It is unknown whether the decreasing prevalence of
infections is associated with the increase in obesity and asthma and allergy. In this study, we assessed if obesity plays an intermediate role ...between
.
infections and allergy.
A population-based, nested case-control study of 10,005 participants within the second Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2), Norway, was performed in 1995-1997. The presence of
was tested by an enzyme immunoassay Pyloriset EIA-IgG, and weight, height, and waist circumference were measured. Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference were used as measures of general and abdominal obesity, respectively. Self-reported asthma and allergic diseases were collected through questionnaires. The odds ratios of
relative to asthma and allergic diseases were estimated by logistic regression models stratified by waist circumference categories.
infection was present in 31%, ever asthma was reported in 10.4% and allergic rhinitis in 16.2%. The mean BMI was 26.4 kg/m
and the mean waist circumference was 86.6 cm.
infection was neither associated with asthma nor allergic diseases. However, when stratified by waist circumference,
infection was associated with 30-40% reduced odds of asthma and 25% reduced odds of allergic diseases in individuals with abdominal obesity (waist circumference ≥86 cm in women and ≥96 cm in men).
infection is associated with reduced risk of asthma and allergy in individuals with abdominal obesity, suggesting a possible causal pathway from reduced
infections through obesity to increased risk of asthma and allergy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background
The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the clinical value of procalcitonin and C‐reactive protein in the diagnosis of adult patients with sepsis.
Method
PubMed, ...Cochrane, Embase, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP database were searched by the index words to identify the qualified prospective studies, and relevant literature sources were also searched. The most recent research was done in the April 2017. The only languages included were English or Chinese. In the experiment group, patients were diagnosed with sepsis, severe sepsis, or septic shock; in the control group, the patients were of noninfectious origin or a systemic inflammatory response syndrome. The diagnostic accuracy was analyzed by heterogeneity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and the summary receiver‐operating characteristic curve.
Results
At least nine studies were involved in the meta‐analysis with 495 patients in the sepsis group and 873 patients in the nonsepsis group. In terms of the diagnostic accuracy of C‐reactive protein (CRP) for sepsis, the overall area under the summary receiver operator characteristic (SROC) curve was 0.73 (95% confidence interval CI, 0.69‐0.77), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.63‐0.90) and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.50‐0.72) respectively, and the DOR was 6.89 (95% CI, 3.86‐12.31). In terms of the diagnostic accuracy of procalcitonin (PCT) for sepsis, the overall area under the SROC curve was 0.85 (95% CI, 0.82‐0.88), with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.69‐0.87) and 0.77 (95% CI, 0.60‐0.88) respectively, and the DOR was 12.50 (95% CI, 3.65‐42.80).
Conclusion
In this meta‐analysis, our results together indicate a moderate degree of value of PCT and CRP for the diagnosis of sepsis in adult patients. The diagnosis accuracy and specificity of PCT are higher than those of CRP.
In this meta‐analysis, our results together indicate a moderate degree of value of PCT and CRP for diagnosis of sepsis in adult patients. The diagnosis accuracy and specificity of PCT are higher than those of CRP.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The use of obesity surgery has increased during the past decade. There is a need for population-based assessments of causes and risk factors for postoperative mortality. The objective of this study ...was to assess causes and risk factors for 1-year mortality after obesity surgery.
This nationwide retrospective population-based cohort study included essentially all obesity surgery patients in Sweden from 1980-2010. Data were collected from Swedish national registries and medical records. Patient characteristics, co-morbidities, and surgical procedures were assessed in relation to 1-year mortality through multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, providing hazard ratios (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, sex, surgical procedure, surgical access, and co-morbidity.
Among 22,487 obesity surgery patients the 1-year cumulative mortality was .38% (n = 85). Follow-up of cohort was complete. Median time of postoperative death was 45 days. Main causes of death included cardiopulmonary complications (myocardial infarction n = 14; 16%, pulmonary embolism n = 12; 14%, sudden cardiac arrest n = 11; 13%), and anastomotic leak (n = 12; 14%). Male sex (HR = 2.31; 95% CI 1.48-3.60), diabetes (HR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.44-4.23), and congestive heart failure (HR = 4.82; 95% CI 2.25-10.35) were independently associated with increased 1-year mortality, while age, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, coronary heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and surgical procedure were not. Open surgery entailed an increased mortality compared to laparoscopic surgery from 2000-2010 (HR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.53-4.83), but not from 1990-1999 (HR = .39; 95% CI .11-1.32).
Although the absolute risk of mortality is low, the increased relative risk of mortality associated with male sex, diabetes, congestive heart failure, and open surgical access could influence clinical decision making.
The aim of this study is to examine whether or not hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) genetic variations are associated with susceptibility to primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) in the Han Chinese ...population.
Three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)-rs5745718, rs17427817, and rs3735520-in the HGF gene were genotyped in 238 adult patients with PACG and 287 age-, sex-, and ethnically matched healthy controls by using a polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. Data was analyzed by χ(2) analysis.
The three tested analyzed polymorphisms in the HGF gene were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, in all the subjects. The frequencies of the genotype and allele of rs5745718 and rs1742817 in the HGF gene were significantly different between the PACG patients and the controls. On one hand, the frequencies of the CC genotype and C allele of rs5745718 were significantly decreased in PACG patients compared with controls (Pc = 1.40×10(-3); Pc = 3.21×10(-4), respectively); however, on the other hand, significantly decreased frequencies of the GG genotype and the G allele of rs17427817 were observed in PACG patients compared with the controls (Pc = 0.006,; Pc = 6.06×10(-4), respectively). A comparison of the distributions of the genotypes and alleles of rs3735520 showed no statistically significant differences between the PACG patients and the controls (pc>0.05). The haplotype analysis results showed that the CGC haplotype frequency was significantly decreased in the patients with PACG compared with the controls (pc<0.001). No difference was detected between the patients and the controls with regard to the other haplotypes.
Our study suggests that rs5745718 and rs17427817 are associated with a decreased risk of PACG in the Chinese Han population. The CGC haplotype was demonstrated to possibly play a protective role against PACG in this population.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Background Oesophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma share a male predominance not seen for other adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract. These sex differences are not explained by known ...risk factors. An endogenous factor, such as premenopausal oestrogen exposure, may act protectively in favour of women and might be detected by scrutinising sex ratios and incidence rates stratified by age. Methods The Swedish Cancer Register was used to collect primary oesophageal, gastric cardia, non-cardia gastric, colonic and pancreatic adenocarcinoma cases aged 25–84, during the study period of 1970–2006. Cases were divided into five-year age groups and crude incidence rates and male: female ratios were calculated. Evaluating potential time period effect, the corresponding results from 1970–1986 and 1987–2006 were also derived. Results The sex ratio for oesophageal adenocarcinoma ranged from approximately 10:1 to 4:1, presenting a seemingly consistent decline with age. The sex ratio for non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma, however, increased with age to reach 2:1 at a point one to two decades after menopause, where the ratio levelled off and eventually declined. There was no discernible time period effect concerning any type of adenocarcinoma. The ratios for gastric cardia, colonic and pancreatic adenocarcinoma were stable with age. Conclusion This study indicates separate patterns of age-dependency of the sex difference in oesophageal and non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma incidence. The non-cardia gastric adenocarcinoma pattern might be due to a protective effect during premenopausal years for the female population, while the seemingly steady decline in sex ratio in oesophageal adenocarcinoma indicates a mechanism independent of menopause.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
High intake of phytoestrogen lignans has been found to be associated with decreased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma in our previous population-based case-control study in Sweden. To further ...evaluate this possible association, we tested the hypothesis of an inverse association between dietary lignan intake and risk of esophageal and gastric adenocarcinoma using a prospective design. In a population-based cohort study in Sweden, 81,670 participants who were cancer-free at baseline were followed up during 1998 to 2009. All participants completed a 96-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), which was used to assess dietary exposure to lignans (secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, lariciresinol, pinoresinol, medioresinol, and syringaresinol). All cases of esophageal, gastroesophageal junctional, and gastric adenocarcinoma were identified through linkage to the Swedish Cancer Register. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI), with adjustment for potential confounding factors. During an average follow-up of 9.9 years, a total of 211 cases were identified, including 83 cases of esophageal or junctional adenocarcinoma, and 128 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma. There was no statistically significant association between dietary intake of lignans and any of the studied adenocarcinomas. Compared with participants in the lowest quartile of lignan intake, the adjusted HR of the highest quartile was 0.96 (95% CI, 0.46-2.00; P(trend) = 0.70) for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastroesophageal junction, and 0.89 (95% CI, 0.52-1.55: P(trend) = 0.78) for gastric adenocarcinoma. No clear support for a protective role of dietary intake of lignans in the development of esophageal or gastric adenocarcinoma was found.
The prevalence and role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the aetiology of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma is uncertain. Based on the presence of HPV in the oral cavity and its causal association ...with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, we hypothesised that HPV is more strongly associated with proximal than distal oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
A population-based study comparing HPV infection in relation to tumour site in patients diagnosed with oesophageal squamous cell carcinomas in the Stockholm County in 1999-2006. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction genotyping (PCR) with Luminex was conducted on pre-treatment endoscopic biopsies to identify type specify HPV. Carcinogenic activity of HPV was assessed by p16(INK4a) expression. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
Among 204 patients, 20 (10%) had tumours harbouring HPV DNA, almost all (90%) of HPV high-risk type, mainly HPV16. Tumours containing HPV were not overrepresented in the upper compared to the middle or lower third of the oesophagus (odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.2-1.9). P16(INK4a) expression was similarly common (24% and 16%) in the HPV-positive and HPV-negative groups.
This study found a limited presence of HPV in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma of uncertain oncogenic relevance and did not demonstrate that HPV was more strongly associated with proximal than distal tumours.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
Cancer patients are highly vulnerable to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Few studies have examined racial disparities of clinical prognosis ...among gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients with COVID-19, especially after the approval of COVID-19 vaccines.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective study based on the University of California COVID Research Data Set (UC CORDS). Patients aged ≥ 18 with GI cancer as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection between March 10, 2020, and May 8, 2022, were included. We examined racial disparities using multivariable logistic regression.
Results
Among the 1054 GI cancer cases included, 117 (11.1%) patients were Asian and Pacific Islander, 51 (4.8%) were Black patients, 377 (35.8%) were Hispanic patients, 403 (38.2%) were White patients, and 106 (10.1%) belonged to other or unknown races. Fully adjusted logistic models revealed a significantly increased risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization or emergency room visits among the Black (OR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.08–4.70), the Hispanic (OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.48–3.39), and the patients of other or unknown races (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.00–3.26) compared with the White patients. No significant racial disparities in 30-day all-cause mortality and mechanical ventilation rate were found. Vaccination, age, cancer type, recent cancer diagnoses in UC CORDS, metastatic cancer or secondary malignant neoplasm, and Charlson comorbidity index score were associated with the prognosis of GI cancer patients with COVID-19.
Conclusions
GI cancer patients belonging to racial minorities experience worse COVID-19 outcomes. Vaccination status is a crucial factor associated with GI cancer patients’ prognosis among different race/ethnicity groups. Targeted communication in the context of cancer is needed to encourage vaccination uptake in this vulnerable population.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The validity of using FFQ to assess dietary lignans is uncertain. We aimed to validate the use of FFQ for the assessment of dietary intake of lignans compared to the serum biomarker enterolactone, ...the main product of dietary lignans' metabolism in human subjects. A random sample of women, aged 55–75 years, from the Swedish Mammography Cohort was selected. Information from two FFQ, the FFQ-87 (sixty-seven food items) and the FFQ-97 (ninety-three food items), and blood samples were collected. Dietary intake of lignans (secoisolariciresinol, matairesinol, lariciresinol, pinoresinol, medioresinol and syringaresinol) was assessed by the FFQ. Serum concentrations of enterolactone were analysed by time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay. The correlation coefficient between energy-adjusted lignan intake and serum enterolactone was estimated in crude and multivariable-adjusted models, taking into account the factors potentially influencing the serum enterolactone. Among the 135 participants aged 55–75 years, with a mean BMI of 26·7 kg/m2, the average energy-adjusted intake of total lignans was 1616 (sd 424) and 1516 (sd 409) μg/d according to the FFQ-87 (forty-five food items containing lignans) and the FFQ-97 (sixty-five food items containing lignans), respectively. The mean concentration of serum enterolactone was 23·2 (sd 15·4) nmol/l. The adjusted Pearson's correlation between dietary intake of lignans assessed by the FFQ-97 and serum enterolactone was statistically significant (r 0·22, P= 0·01). No significant correlation was observed for the FFQ-87 (r 0·09, P= 0·30). The present study indicates that the FFQ-97 might be better than the FFQ-87 for assessing dietary intake of lignans, although the correlation was low.
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