Objectives/Hypothesis
Massive epistaxis due to ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the internal carotid artery (ICA) is an often fatal complication of radiation treatment for patients with nasopharyngeal ...carcinoma. We review the clinical characteristics and predictors of survival in patients suffering from this serious complication after radiotherapy.
Study Design
Retrospective case series.
Methods
Clinical records and radiological investigations of postirradiated NPC patients with ICA pseudoaneurysm diagnosed with digital subtraction angiography in Queen Mary Hospital from January 2003 to December 2012 were reviewed. Risk factors analyzed for survival included gender, size of initial tumor, history of second course of radiotherapy, history of previous maxillary swing nasopharyngectomy, presence of persistent disease, successful initial hemostasis, successful airway control, and endovascular treatment.
Results
Twenty‐six were included in the analysis. Twenty‐three patients underwent endovascular treatment, and 20 (87%) had successful control of the bleeding. Eighteen (69%) patients survived. Univariate analysis showed that successful temporary control of bleeding and airway control were associated with survival.
Conclusions
Prompt bleeding control and airway management is necessary to improve survival. Endovascular treatment is a good definitive treatment option with a high success rate.
Level of Evidence
4 Laryngoscope 124:2292–2296, 2014
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent the leading edge of cancer research, and have been implicated in cancer biogenesis and prognosis. We aimed to identify lncRNA signatures that have ...prognostic values in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Using a lncRNA-mining approach, we performed lncRNA expression profiling in 213 GBM tumors from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), randomly divided into a training (n = 107) and a testing set (n = 106). We analyzed the associations between lncRNA signatures and clinical outcome in the training set, and validated the findings in the testing set. We also validated the identified lncRNA signature in another two independent GBM data sets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), which contained specimens from 68 and 101 patients, respectively. We identified a set of six lncRNAs that were significantly associated with the overall survival in the training set ( P ≤ 0.01). Based on this six-lncRNA signature, the training-set patients could be classified into high-risk and low-risk subgroups with significantly different survival (HR = 2.13, 95% CI = 1.38–3.29; P = 0.001). The prognostic value of this six-lncRNA signature was confirmed in the testing set and the two independent data sets. Further analysis revealed that the prognostic value of this signature was independent of age and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation status. The identification of the prognostic lncRNAs indicates the potential roles of lncRNAs in GBM pathogenesis. This six-lncRNA signature may have clinical implications in the subclassification of GBM.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Objective To investigate the antiangiogenesis mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) in an endometriosis model in vivo. Design Animal studies. Setting University laboratory. Animal(s) Human ...endometrium from women with endometriosis (n = 10) was transplanted into immunocompromised mice. Intervention(s) Mice (n = 30) were randomly treated with EGCG, vitamin E (antioxidant control), or vehicle (negative control) for microvessel imaging. Main Outcome Measure(s) Endometriotic implants were collected for angiogenesis microarray and pathway analysis. Differentially expressed angiogenesis molecules were confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Effects of EGCG on angiogenesis signal transduction were further characterized in a human endothelial cell line. Microvessel parameters and the angiogenesis signaling pathway in endometriotic implants and endothelial cells were studied. Result(s) EGCG, but not vitamin E, inhibited microvessels in endometriotic implants. EGCG selectively suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) and tyrosine kinase receptor VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) expression. EGCG down-regulated VEGFC/VEGFR2 signaling through c-JUN, interferon-γ, matrix metalloproteinase 9, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 3 pathways for endothelial proliferation, inflammatory response, and mobility. EGCG also suppressed VEGFC expression and reduced VEGFR2 and ERK activation in endothelial cells. VEGFC supplementation attenuated the inhibitory effects by EGCG. Conclusion(s) EGCG inhibited angiogenesis and suppressed VEGFC/VEGFR2 expression and signaling pathway in experimental endometriosis in vivo and endothelial cells in vitro.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To evaluate the midterm clinical and angiographic outcomes after pipeline embolization device (PED) placement for treatment of intracranial aneurysms.
This prospective nonrandomized multicenter study ...was approved by the review boards of all involved centers; informed consent was obtained. Patients (143 patients, 178 aneurysms) with unruptured saccular or fusiform aneurysms or recurrent aneurysms after previous treatment were included and observed angiographically for up to 18 months and clinically for up to 3 years. Study endpoints included complete aneurysm occlusion; neurologic complications within 30 days and up to 3 years; clinical outcome of cranial nerve palsy after PED placement; angiographic evidence of occlusion or stenosis of parent artery and that of occlusion of covered side branches at 6, 12, and 18 months; and clinical and computed tomographic evidence of perforator infarction.
There were five (3.5%) cases of periprocedural death or major stroke (modified Rankin Scale mRS > 3) (95% confidence interval CI: 1.3%, 8.4%), including two posttreatment delayed ruptures, two intracerebral hemorrhages, and one thromboembolism. Five (3.5%) patients had minor neurologic complications within 30 days (mRS = 1) (95% CI: 1.3%, 8.4%), including transient ischemic attack (n = 2), small cerebral infarction (n = 2), and cranial nerve palsy (n = 1). Beyond 30 days, there was one fatal intracerebral hemorrhage and one transient ischemic attack. Ten of 13 patients (95% CI: 46%, 93.8%) completely recovered from symptoms of cranial nerve palsy within a median of 3.5 months. Angiographic results at 18 months revealed a complete aneurysm occlusion rate of 84% (49 of 58; 95% CI: 72.1%, 92.2%), with no cases of parent artery occlusion, parent artery stenosis (<50%) in three patients, and occlusion of a covered side branch in two cases (posterior communicating arteries). Perforator infarction did not occur.
PED placement is a reasonably safe and effective treatment for intracranial aneurysms. The treatment is promising for aneurysms of unfavorable morphologic features, such as wide neck, large size, fusiform morphology, incorporation of side branches, and posttreatment recanalization, and should be considered a first choice for treating unruptured aneurysms and recurrent aneurysms after previous treatments.
http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12120422/-/DC1.
Both artificial intelligence (AI) and distal attachment devices have been shown to improve adenoma detection rate and reduce miss rate during colonoscopy. We studied the combined effect of Endocuff ...and AI on enhancing detection rates of various colonic lesions.
This was a 3-arm prospective randomized colonoscopy study involving patients aged 40 years or older. Participants were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to undergo Endocuff with AI, AI alone, or standard high-definition (HD) colonoscopy. The primary outcome was adenoma detection rate (ADR) between the Endocuff-AI and AI groups while secondary outcomes included detection rates of polyp (PDR), sessile serrated lesion (sessile detection rate SDR), and advanced adenoma (advanced adenoma detection rate) between the 2 groups.
A total of 682 patients were included (mean age 65.4 years, 52.3% male), with 53.7% undergoing diagnostic colonoscopy. The ADR for the Endocuff-AI, AI, and HD groups was 58.7%, 53.8%, and 46.3%, respectively, while the corresponding PDR was 77.0%, 74.0%, and 61.2%. A significant increase in ADR, PDR, and SDR was observed between the Endocuff-AI and AI groups (ADR difference: 4.9%, 95% CI: 1.4%-8.2%, P = 0.03; PDR difference: 3.0%, 95% CI: 0.4%-5.8%, P = 0.04; SDR difference: 6.4%, 95% CI: 3.4%-9.7%, P < 0.01). Both Endocuff-AI and AI groups had a higher ADR, PDR, SDR, and advanced adenoma detection rate than the HD group (all P < 0.01).
Endocuff in combination with AI further improves various colonic lesion detection rates when compared with AI alone.
Abstract Glioma is the commonest form of primary brain tumor in adults with varying malignancy grades and histological subtypes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a novel class of non-protein-coding ...transcripts that have been shown to play important roles in cancer development. To discover novel tumor-related lncRNAs and determine their associations with glioma subtypes, we first applied a lncRNA classification pipeline to identify 1970 lncRNAs that were represented on Affymetrix HG-U133 Plus 2.0 array. We then analyzed the lncRNA expression patterns in a set of previously published glioma gene expression profiles of 268 clinical specimens, and identified sets of lncRNAs that were unique to different histological subtypes (astrocytic versus oligodendroglial tumors) and malignancy grades. These lncRNAs signatures were then subject to validation in another non-overlapping, independent data set that contained 157 glioma samples. This is the first reported study that correlates lncRNA expression profiles with malignancy grade and histological differentiation in human gliomas. Our findings indicate the potential roles of lncRNAs in the biogenesis, development and differentiation of gliomas, and provide an important platform for future studies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The goal of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is to restore the preinjury level of knee function to return to play (RTP). However, even after completing the rehabilitation programme, ...some patients may have persistent quadriceps muscle weakness affecting knee function which ultimately leads to a failure in returning to play. Vitamin D has been long recognized for its musculoskeletal effects. Vitamin D deficiency may impair muscle strength recovery after ACLR. Correcting vitamin D levels may improve muscle strength.
This is a double-blinded, randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation during the post-operative period on quadriceps muscle strength in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-injured patients. Patients aged 18-50 with serum vitamin D < 20 ng/ml, unilateral ACL injury, > 90% deficit in total quadriceps muscle volume on the involved leg compared with uninvolved leg, Tegner score 7 + , and no previous knee injury/surgery will be recruited. To assess patient improvement, we will perform isokinetic and isometric muscle assessments, ultrasound imaging for quadriceps thickness, self-reported outcomes, KT-1000 for knee laxity, biomechanical analysis, and Xtreme CT for bone mineral density. To investigate the effect of vitamin D status on quadriceps strength, blood serum samples will be taken before and after intervention.
Patients with low vitamin D levels had greater quadriceps fibre cross-sectional area loss and impaired muscle strength recovery after ACL. The proposed study will provide scientific support for using vitamin D supplementation to improve quadriceps strength recovery after ACLR.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05174611. Registered on 28 November 2021.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) is the preferred treatment for eligible patients with acute large vessel occlusions (LVOs). However, its role in very elderly patients remains uncertain. This study ...retrospectively analysed EVT outcomes, including successful reperfusion, change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at 24 h after EVT, inpatient haemorrhagic transformation and favourable functional outcomes and mortality at 90 days after EVT in patients aged over 80 years. The primary outcome of the study was risk factors significantly associated with poorer functional outcomes at 90 days after EVT. The secondary outcomes were risk factors associated with higher NIHSS scores at 24 h after EVT and higher mortality rates at 90 days after EVT. Among the 73 octo‐ and nonagenarians, successful reperfusion was achieved in 86.3%, and up to 35.6% maintained functional independence at 90 days. Poorer outcomes were associated with internal carotid artery occlusion; risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus and atrial fibrillation; higher admission NIHSS score; longer time between symptom onset and successful reperfusion and unsuccessful reperfusion. EVT is both safe and effective in our elderly population, with over one‐third of very elderly patients achieving satisfactory functional outcomes after EVT. Therefore, age alone should not be the sole criterion for excluding very elderly LVO patients from EVT. Instead, each patient should undergo individual assessment based on their premorbid condition, clinical presentation and LVO characteristics before making a treatment decision.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
CD26, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, was discovered firstly as a membrane-associated peptidase on the surface of leukocyte. We previously demonstrated that a subpopulation of CD26+ cells were associated ...with the development of distant metastasis, enhanced invasiveness and chemoresistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). In order to understand the clinical impact of CD26, the expression was investigated in CRC patient's specimens. This study investigated the prognostic significance of tumour CD26 expression in patients with CRC. Examination of CD26+ cells has significant clinical impact for the prediction of distant metastasis development in colorectal cancer, and could be used as a selection criterion for further therapy.
Tumour CD26 expression levels were studied by immunohistochemistry using Formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissues in 143 patients with CRC. Tumour CD26 expression levels were correlated with clinicopathological features of the CRC patients. The prognostic significance of tumour tissue CD26 expression levels was assessed by univariate and multivariate analyses.
CD26 expression levels in CRC patients with distant metastasis were significantly higher than those in non-metastatic. High expression levels of CD26 were significantly associated with advanced tumour staging. Patients with a high CD26 expression level had significantly worse overall survival than those with a lower level (p<0.001).
The expression of CD26 was positively associated with clinicopathological correlation such as TNM staging, degree of differentiation and development of metastasis. A high CD26 expression level is a predictor of poor outcome after resection of CRC. CD26 may be a useful prognostic marker in patients with CRC.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) represent a novel class of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that have been shown to have a deregulated expression in several cancers, although their clinical significance ...in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. With an aim of delineating the piRNA distribution in CRC, we conducted a systematic discovery and validation of piRNAs within two clinical cohorts. In the discovery phase, we profiled tumor and adjacent normal tissues from 18 CRC patients by deep sequencing and identified a global piRNA downregulation in CRC. Moreover, we identified
as an unexplored piRNA that was significantly overexpressed in CRC. Using qPCR, we validated the overexpression of
in 87 CRC patients. Additionally, we identified a significant association between a high expression of
and an aggressive CRC phenotype including poor differentiation, presence of distant metastases, and a higher stage. Lastly, ROC analysis demonstrated a strong diagnostic power of
in discriminating CRC patients from normal subjects. Taken together, this study provides one of the earliest large-scale reports of the global distribution of piRNAs in CRC. In addition,
was identified as a likely oncogene in CRC that can serve as a biomarker or a therapeutic target.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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