline in RMR during the weight-loss period and less increase in RMR during the weight regain period in both men and women. Limitations of the study include the possibility of unmeasured or residual confounding by socioeconomic and psychosocial factors, as well as possible relapse to the usual diet prior to randomization, which could have been rich in foods contaminated by PFASs through food packaging and also dense in energy.
In this diet-induced weight-loss trial, higher baseline plasma PFAS concentrations were associated with a greater weight regain, especially in women, possibly explained by a slower regression of RMR levels. These data illustrate a potential novel pathway through which PFASs interfere with human body weight regulation and metabolism. The possible impact of environmental chemicals on the obesity epidemic therefore deserves attention.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00072995.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Using a modified chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, we have prepared a class of new graphene foams (GFs) doped with nitrogen, boron or both. Nitrogen-doped graphene foams (N-GFs) with a nitrogen ...doping level of 3.1 atom% were prepared by CVD of CH4 in the presence of NH3 while boron-doped graphene foams (B-GFs) with a boron doping level of 2.1 atom% were produced by using toluene and triethyl borate as a carbon and a boron source. On the other hand, graphene foams co-doped with nitrogen (4.5 atom%) and boron (3 atom%) (BN-GFs) were prepared by CVD using melamine diborate as the precursor. In all cases, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed well-defined foam-like microstructures, while electrochemical measurements showed much higher electrocatalytic activities toward oxygen reduction reaction for the doped graphene foams than their undoped counterparts.
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