An iridium(III)‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of enamides, aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates, and 1,4‐diazabicyclo2.2.2octane bis(sulfur dioxide) (DABSO) for the direct C(sp2)−H arylsulfonylation ...of enamides is developed. This transformation provides a robust and straightforward approach for preparing a diverse array of β‐amidovinyl sulfones in moderate to excellent yields and high stereoselectivities without Light‐emitting diode (LED) radiation. This transformation also features mild conditions, broad substrate scopes, and excellent functional group tolerance.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We explored a co‐dissolved strategy to embed mono‐dispersed Pt center into V2O5 support via dissolving PtV9O287− into V10O286− aqueous solution. The uniform dispersion of PtV9O287− in V10O286− ...solution allows PtV9O287− to be surrounded by V10O286− clusters via a freeze‐drying process. The V centers in both PtV9O287− and V10O286− were converted into V2O5 via a calcination process to stabilize Pt center. These double separations can effectively prevent the Pt center agglomeration during the high‐temperature conversion process, and achieve 100 % utilization of Pt in PtV9O287−. The resulting Pt‐V2O5 single‐atom‐site catalysts exhibit a CH4 yield of 247.6 μmol g−1 h−1, 25 times higher than that of Pt nanoparticle on the V2O5 support, which was accompanied by the lactic acid photooxidation to form pyruvic acid. Systematical investigations on this unambiguous structure demonstrate an important role of Pt−O atomic pair synergy for highly efficient CO2 photoreduction.
Dispersing nanosized PtV9O287− clusters into a V10O286− aqueous solution, the so‐called co‐dissolved strategy, ensures double separations resulting in the construction of Pt single‐atom catalysts (SACs). The SAC with Pt/O synergism can efficiently boost CO2 photoreduction.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Infectious diseases, including COVID-19, are crucial public health issues and may lead to considerable fear among the general public and stigmatization of, and discrimination against, specific ...populations. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of stigma in infectious disease epidemics. We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases since inception to June 08, 2021, and reported the prevalence of stigma towards people with infectious diseases including SARS, H1N1, MERS, Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19. A total of 50 eligible articles were included that contributed 51 estimates of prevalence in 92722 participants. The overall pooled prevalence of stigma across all populations was 34% 95% CI: 28-40%, including enacted stigma (36% 95% CI: 28-44%) and perceived stigma (31% 95% CI: 22-40%). The prevalence of stigma in patients, community population, and health care workers, was 38% 95% CI: 12- 65%, 36% 95% CI: 28-45%, and 30% 95% CI: 20-40%, respectively. The prevalence of stigma in participants from low- and middle-income countries was 37% 95% CI: 29-45%, which is higher than that from high-income countries (27% 95% CI: 18-36%) though this difference was not statistically significant. A similar trend of prevalence of stigma was also observed in individuals with lower education (47% 95% CI: 23-71%) compared to higher education level (33% 95% CI: 23-4%). These findings indicate that stigma is a significant public health concern, and effective and comprehensive interventions are needed to counteract the damaging effects of the infodemics during infectious disease epidemics, including COVID-19, and reduce infectious disease-related stigma.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The higher level of Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (G6PI) has been found in both synovial tissue and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, while the function of G6PI in RA remains ...unclear. Herein we found the enrichment of G6PI in microvascular endothelial cells of synovial tissue in RA patients, where a 3% O
hypoxia environment has been identified. In order to determine the correlation between the high G6PI level and the low oxygen concentration in RA, a hypoxia condition (~3% O
) in vitro was applied to mimic the RA environment in vivo. Hypoxia promoted cellular proliferation of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASFs), and induced cell migration and angiogenic tube formation of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs), which were accompanied with the increased expression of G6PI and HIF-1α. Through application of G6PI loss-of-function assays, we confirmed the requirement of G6PI expression for those hypoxia-induced phenotype in RA. In addition, we demonstrated for the first time that G6PI plays key roles in regulating VEGF secretion from RASFs to regulate the hypoxia-induced angiogenesis in RA. Taken together, we demonstrated a novel pathway regulating hypoxia-induced angiogenesis in RA mediated by G6PI.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is characterized by cognitive and emotional deficits. Previous studies have reported the co-occurrence of IGD and depression. However, extant brain imaging research has ...largely focused on cognitive deficits in IGD. Few studies have addressed the comorbidity between IGD and depression symptoms and underlying neural mechanisms. Here, we systematically investigated this issue by combining a longitudinal survey study, a cross-sectional resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) study and an intervention study. Autoregressive cross-lagged modeling on a longitudinal dataset of college students showed that IGD severity and depression are reciprocally predictive. At the neural level, individuals with IGD exhibited enhanced rsFC between the left amygdala and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), inferior frontal and precentral gyrus, compared with control participants, and the amygdala-frontoparietal connectivity at the baseline negatively predicted reduction in depression symptoms following a psychotherapy intervention. Further, following the intervention, individuals with IGD showed decreased connectivity between the left amygdala and left middle frontal and precentral gyrus, as compared with the non-intervention group. These findings together suggest that IGD may be closely associated with depression; aberrant rsFC between emotion and executive control networks may underlie depression and represent a therapeutic target in individuals with IGD. Registry name: The behavioral and brain mechanism of IGD; URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02550405; Registration number: NCT02550405.
The warm‐temperate and subtropical climate zones of East Asia are a hotspot of plant species richness and endemism, including a noticeable number of species‐poor Tertiary relict tree genera. However, ...little is understood about when East Asian Tertiary relict plants diversified, how they responded demographically to past environmental change, and to what extent their current genomic composition (and adaptive capacity) might mitigate the effects of global warming. Here, we obtained genomic (RAD‐SNP) data for 171 samples from two extant species of Euptelea in China (24 E. pleiosperma populations) and Japan (11 E. polyandra populations) to elucidate their divergence and demographic histories, genome‐wide associations with current environmental variables, and genomic vulnerability to future climate change. Our results indicate that Late Miocene changes in climate and/or sea level promoted species divergence, whereas Late Pliocene uplifting in southwest China likely fostered lineage divergence within E. pleiosperma. Its subsequent range expansion into central/east (CE) China bears genomic signatures of climate‐driven selection, yet extant CE populations are predicted to be most vulnerable to future climate change. For E. polyandra, geography was the only significant predictor of genomic variation. Our findings indicate a profound impact of Late Neogene geological and climate change on the evolutionary history of Euptelea, with much stronger signals of local adaptation left in China than in Japan. This study deepens our understanding of the complex evolutionary forces that influence the distribution of genetic variation of Tertiary relict trees, and provides insights into their susceptibility to global change and potential for adaptive responses. Our results lay the groundwork for future conservation and restoration programs for Euptelea.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Psychobehavioral intervention is an effective treatment of Internet addiction, including Internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, the neural mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain unclear. ...Cortical‐ventral striatum (VS) circuitry is a common target of psychobehavioral interventions in drug addiction, and cortical‐VS dysfunction has been reported in IGD; hence, the primary aim of the study was to investigate how the VS circuitry responds to psychobehavioral interventions in IGD. In a cross‐sectional study, we examined resting‐state functional connectivity of the VS in 74 IGD subjects (IGDs) and 41 healthy controls (HCs). In a follow‐up craving behavioral intervention (CBI) study, of the 74 IGD subjects, 20 IGD subjects received CBI (CBI+) and 16 IGD subjects did not (CBI−). All participants were scanned twice with similar time interval to assess the effects of CBI. IGD subjects showed greater resting‐state functional connectivity of the VS to left inferior parietal lobule (lIPL), right inferior frontal gyrus and left middle frontal gyrus, in positive association with the severity of IGD. Moreover, compared with CBI−, CBI+ showed significantly greater decrease in VS‐lIPL connectivity, along with amelioration in addiction severity following the intervention. These findings demonstrated that functional connectivity between VS and lIPL, each presumably mediating gaming craving and attentional bias, may be a potential biomarker of the efficacy of psychobehavioral intervention. These results also suggested that non‐invasive techniques such as transcranial magnetic or direct current stimulation targeting the VS‐IPL circuitry may be used in the treatment of Internet gaming disorders.
Internet gaming disorder subjects showed greater resting‐state functional connectivity of ventral striatum to left inferior parietal lobule, right inferior frontal gyrus, and left middle frontal gyrus. The strength of ventral striatum‐left inferior parietal lobule connectivity was reduced, along with amelioration in addiction severity following the craving behavioral intervention.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Herein, ultralong and efficient phosphorescence has been achieved from silica confined carbon nanodots (CNDs) in acqueous solution, and the lifetime and phosphorescence quantum yield of the CNDs are ...1.86 s and 11.6 %, both of which are the best values ever reported for water-soluble phosphorescent nanoparticles. In terms of the efficient phosphorescence, in vivo/vitro afterglow imaging has also been demonstrated, which addresses demonstration of CNDs in afterglow bioimaging.
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•Water-soluble phosphorescent CNDs with world-record lifetime and quantum yield of 1.86 s and 11.6% have been achieved.•The silica layer increases the stability of the triplet excitons in CNDs.•In vivo/vitro afterglow imaging has been demonstrated with our proposed CNDs.
Water-soluble phosphorescent nanoparticles are highly desirable for biomedical applications. However, the phosphorescence of nanoparticles is usually quenched in aqueous solutions due to the nonradiative deactivation of triplet excitons by the oxygen in water, thus it is a huge challenge to realize water-soluble phosphorescent nanoparticles. Herein, ultralong and efficient phosphorescence has been achieved from water-soluble carbon nanodots (CNDs) by confine CNDs in a nanospace. Silica capsulation layer is used to ensure the solublity of the CNDs, isolate the CNDs from the surrounding oxygen in the aqueous solution. Furthermore, the motion and vibration of covalent bonds in the CNDs are limited. In this way, the nonradiative deactivation rates of triplet excitons has been decreased, and efficient phosphorescence is achieved from water-soluble CNDs. The lifetime and phosphorescence quantum yield of the CNDs are 1.86 s and 11.6 %, both of which are the best values ever reported for water-soluble phosphorescent nanoparticles. In terms of the efficient phosphorescence of the CNDs in aqueous solution, in vivo/vitro afterglow imaging is also been demonstrated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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