We utilize steady-state and transient optical spectroscopies to examine the responses of nonthermal quasiparticles with respect to orbital modifications in normal-state iron-chalcogenide ...superconductors. The dynamics shows the emergence of gaplike quasiparticles (associated with a ~36 meV energy gap) with a coincident transfer of the optical spectral weight in the visible range, at temperatures above the structural distortion. Our observations suggest that opening of the high-temperature gap and the lattice symmetry breaking are possibly driven by short-range orbital and/or charge orders, implicating a close correlation between electronic nematicity and precursor order in iron-based superconductors.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Neuronal atrophy and alterations of synaptic structure and function in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of depression, but the underlying molecular ...mechanisms are largely unknown. The protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ), a brain-specific atypical protein kinase C isoform, is important for maintaining long-term potentiation and storing memory. In the present study, we explored the role of PKMζ in mPFC in two rat models of depression, chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) and learned helplessness. The involvement of PKMζ in the antidepressant effects of conventional antidepressants and ketamine were also investigated. We found that chronic stress decreased the expression of PKMζ in the mPFC and hippocampus but not in the orbitofrontal cortex. Overexpression of PKMζ in mPFC prevented the depressive-like and anxiety-like behaviors induced by CUS, and reversed helplessness behaviors. Inhibition of PKMζ in mPFC by expressing a PKMζ dominant-negative mutant induced depressive-like behaviors after subthreshold unpredictable stress and increased learned helplessness behavior. Furthermore, stress-induced deficits in synaptic proteins and decreases in dendritic density and the frequency of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents in the mPFC were prevented by PKMζ overexpression and potentiated by PKMζ inhibition in subthreshold stress rats. The antidepressants fluoxetine, desipramine and ketamine increased PKMζ expression in mPFC and PKMζ mediated the antidepressant effects of ketamine. These findings identify PKMζ in mPFC as a critical mediator of depressive-like behavior and antidepressant response, providing a potential therapeutic target in developing novel antidepressants.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
It is challenging to simultaneously achieve nearly full density and high strength in refractory alloys using selective laser melting (SLM). In this study, the achievement of ultrahigh-strength ...resulting from nearly full density has been reported in beta-type titanium alloy by controlling the melt pool mode in SLM. The melt pool mode was divided into the conduction and keyhole modes, which were determined from the macroscopic morphology of the melt pool in the SLMed Ti-34.2Nb-6.8Zr-4.9Ta-2.3Si (wt%) (TNZTS) alloy single tracks in combination with the keyhole threshold (P·V−0.5 = 251.3 W (m⋅s−1)−0.5) calculated theoretically. Compared with condition mode, the keyhole mode has higher porosity and inevitably causes poor mechanical property. Fortunately, by optimizing the SLM process parameters predicted via the keyhole threshold, an ultrahigh-strength and nearly full density (99.7%) TNZTS alloy with conduction mode was obtained by SLM. The alloy exhibited an ultrahigh compressive yield strength of 1286 MPa, which was higher than the majority of the beta-type titanium alloys reported so far. The microstructural analyses indicated that the ultrahigh-strength TNZTS alloy consisted of a thin shell-shaped (Ti, Nb, Zr)2Si (S2) phase (20–50 nm) around the columnar β-Ti grain boundaries together with an ultrafine dot shaped (Ti, Nb, Zr)5Si3 (S1) phase (50–300 nm) in the β-Ti matrix. The ultrahigh strength resulted from high-density dislocations and the effective dislocation blockage by the semi-coherent S1 and coherent S2 phases, thereby leading to the dislocation-strengthening and hardening effect. The strategy utilized in this study provides the fundamental guidelines for generating refractory metallic alloys with high density and excellent performance.
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GEOZS, IMTLJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Depolymerisation of lignin to aromatics is a challenging task. We herein report that a Cu(OAc)2/BF3.OEt2 catalyst is effective in simultaneously cleaving C-C bonds in beta -1 and beta -O-4 ketones, ...yielding esters and phenols. In-depth studies show that C-H bond activation is the rate determining step for C-C bond cleavage. BF3.OEt2 promotes the reaction via activating the beta -C-H bond. This study offers the potential to obtain aromatic esters from lignin.
Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) had been analysed in many kind of tumours, but its role of predict the oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients’ ...prognosis was not reach a consensus. Relationship between NLR, PLR and ESCC located in the middle or lower segment was evaluated. 317 patients with ESCC who underwent attempted curative oesophagectomy were analysed in this study. 157 and 98 patients had elevated NLR and PLR respectively (NLR >3.3 and PLR >150). The median overall survival time (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) was 34.1 and 19.2 months respectively. Multivariate analysis found PLR >150 (P = 0.018, HR 1.426, 95%CI 1.063–1.912) accompanied by male, lymphatic metastases, tumour size more than 3 cm, tumour located at middle segment and poor differentiation were associated with significantly worse DFS. Meanwhile, gender, lymphatic metastases, tumour location and differentiation along with PLR >150 (P = 0.003, HR 1.595, 95% CI 1.172–2.170) and NLR>3.3 (P = 0.039, HR 1.367, 95% CI 1.015–1.840) were all independent prognostic factors for OS. Preoperative NLR and PLR might be used as predictive factors in patients with ESCC. For DFS, elevated PLR compared to NLR may have an advantage to indicate poor prognosis.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
We present the discovery and timing results of four pulsars discovered in a pilot survey at intermediate Galactic latitudes with the Five-hundred Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST). Among ...these pulsars, two belong to the category of millisecond pulsars (MSPs) with spin periods of less than 20 ms. The other two fall under the classification of “mildly recycled” pulsars, with massive white dwarfs as companions. Remarkably, this small survey, covering an area of 4.7 deg
2
, led to the discovery of four recycled pulsars. Such success underscores the immense potential of future surveys at intermediate Galactic latitudes. In order to assess the potential yield of MSPs, we conducted population simulations and found that both FAST and Parkes new phased array feed surveys, focusing on intermediate Galactic latitudes, have the capacity to uncover several hundred new MSPs.
The passion fruit peel (PFP) is the by-product of juice processing and is rich in phenolic compounds and dietary fibers. As the high ADF content in PFP (34.20%), we proceeded to treat PFP with ...cellulase. The ADF decreased to 16.70% after enzymatic processing, and we supposed that enzymolytic passion fruit peel (EPF) should have a greater growth performance than PFP to broilers. Two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary PFP or EPF supplementation on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, meat quality, and cecal short-chain fatty acids, microbiota, and metabolites in broilers. In Exp. 1, 180 1-day-old Sanhuang broilers (male, 36.17 ± 2.47 g) were randomly allocated into 3 treatments, with 6 replicates in each treatment. The 3 experimental diets included 1 basal diet (control) and 2 PFP-added diets supplemented with 1 and 2% PFP, respectively. The trial lasted for 42 d. In Exp. 2, 144 Sanhuang broilers (male, 112-day-old, 1.62 ± 0.21 kg) were randomly allocated to 3 treatments. Each treatment was distributed among 6 pens, and each pen contained 8 broilers. The 3 treatment diets included: a control diet, a positive control diet supplementing 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline, and the experimental diet supplementing 3% EPF. The trial lasted for 56 d. Results showed that dietary 1 and 2% PFP addition did not affect growth performance in Exp. 1, and the 3% EPF supplementation had a negative effect on ADFI (P < 0.05) in Exp. 2. A decreased serum triglyceride (P < 0.05) in broilers was observed in Exp. 1. Broilers fed EPF had a higher glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) (P < 0.05), and lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P < 0.05) and glucose (P < 0.05) in Exp. 2. We also found that broilers from PFP or EPF-treated treatments had an increased butyrate content and higher microbial diversity in the cecum. The effects of antioxidation, anti-inflammatory function, and elevated SCFAs were confirmed after the microbe and untargeted metabolomic analysis. Dietary EPF supplementation significantly increased the SCFA-generating bacteria, anti-inflammatory-related bacteria, the antioxidant-related and anti-inflammatory-related metabolites. Moreover, dietary 3% EPF addition positively affects the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids, which strongly correlate with the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. In conclusion, the proper addition level did not affect the growth performance, and the PFP and EPF could improve the antioxidation state, anti-inflammatory activity, and intestinal functions of Sanhuang broilers to some extent.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study focused on the degradation of the worldwide Non-steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) ibuprofen (IBP) by gamma irradiation. Factors affecting IBP degradation efficiency were examined. ...The results showed that IBP concentration decreased with an increasing absorbed dose. When IBP concentration of 28.3mg/L and an absorbed dose of 1.1kGy were chosen, IBP degradation value was 100%. The degradation process of IBP could be depicted by first order reaction kinetics when the absorbed dose was less than 0.9kGy. 0.1% H2O2 and humic acid additives enhanced IBP degradation process, while 0.5% H2O2 additive restrained the degradation of IBP. The additions of CO32−, NO3−, CH3OH and thiourea restrained the degradation process. The pH value affected the IBP degradation. The degradation efficiency was more efficient under acidic condition than in neutral or alkaline media. The solution pH value became lower with increasing absorbed dose after gamma irradiation. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESMS) techniques were employed to identify the IBP derivatives. The mono- and quadric-hydroxylated of IBP and the products due to the oxidation of propanoic acid, and isobutyl substituents of IBP were identified.
► Gamma irradiation could effectively remove ibuprofen in aqueous solution. ► The pH and TOC of IBP solution decreased after gamma irradiation. ► The intermediates of IBP were identified after gamma irradiation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
This study compared the dosimetric parameters of field-in-field forward intensity-modulated radiotherapy (FIF-IMRT) and fixed-field inversely optimized intensity-modulated radiotherapy (FFIO-IMRT) ...for the whole-breast irradiation of patients undergoing right-breast lumpectomy.
A total of 30 patients with pT1-2N0M0 right-breast invasive ductal carcinoma were enrolled in this study. Two different treatment plans, i.e., FIF-IMRT and FFIO-IMRT, were designed for each patient. The dosimetric parameters of the two treatment plans were compared including ipsilateral lung and heart, conformity index (CI), and the homogeneity index (HI) of the planning target volume (PTV).
Fixed-field inversely optimized intensity-modulated radiotherapy was found to significantly improve CI (83.302% vs. 60.146%) and HI (11.837% vs. 19.280%), and significantly reduced V25 (18.038% vs. 19.653%) and V30 (15.790% vs. 18.492%) of the ipsilateral lung. It also significantly increased V5 (69.791% vs. 32.615%) of the ipsilateral lung and V5 (61.579% vs. 3.829%), V10 (14.130% vs. 0.381%), V20 (1.843% vs. 0.051%), and Dmean (5.211Gy vs. 1.870Gy) of the heart.
Regardless of improving the conformity and homogeneity of PTV and reducing the ipsilateral lung irradiation volume at high doses, FFIO-IMRT significantly raised the ipsilateral lung irradiated volume at low doses, as well as the irradiation volume and mean radiation doses to the heart. This limits its use in patients with early-stage right breast cancer.
Cette étude a comparé les paramètres dosimétriques de la radiothérapie avec modulation d’intensité avancée champ dans le champ et de la radiothérapie avec modulation d’intensité inverse à champ fixe pour l’irradiation du sein entier après une tumorectomie du sein droit.
Au total, 30 patientes atteintes d’un carcinome canalaire invasif du sein droit de stade pT1-2N0M0 ont été recrutées dans cette étude. Deux plans de traitement différents, à savoir une radiothérapie avec modulation d’intensité avancée champ dans le champ et une radiothérapie à modulation d’intensité inverse à champ fixe pour l’irradiation du sein entier, ont été conçus pour chaque patiente. Les paramètres dosimétriques des deux plans de traitement ont été comparés, y compris le poumon et le cœur homolatéraux, l’indice de conformité et l’indice d’homogénéité du volume cible prévisionnel (PTV).
La radiothérapie avec modulation d’intensité inversement optimisée à champ fixe s’est avérée améliorer significativement l’indice de conformité (83,302 % contre 60,146 %) et l’indice d’homogénéité (11,837 % contre 19,280 %) et a considérablement réduit le V25 (Vx : volume recevant × Gy) (18,038 % contre 19,653 %) et le V30 (15,790 % contre 18,492 %) du poumon nomolatéral. Il a également augmenté significativement le V5 (69,791 % contre 32,615 %) du poumon homolatéral et le V5 (61,579 % contre 3,829 %), le V10 (14,130 % contre 0,381 %), le V20 (1,843 % contre 0,051 %) et la dose moyenne (5,211Gy contre 1,870Gy) du cœur.
Indépendamment de l’amélioration de la conformité et de l’homogénéité du PTV et de la réduction du volume d’irradiation pulmonaire ipsilatérale à fortes doses, la radiothérapie avec modulation d’intensité inverse à champ fixe a considérablement augmenté le volume irradié du poumon ipsilatéral à faibles doses, ainsi que le volume d’irradiation et les doses moyennes de rayonnement dans le cœur. Cela limite son utilisation chez les patientes atteintes d’un cancer du sein droit de stade précoce.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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