The immune response to laser tattoo removal poses a significant challenge in its management, primarily due to its unpredictable nature, which can range from mild hypersensitivity reactions to severe ...anaphylaxis. Such responses can potentially hinder the effectiveness of laser tattoo removal procedures. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the immune response to tattoo removal using laser techniques is of utmost importance to develop more efficient management strategies. This study aims to address this need by analyzing eight carefully selected articles obtained through a thorough literature review.
To explore the immune response associated with laser techniques in tattoo removal, we employed a rigorous research methodology. A thorough literature review was conducted using reputable search engines such as Google Scholar, SagePub, and PubMed to collect relevant articles. Initially, 788 potential articles were identified through this process. Following meticulous scrutiny, only eight articles that met stringent inclusion criteria were selected for our study. This meticulous selection process ensures that the information presented here is derived from high-quality and pertinent research.
Based on the analysis of the eight selected articles, our findings illuminate the various immune responses that emerge following tattoo removal using laser techniques. These responses include hypersensitivity reactions, allergic manifestations, and, in certain instances, anaphylaxis. Hypersensitivity reactions typically manifested as erythema, edema, and pruritus, while allergic responses were observed in the form of urticaria. In summary, our study highlights that the immune response to laser tattoo removal primarily elicits hypersensitivity and, in some cases, anaphylaxis reactions.
Our study underscores the significance of clinicians being vigilant regarding potential immune responses during laser tattoo removal. It is crucial to closely monitor patients to promptly address any adverse reactions. Further research holds the potential to enhance our understanding, paving the way for improved management strategies that can enhance patient safety and treatment success.
Aeromonas bacteria are often found in aquatic environments and can be isolated from various types of fish. Globally, the incidence of infection by Aeromonas reached 0.6–76 cases per 1 million people. ...Orange and lime are generally used as cooking spices to get rid of the fishy smell in fish, and also have antibacterial effects. The study compared the antibacterial effectiveness of lime and orange extracts on two Aeromonas species; A. sobria and A. hydrophila. Bacteria Aeromonas may emerge from fresh tuna bought in traditional markets. Lime and orange extracts were prepared using the maceration method using 96% methanol as solvent. The extract concentrations used were 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%. Antimicrobial sensitivity test was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer method. The bacterial inhibition zone test revealed that the effectiveness of extracts on both oranges and limes was higher for the bacteria A. hydrophila compared to A. sobria. It is known from the average diameter of the inhibition zone, which is larger on A. hydrophila compared to A. sobria, except for the extract with a concentration of 6.25% orange and 50% lime. In a comparison between extracts, lime extract was found to be more effective as an antimicrobial than orange extract, except at a concentration of 6.5% in the bacterial test A. sobria and 50% concentration in the bacterial test A. hydrophila. In general, lime is more effective as an antimicrobial than orange.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Selais fish (Kryptopterus lais) is a freshwater fish that has high economic value and a high market demand. This species production comes from fishing, and this can cause a decrease in stocks in ...natural habitats. Artificial feed usage in selais cultivation is still an obstacle and also there is a lack of information in relation to the nutritonal needs of the species. Dedicated feed for selais fish is not yet available on the market, because the information about the feeding habits of the species is limited. The hormonal manipulation techniques are used to improve the quality of production for some freshwater fish. Hormones that are known to have a positive effect on fish growth are thyroxine (T4) and growth hormone. The aim of this research is to study the quality of feed in increasing fish growth by adding thyroxine hormone. The method of this research is experimental with Completely Randomized Design (CRD), 4 treatments and 4 replications. Four dosses of thyroxine hormone are used as control (A), 0,04 mg/kg (B), 0,06 mg/kg (C), and 0,08 mg/kg (D). The organoleptic test showed that the addition of thyroxine hormone with different doses resulted in the same feed quality and physical test showed that the addition of thyroxine hormone to artificial feed with different doses resulted in different feed quality. The results of the proximate analysis showed that the nutritional content of the test feed was within the range of the requirement of selais fish. The addition of the thyroxine hormone with various doses in artificial feed did not significantly affect the growth in weight and length of the selais fish.
