Salt stress can significantly affect plant growth and agricultural productivity. Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are believed to play essential roles in plant growth, development, and responses to ...abiotic stresses. Here, we identify a receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase, salt tolerance receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase 1 (STRK1), from rice (Oryza sativa) that positively regulates salt and oxidative stress tolerance. Our results show that STRK1 anchors and interacts with CatC at the plasma membrane via palmitoylation. CatC is phosphorylated mainly at Tyr-210 and is activated by STRK1. The phosphorylation mimic form CatCY210D exhibits higher catalase activity both in vitro and in planta, and salt stress enhances STRK1-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation on CatC. Compared with wild-type plants, STRK1-overexpressing plants exhibited higher catalase activity and lower accumulation of H2O2 as well as higher tolerance to salt and oxidative stress. Our findings demonstrate that STRK1 improves salt and oxidative tolerance by phosphorylating and activating CatC and thereby regulating H2O2 homeostasis. Moreover, overexpression of STRK1 in rice not only improved growth at the seedling stage but also markedly limited the grain yield loss under salt stress conditions. Together, these results offer an opportunity to improve rice grain yield under salt stress.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
The physical origin of fast radio bursts (FRBs) is still unclear. However, young magnetars associated with short-duration gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) have been thought to be possible central ...engines for some FRBs. In this paper, we perform a systematic search for SGRBs that are associated with FRBs in a sample including 623 FRBs (601 one-off bursts and 22 repeaters) and 168 SGRBs with precise localizations. We find that FRB 190309A is spatially associated with GRB 060502B, with a chance probability of 0.05 when temporal and redshift information is taken into account. Considering the high chance probability (the statistical significance is <3
σ
), we examine other observational properties such as the host galaxy, the dispersion measure, and the energy budget of the central engine to check the possibility of their association. Although the available observational information is insufficient to determine whether they are physically associated, it does not rule out such a possibility. As the only pair of FRB and GRB that are spatially associated, it remains an interesting case worthy of further attention.
We have introduced a novel water-soluble two-photon photoinitiator based on the host–guest interaction between 3,6-bis2-(1-methyl-pyridinium)vinyl-9-pentyl-carbazole diiodide (BMVPC) and ...cucurbit7uril (CB7) because most of the commercial photoinitiators have poor two-photon initiating efficiency in aqueous solutions. The binding ratio of BMVPC and CB7 was determined as 1:1 by isothermal titration calorimetry and quantum chemical calculation. The formation of the host–guest complex increases the two-photon absorption cross-section about five times, and improves the water solubility required as the photoinitiator for hydrogel fabrication. The BMVPC–CB7 inclusion complex was used as the one-component photoinitiator, and the polyethylene glycol diacrylate with promising biocompatibility was used as the hydrogel monomer to form the aqueous-phase photoresist system applied to two-photon polymerization microfabrication. A relatively low laser threshold of 4.5 mW, a high fabricating resolution of 180 nm, and the true three-dimensional (3D) fabricating capability in the aqueous solution have been obtained by using the as-prepared photoresist system. Finally, 3D engineering hydrogel scaffold microstructures with low toxicity and good biocompatibility have been fabricated and cocultured with living HeLa cells, which demonstrates the potential for further application in tissue engineering.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Ensemble forecasting systems have become an important tool for estimating the uncertainties in initial conditions and model formulations and they are receiving increased attention from various ...applications. The Regional Ensemble Prediction System (REPS), which has operated at the Beijing Meteorological Service (BMS) since 2017, allows for probabilistic forecasts. However, it still suffers from systematic deficiencies during the first couple of forecast hours. This paper presents an integrated probabilistic nowcasting ensemble prediction system (NEPS) that is constructed by applying a mixed dynamic-integrated method. It essentially combines the uncertainty information (i.e., ensemble variance) provided by the REPS with the nowcasting method provided by the rapid-refresh deterministic nowcasting prediction system (NPS) that has operated at the Beijing Meteorological Service (BMS) since 2019. The NEPS provides hourly updated analyses and probabilistic forecasts in the nowcasting and short range (0–6 h) with a spatial grid spacing of 500 m. It covers the three meteorological parameters: temperature, wind, and precipitation. The outcome of an evaluation experiment over the deterministic and probabilistic forecasts indicates that the NEPS outperforms the REPS and NPS in terms of surface weather variables. Analysis of two cases demonstrates the superior reliability of the NEPS and suggests that the NEPS gives more details about the spatial intensity and distribution of the meteorological parameters.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The Omicron variant BA.2 was the dominant variant in the COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai since March 2022. We aim to investigate the characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant infection in pediatric ...liver-transplanted recipients.
We conducted a single-center, prospective, observational, single-arm study. We enrolled pediatric liver-transplanted patients infected with the Omicron variant BA.2 from March 19th to October 1st, 2022 and analyzed their demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data. The management of COVID-19 was conducted according to the 9th trial edition of the Chinese guideline. The immunosuppressive therapy was tailored considering the patients' infection developments and liver functions.
Five children were included. The primary diseases included Niemann-Pick disease, propionic acidemia, decompensated cirrhosis, biliary atresia, and Crigler-Najjar syndrome type I. All of the patients were onset with fever before or when getting RNA-positive results at the age of 3 (Range: 1-13) years. The infection duration was 29 (Range: 18-40) days. Three and two children were diagnosed with mild and moderate COVID-19 respectively. Two patients were tested RNA-positive within 14 days after having been tested negative. The immunosuppressants were paused or extenuated in four patients. Eight of all nine cohabitants were injected with at least two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The disease courses were significantly longer than the patients (P < 0.05).
Post-transplant immunosuppression slows down the virus clearance and increases the risk of relapse but does not affect symptom duration or infection severity in pediatric patients. Patients can usually gain a favorable outcome and prognosis by extenuating immunosuppressants.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
As glutamate dehydrogenases (GDHs) of microorganisms usually have higher affinity for NH4+ than do those of higher plants, it is expected that ectopic expression of these GDHs can improve nitrogen ...assimilation in higher plants. Here, a novel NADP(H)-GDH gene (TrGDH) was isolated from the fungus Trichurus and introduced into rice (Oryza sativa L.). Investigation of kinetic properties in vitro showed that, compared with the rice GDH (OsGDH4), TrGDH exhibited higher affinity for NH4+ (Km = 1.48 ± 0.11 mM). Measurements of the NH4+ assimilation rate demonstrated that the NADP(H)-GDH activities of TrGDH transgenic lines were significantly higher than those of the controls. Hydroponic experiments revealed that the fresh weight, dry weight and nitrogen content significantly increased in the TrGDH transgenic lines. Field trials further demonstrated that the number of effective panicles, 1,000-grain weight and grain weight per plant of the transgenic lines were significantly higher than those of the controls, especially under low-nitrogen levels. Moreover, glutelin and prolamine were found to be markedly increased in seeds from the transgenic rice plants. These results sufficiently confirm that overexpression of TrGDH in rice can improve the growth status and grain weight per plant by enhancing nitrogen assimilation. Thus, TrGDH is a promising candidate gene for maintaining yields in crop plants via genetic engineering.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Reinforcing calcareous sands with geogrids is a potentially effective method for large-scale geotechnical constructions in coastal lands. The breakable nature of polygonal calcareous sands determines ...the complex particle-geogrid interactions. A three-dimensional numerical model of geogrid reinforced calcareous sand (GRCS) was established to investigate the potential mechanical laws based on the discrete element method (DEM), and the reasonableness of the numerical model was verified by comparing with the indoor triaxial test. It follows that the macro-microscopic mechanical behavior of GRCS under the influence of aperture size and tensile resistance of geogrids was further investigated via effective DEM simulations. The presented results show that the decreased aperture size and increased tensile resistance are beneficial to enhance the macro-mechanical properties of GRCS, including strength, internal friction angle and pseudo cohesion. Particle crushing is mainly affected by shear strain and confining pressure. The bulging deformation of GRCS is partially suppressed due to the confining effect of geogrids. Besides, the source of strength enhancement of GRCS is revealed based on the microscopic particle-geogrid interactions, and the calculation method of horizontal and vertical additional stresses in the reinforced soil element considering the effects of tensile resistance and aperture size is further established.
•A DEM model is established for geogrid reinforced calcareous sand.•Aperture size and tensile resistance effects are considered.•The distribution and evolution of particle crushing are characterized.•The macro-micro mechanical behavior of GRCS is revealed.•An additional stress calculation method is developed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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•E-eye, E-nose and HS-GC-MS jointly solved the authenticity problems of ZSS.•SVM, KNN and ANN algorithms successfully distinguish ZSS from adulterants.•The rapid discriminant formulas ...to distinguish ZSS and adulterants based on E-eye.•Comprehensive analysis of volatile compounds by Flash GC E-nose and HS-GC-MS.•Critical compounds for tracing the geographical origins of ZSS were identified.
Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS), a valuable seed food, has faced increasing authenticity issues. In this study, the adulterants and geographical origins of ZSS were successfully identified by electronic eye, flash gas chromatography electronic nose (Flash GC e-nose) and headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). As a result, there were color differences between ZSS and adulterants, mainly represented by the a* value of ZSS was less than adulterants. In ZSS, 29 and 32 compounds were detected by Flash GC e-nose and HS-GC-MS. Spicy, sweety, fruity and herbal were the main flavor of ZSS. Five compounds were determined to be responsible for flavor differences between different geographical origins. In the HS-GC-MS analysis, the relative content of Hexanoic acid was the highest in ZSS from Hebei and Shandong, while 2,4-Decadien-1-ol was the highest in Shaanxi. Overall, this study provided a meaningful strategy for addressing authenticity problems of ZSS and other seed foods.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
ABSTRACT
We report the detection of γ-ray emission by the Fermi Large Area Telescope towards the young massive star cluster RCW 38 in the 1–500 GeV photon energy range. We found spatially extended ...GeV emission towards the direction of RCW 38, which is best modelled by a Gaussian disc of 0.23° radius with a significance of the extension of ∼11.4σ. Furthermore, the spatial correlation with the ionized and molecular gas content favours the hadronic origin of the γ-ray emission. The γ-ray spectrum of RCW 38 has a relatively hard photon index of 2.44 ± 0.03, which is similar to other young massive star clusters. We argue that the diffuse GeV γ-ray emission in this region likely originates from the interaction of accelerated protons in the stellar cluster with the ambient gas.
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