The study focuses on a subject that has, as yet, received little scholarly attention: the humanist reform attempts at the University of Vienna from the mid-1450s until the appointment of Conrad ...Celtis as professor in 1497. Unprinted files are available as source material from the faculty of arts, allowing for a re-evaluation of the supposed conflict between a seemingly conservative faculty of artists and ʻmodernʼ humanist poets as well as between representatives of an assumed Italian or German humanism.
Background & Aims This study aimed to analyze the mechanical properties of the esophagus in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) using the functional luminal imaging probe (EndoFLIP; Crospon Medical ...Devices, Galway, Ireland). Methods Thirty-three EoE patients (22 male; age range, 23–67 years) and 15 controls (6 male; age range, 21–68 years) were included. Subjects were evaluated during endoscopy with the EndoFLIP probe, comprised of a compliant cylindrical bag (maximal diameter 25 mm) with 16 impedance planimetry segments. Stepwise bag distensions from 2 to 40 mL were conducted and the associated intrabag pressure and intraluminal geometry were analyzed. Results The EndoFLIP clearly displayed the tubular esophageal geometry and detected esophageal narrowing and localized strictures. Stepwise distension progressively opened the esophageal lumen until a distension plateau was reached such that the narrowest cross-sectional area (CSA) of the esophagus maximized despite further increases in intra-bag pressure. The esophageal distensibility (CSA vs pressure) was reduced in EoE patients ( P = .02) with the distension plateau of EoE patients substantially lower than that of controls (median: CSA 267 mm2 vs 438 mm2 ; P < .01). Mucosal eosinophil count, age, sex, and current proton pump inhibitor treatment did not predict this limiting caliber of the esophagus ( P ≥ 0.20). Conclusions Esophageal distensibility, defined by the change in the narrowest measurable CSA within the distal esophagus vs intraluminal pressure was significantly reduced in EoE patients compared with controls. Measuring esophageal distensibility may be an important adjunct to the management of EoE, as it is capable of providing an objective means to measure the outcomes of medical or dilation therapy.
Background The manometric diagnosis of distal esophageal spasm (DES) uses “simultaneous contractions” as a defining criterion, ignoring the concept of short latency distal contractions as an ...important feature. Our aim was to apply standardized metrics of contraction velocity and latency to high-resolution esophageal pressure topography (EPT) studies to refine the diagnosis of DES. Methods Two thousand consecutive EPT studies were analyzed for contractile front velocity (CFV) and distal latency to identify patients potentially having DES. Normal limits for CFV and distal latency were established from 75 control subjects. Clinical data of patients with reduced distal latency and/or rapid CFV were reviewed. Results Of 1070 evaluable patients, 91 (8.5%) had a high CFV and/or low distal latency. Patients with only rapid contractions (n = 186 17.4% using conventional manometry criteria; n = 85 7.9% using EPT criteria) were heterogeneous in diagnosis and symptoms, with the majority ultimately categorized as weak peristalsis or normal. In contrast, 96% of patients with premature contraction had dysphagia, and all (n = 24; 2.2% overall) were ultimately managed as spastic achalasia or DES. Conclusions The current DES diagnostic paradigm focused on “simultaneous contractions” identifies a large heterogeneous set of patients, most of whom do not have a clinical syndrome suggestive of esophageal spasm. Incorporating distal latency into the diagnostic algorithm of EPT studies improves upon this by isolating disorders of homogeneous pathophysiology: DES with short latency and spastic achalasia. We hypothesize that prioritizing measurement of distal latency will refine the management of these disorders, recognizing that outcomes trials are necessary.
This publication offers an edition of the “Royal court book” in full text. It starts with a foreword by Bernhard Diestelkamp, who underlines the central importance of this source for research. In the ...extensive analysis that follows, the applicant classifies the book into legal and cultural-historical research.
Die vorliegende Publikation bietet den vollständigen Wortlaut des Königlichen Gerichtsbuchs im Volltext. Sie wird mit einem Vorwort von Bernhard Diestelkamp eingeleitet, der die zentrale Bedeutung dieser Quelle für die Forschung unterstreicht. In der darauffolgenden umfangreichen Analyse ordnet der Antragsteller das Buch in die rechts- und kulturhistorische Forschung ein.
The study focuses on a subject that has, as yet, received little scholarly attention: the humanist reform attempts at the University of Vienna from the mid-1450s until the appointment of Conrad ...Celtis as professor in 1497. Unprinted files are available as source material from the faculty of arts, allowing for a re-evaluation of the supposed conflict between a seemingly conservative faculty of artists and ʻmodernʼ humanist poets as well as between representatives of an assumed Italian or German humanism.
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