Globally, there is increasing awareness that renewable energy and energy efficiency are vital for both creating new economic opportunities and controlling the environmental pollution. AD technology ...is the biochemical process of biogas production which can change the complex organic materials into a clean and renewable source of energy. AcoD process is a reliable alternative option to resolve the disadvantages of single substrate digestion system related to substrate characteristics and system optimization. This paper reviewed the research progress and challenges of AcoD technology, and the contribution of different techniques in biogas production engineering. As the applicability and demand of the AcoD technology increases, the complexity of the system becomes increased, and the characterization of organic materials becomes volatile which requires advanced methods for investigation. Numerous publications have been noted that ADM1 model and its modified version becomes the most powerful tool to optimize the AcoD process of biogas production, and indicating that the disintegration and hydrolysis steps are the limiting factors of co-digestion process. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) test is promising method to determine the biodegradability and decomposition rate of organic materials. The addition of different environmentally friendly nanoparticles can improve the stability and performance of the AcoD system. The process optimization and improvement of biogas production still seek further investigations. Furthermore, using advanced simulation approaches and characterization methods of organic wastes can accelerate the transformation to industrializations, and realize the significant improvement of biogas production as a renewable source and economically feasible energy in developing countries, like China. Finally, the review reveals, designing and developing a framework, including various aspects to improve the biogas production is essential.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Ionic liquids (ILs) and deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been suggested as eco-friendly alternatives to organic solvents. A trace amount of water is often unavoidable as impurity, and water is also ...added on purpose to reduce their problematically high viscosity and lower their high price. Understanding the distinct effects of water on the properties of ILs/DESs is highly important. In this review, we collect published experimental and theoretical results for IL/DES-H
2
O systems at varied water concentrations and analyze them. Results from mechanistic studies, thermodynamic modelling and advanced experiments are collected and critically discussed. Six commonly studied IL/DES-H
2
O systems were selected to map experimental observations onto microscopic results obtained in mechanistic studies. A great variety of distinct contours of the excess properties can be observed over the entire compositional range, indicating that the properties of IL/DES-H
2
O systems are highly unpredictable. Mechanistic studies clearly demonstrate that the added H
2
O rapidly changes the heterogeneous 3D structures of pure ILs/DESs, leading to very different properties and behaviour. There are similarities between aqueous electrolytes and IL/DES solutions but the bulky and asymmetric organic cations in ILs/DESs do not conform to the standard salt dissolution and hydration concepts. Thermodynamic modelling previously assumes ILs/DESs to be either a neutral ion-pair or completely dissociated ions, neglecting specific ion hydration effects. A new conceptual framework is suggested for thermodynamic modelling of IL/DES-H
2
O binary systems to enable new technologies for their practical applications.
Comprehensive review of unique effects of water on ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents observed in experimental and theoretical studies.
Nanoparticles@metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) composites have attracted considerable attention in recent years due to the prominent selective catalytic activity. However, it is highly desirable to ...develop a simple and universal way to settle the trade‐off between the catalytic efficiency and selectivity. Herein, by employing the thermal instability of inherent defects, hierarchically porous Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2, Pt@UiO‐66, Pt@ZIF‐8, and Au@ZIF‐8 are successfully constructed after annealing at an appropriate temperature, respectively. The generated mesopores in the MOFs can be located around the external nanoparticle to retain the MOF shell for catalytic selectivity. Finally, when tested in olefin hydrogenation, Pt@UiO‐66‐NH2 shows significantly improved catalytic rate and enhanced dynamic selectivity.
A series of nanoparticles@metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) composites with hierarchical porosity is achieved by employing the thermal instability of inherent defects of the nanoparticles@MOFs. The generated mesopores can be located around the external nanoparticles to retain the MOF shell for catalytic selectivity. When tested in olefin hydrogenation, the resulting nanoparticles@MOFs composites exhibit improved catalytic rate and enhanced dynamic selectivity.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
▶ The paper has investigated the effects of synergistic environmental factors on the growth of
Microcystis in Lake Taihu, China, using a continuous monitoring data covering the period 1992–2002. ▶ ...Eleven years with continuous monthly sampling at 5 stations gives a total of 660 observation data in Lake Taihu, including the environmental data and phytoplankton species. ▶ The paper have tried to present data in a not common way in limnology and to give key physical and nutrients thresholds favoring
Microcystis performance in Lake Taihu, China.
The temporal distribution of bloom-forming cyanobacteria-
Microcystis and its correlation with related physical and chemical variables including the total nitrogen-to-total phosphorus ratio (TN:TP), the ammonium-to-nitrate ratio (NH
4-N:NO
X
-N), water temperature, and pH in the north part of Lake Taihu (Meiliang Bay) were investigated, using a continuous, 11-year record of environmental data (1992–2002) and phytoplankton species. A multivariate statistical analysis, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), revealed a negative correlation between the
Microcystis and TN:TP, and a positive correlation between the
Microcystis and NH
4-N:NO
X
-N, water temperature and pH. Warm water temperature was the principal force driving
Microcystis blooms, which were preceded declining concentrations of nitrogen compounds.
Microcystis tended to dominate (
Microcystis contributed above 50% to total algal mass) in the north part of Lake Taihu during summer when the TN:TP mass ratio was less than 30, NH
4-N:NO
X
-N was below 1, and a critical water temperature ranged from 25
°C to 30
°C, respectively. Meanwhile, suspended solids (SS) concentrations exceeded 10
mg
l
−1 and pH exceeded 8.0 during blooms. Overall, this study advances our understanding of nutrient enrichment and high ambient temperature influences on
Microcystis biomass.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
This study investigated the simultaneous desorption of trace metal elements and polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) from mixed contaminated soil with a novel combination of biosurfactant saponin and ...biodegradable chelant S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS). Results showed significant promotion and synergy on Pb, Cu and PCB desorption with the mixed solution of saponin and EDDS. The maximal desorption of Pb, Cu and PCB were achieved 99.8%, 85.7% and 45.7%, respectively, by addition of 10 mM EDDS and 3000 mg L−1 saponin. The marked interaction between EDDS and saponin contributed to the synergy performance. The sorption of EDDS and saponin on soil was inhibited by each other. EDDS could enhance the complexation of metals with the saponin micelles and the solubilization capabilities of saponin micelles for PCB. Our study suggests the combination of saponin and EDDS would be a promising alternative for remediation of co-contaminated soils caused by hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) and metals.
► A novel combination of biosurfactant saponin and EDDS was used to simultaneously remove mixed contaminations from soil. ► Significant synergy on Pb, Cu and PCB desorption were achieved with EDDS/saponin. ► The marked interaction between EDDS and saponin contributed to the synergy performance.
Significant synergistic effect on Pb, Cu and PCB desorption were achieved with the mixed solution of saponin and EDDS.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Supported metal oxide nanoparticles are important in heterogeneous catalysis; however, the ability to tailor their size, structure, and dispersion remains a challenge. A strategy to achieve ...well‐dispersed and size‐controlled supported metal oxides through the manageable growth of a metal organic framework (Cu–BTC) on TiO2 followed by pyrolysis is described.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
With the rapid development of a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial, the confined liquid binary mixture has attracted increasing attention, which has significant potential in membrane separation. ...Alcohol/water is one of the most common systems in liquid–liquid separation. As one of the most focused systems, recent studies have found that ethanol molecules were preferentially adsorbed on the inner surface of the pore wall and formed an adsorbed ethanol layer under 2D nanoconfinement. To evaluate the effect of the alcohol adsorption layer on the mobility of water molecules, molecular simulations were performed to investigate four types of alcohol/water binary mixtures confined under a 20 Å graphene slit. Residence times of the water molecules covering the alcohol layer were in the order of methanol/water < ethanol/water < 1-propanol/water < 1-butanol/water. Detailed microstructural analysis of the hydrogen bonding (H-bond) network elucidated the underlying mechanism on the molecular scale in which a small average number of H-bonds between the preferentially adsorbed alcohol molecules and the surrounding water molecules could induce a small degree of damage to the H-bond network of the water molecules covering the alcohol layer, resulting in the long residence time of the water molecules.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The research on the adsorption equilibria, kinetics, and increase in process temperature of the volatile organic compound (VOC) adsorption in porous materials ensures safe production, thereby ...reducing production costs and improving separation efficiency. Therefore, it is critical in predicting the entire adsorption process based on minimal or no experimental input of the adsorbate and adsorbent. We discuss, in this review, the factors that affect the adsorption performance of VOCs in activated carbons, including the adsorption equilibrium, adsorption kinetics, and exotherm during adsorption. Subsequently, the existing prediction models are summarized and compared concerning the adsorption equilibrium, adsorption kinetics, and exothermic process of adsorption. We then propose a new prediction model based on intermolecular interaction and provide an outlook toward the design and manipulation of efficient adsorbents for the VOC system.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The behavior of surface water, especially the adsorption and dissociation characteristics, is a key to understanding and promoting photocatalytic and biomedical applications of titanium dioxide ...materials. Using molecular dynamics simulations with the ReaxFF force field, we study the interactions between water and five different TiO2 surfaces that are of interest to both experiments and theoretical calculations. The results show that TiO2 surfaces demonstrate different reactivities for water dissociation rutile (011) > TiO2–B (100) > anatase (001) > rutile (110), and there is no water dissociation observed on the TiO2–B (001) surface. The simulations also reveal that the water dissociation and the TiO2 surface chemistry change, and the new surface Ti–OH and O–H functional groups affect the orientation of other near-surface water molecules. On the reactive surface, such as the rutile (110) surface, water dissociated and formed new Ti–OH and O–H bonds on the surface. Those functional groups enhanced the hydrogen bond networking with the near-surface water molecules and their configurations. On the nonreactive TiO2–B (001) surface where no molecular or dissociative water adsorption is observed, near-surface water can also form hydrogen bonds with surface oxygen atoms of TiO2, but their distance to the surface is longer than that on the rutile (011) surface.
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