The article describes the main aspects of the great thinker of the Renaissance, Nicolo Machiavelli, who approached the role played by the personality of the governor. Starting from the realities of ...his time in feudal Italy with a fragmented territory, he considers that it is better to have a powerful prince in a unified sovereign country, even if he has no remorse than some competing rival rulers. From a historical perspective, Machiavelli is shown as a cynical refined man, who considers the basis of the political conduct to be the advantage (interest) and force, and that in politics one should rely on force not on morality, which can be ignored when aiming at a noble goal. However, it is to be mentioned that Machiavelli was not the first to speak about the fact that social contradictions represent one of the basic elements of society life. Before him, Plato and Aristotle dealt with this, but Machiavelli was the first after the thinkers of Antiquity who tried to establish a connection between the processes taking place in society and those of the political system.
В статье обосновывается соотношение содержания учения Никколо Макиавелли и «макиавеллизма» как объекта психологической науки. Выявлено влияние идей Макиавелли на теорию и методологию изучения ...личности в психологии. Показано, что идеи Макиавелли о природе человека получили дальнейшее развитие в культурно-исторической концепции Л.С. Выготского о развитии высших психический функций человека и субъективно-деятельностном подходе, обосновывающем способность человека к самодетерминации (С.Л. Рубинштейн, А.Н. Леонтьев, А.В. Брушлинский). Установлено, что изучение макиавеллизма в психологии основывается на положении о деятельности как процессе внутреннего противоречия и об относительной самостоятельности единиц деятельности: действия, операции (предметной деятельности), мотивы, цели, условия (внутренней деятельности).IMPACTUL IDEILOR LUI NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI DESPRE NATURA UMANĂ ASUPRA TEORIEI ŞI METODOLOGIEI STUDIERII PERSONALITĂŢII ÎN PSIHOLOGIEÎn articol este fundamentat raportul dintre învăţătura lui Niccolo Machiavelli şi „machiavelismul” ca obiect al ştiinţei psihologice. Se dezvăluie influenţa ideilor lui Machiavelli asupra teoriei şi metodologiei studierii personalităţii în psihologie. Se arătă că ideile lui Machiavelli despre natura umană au fost dezvoltate în teoria cultural-istorică a lui L.S. Vâgotsky despre dezvoltarea funcţiilor psihice superioare ale omului şi în abordarea activităţii subiectului, care justifică capacitatea lui la autodeterminare (S.L. Rubinstein, A.N. Leontiev, A.V. Brushlinskii). S-a constatat că studiul machiavelismului în psihologie se bazează pe noţiunea de activitate, perceput ca proces contradictoriu, şi pe ideea autonomiei relative a unităţilor activităţii – acţiuni şi operaţii (activitate obiectuală), motivaţie, scop şi condiţii (activitatea internă).
Aproape în fiecare zi, omul este afectat de diferite tipuri de factori de stres și de necesitatea de a găsi soluții optime în varietatea de situații de viața. Căutarea activă a unei soluții la ...dificultățile existente îl ajută să-și mențină sănătatea fizică și psihică. În acest articol vom lua în considerare caracteristicile vitalității și ale activității de căutare, ca componente ale succesului de a înfrunta stresul și, de asemenea, vom analiza modul în care vitalitatea este legată de diferite tipuri de intelect.SPECIALITY OF HARDINESS, EMOTIONAL INTELLECT AND SEARCHING ACTIVITY AS FACTORS OF COPING BEHAVIORAlmost every day a person is exposed to different types of stress and necessity to search for optimal solutions in real-life situations. Active search for a solution to the occurred problems helps one to preserve his physical and mental health. In this article we will examine speciality of hardiness, emotional intellect and “searching activity” as factors of stress coping and analyse how resilience is connected to different types of intellect.
Рассматривается процесс самопрезентации субъекта в интернет-среде как один из факторов формирования социально-психологической идентичности личности на фоне восприятия и переживания людьми проблемы ...«неравенства доходов населения» в современном мире.
IDENTITATEA ŞI PERCEPŢIA INEGALITĂŢII VENITURILOR DE CĂTRE UTILIZATORII INTERNETULUI
Procesul de autoprezentare a subiectului în mediul Internet se consideră a fi unul dintre factorii care modelează identitatea sociopsihologică a personalității pe fondul percepției și experienței oamenilor cu privire la problema „inegalității veniturilor” în lumea contemporană.
În psihologie nu există o abordare teoretică generalizată a înțelegerii fenomenului „victima” ca bază a programelor preventive și terapeutice pentru persoanele afectate de diferite tipuri de factori ...adverși. Acest fapt provoacă dificultăți atât în plan teoretic, cât și în plan aplicat, la etapele de cercetare a fenomenului și de asistență psihologică a victimei. În articol este efectuată analiza cercetărilor aplicate ale fenomenului „victimă” care atestă existența problemei în acest domeniu.THE PROBLEM OF STUDYING THE “VICTIM” PERSONALITY IN PSYCHOLOGYThere is not a single generalized theoretical approach to understanding the phenomenon of “victim” as the basis for preventive and therapeutic programs to support individuals affected by various types of adverse factors in psychology. This fact causes difficulties in both the theoretical and applied level, at the stages of researching the phenomenon and the psychological assistance to the victim. The article contains the analysis of applied researches of the “victim” phenomenon that shows the existing problem in this area.
This article describes the topic basing on conception of quality of human life as a formation of mature interpersonal relationships, and the problem of mutual understanding in the communication ...process. Personal characteristics of a human are forming and self-creating, and need some special “mechanism”, which is the society, and a special “tool” - interpersonal relationships. The reality of human entity, that is, the central semantic characteristics of a human being as of a personality, is tied with its way of relating to another person, to the whole world. Relationship between the personality and the surrounding reality are defined by values and orientations, understanding (intimate, confessional communication), the ability to be tolerant to the differences between people, belonging, awe and gratitude.
In the broadest sense, the manipulation can be s een as a way to achieve personal goals during human interaction. Machiavellianism is a strategy when individuals are turning to approach, which ...assesses the effectiveness of their interaction through ethical and moral norms. Machiavellianism - a personality trait that refl ects, inter alia, the ability or readiness of an individual to use manipulation, deception, and other unethical strategical argumentation during the communication and interaction. Present article presents the results of research about the orientation of the person, inclined to manipulation in interpersonal relations. The results suggest that the manifestation machiavellianism depends on the prevalence in the personality structure such properties as selfi shness and focus on themselves to the detriment of focus on the case; willpower they manifested through the power as the potential of infl uence and focuses on communication, for which the person is not liable.
This article is describing the problem of gelotofobia – fear to be laughed at, and its manifestations in human character and behavior. Basing on the analysis of existing psychological literature, is ...widened the integral concept of gelotophobia, and individual-typological features of a person, prone to gelotofobia. In this research the problem gelotofobia is describe din its relation with the manifestations of accentuations of character and specifics in the usage of defense mechanisms. The obtained empirical data canbe used by psychologist sand educator sin counseling individuals who are prone to gelotofobia
This article describes the topic basing on different directions, especially on the essence of health development, which must be correlated with the problem of essence and human nature. The integral ...(general) mental component of health is the most sensible, and, in the same time the most flexible for all social actions, and is formed under their direct influence. The basic structural element of identity is self-determination which constitutes some decisions about human personality, life values. They can be internalized as parent’s expectations (early identification) or formed after overcoming the identity crisis (achieved identity).
В статье обосновывается положение о необходимости исследования феномена макиавеллизма в психологии
с точки зрения системного анализа. Развитие активности субъекта как творца своей жизни закономерно ...пред-
полагает признание им других людей как равноправных субъектов, обладающих теми же правами, что и он сам.
Тактику поведения определяет позиция человека в системе межличностных отношений, при которых неизбежно
возникают противоречия между личными интересами и желаниями других людей. При построении программы
исследования феномена макиавеллизма следует учитывать тот факт, что определенные формы деятельности
небольших социальных групп порождают свои специфические, только им присущие «конфигурации» сознания
людей, реализующих эту деятельность. Истина о человеке как социальной единице (родовом индивиде), о чело-
веке как личности может быть раскрыта объективно лишь через исследование его прошлого – истории челове-
чества. Показано, что системный анализ не отвергает, а напротив, предполагает изучение данного феномена на
основе принципа толерантности к неопределенности в принятии решений.BASIC PRINCIPLES OF THE OPERATIONAL ANALOGY IN RESEARCH OF THE MACHIAVELLIANISM PHENOMENON IN PSYCHOLOGY
The article explains the position of the need to study the phenomenon of Machiavellianism in psychology from the
perspective of system analysis. Development of the activity of the subject as creator of his life naturally presupposes
recognition of others as equal subjects, possessing the same rights as himself. Tactics of behavior are determined by the
position of the person in the system of interpersonal relationships, where inevitably arise different contradictions
between personal interests and desires of other people. In the construction of the program of research the phenomenon of
Machiavellianism must be taken in consideration the fact that certain forms of activity of small social groups generate
their own specific "configuration" of consciousness of people who realize this activity. The truth about man as a social
unit (ancestral individual) about a man as a person can be revealed only through an objective study of its past - the history
of mankind. It is shown that the systematic analysis does not reject, but rather involves the study of this phenomenon on
the basis of the principle of tolerance for uncertainty in decision making.
