Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, especially the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), which has been considered as a significant breakthrough in cancer therapy ....
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
COVID‐19 has a significant impact on public health and poses a challenge to medical staffs, especially to front‐line medical staffs who are exposed to and in direct contact with patients. To ...understand the psychological stress status of medical staffs during the outbreak of COVID‐19, random sample questionnaire survey was conducted among 2110 medical staffs and 2158 college students in all provinces of China through a questionnaire, which was compiled and completed through the Questionnaire Star platform relying on Wechat, QQ, and other social software. The differences in psychological stress status of different groups were compared through the analysis of the questionnaire. Results revealed that in all provinces of China, medical staffs scored significantly higher on all items of psychological stress than college students (P < .001). In Wuhan, medical staffs scored significantly higher than college students in all items of psychological stress (P < .001). While among medical staffs, the group in Wuhan area scored significantly higher than the group outside Wuhan on the following items: "Thought of being in danger," "The possibility of self‐illness," "Worrying about family infection" (P < .05), "Poor sleep quality," "Needing psychological guidance," and "Worrying about being infected" (P < .01) in the Psychological Stress Questionnaire, but on the item "Confidence in the victory of the epidemic," the group in Wuhan area scored significantly lower than the group outside Wuhan (P < .05). The emotion, cognition, physical, and mental response of front‐line medical staff showed obvious "exposure effect", which calls for a psychological crisis intervention strategy that can be helpful.
Highlights
The emotion, cognition, physical, and mental response of front‐line medical staff showed obvious “exposure effect,” which calls for a psychological crisis intervention strategy that can be helpful.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary
Several reviews have been conducted to assess the association between greenspace and overweight or obesity, but the conclusions were inconsistent. However, an updated comprehensive review and ...meta‐analysis is warranted, because several high‐quality papers have been published more recently. The objectives of this study are to systematically and quantitatively assess the evidence for a link between greenspace with overweight/obesity and to make specific recommendations for further research. We searched three English language databases, four Chinese language databases and the reference lists of previously published reviews for epidemiological studies on greenspace and overweight/obesity published before January 2020. We developed inclusion criteria, screened the literature and extracted key data from selected papers. We assessed methodological quality and risk of bias, and we graded the credibility of the pooled evidence. We also performed sensitivity analyses. Fifty‐seven records met our inclusion criteria and were included in the study. Most studies were cross‐sectional designs (81%) and were from developed nations (88%). More than half (55%) of the included studies found beneficial associations between greenspace and overweight/obesity in overall or subpopulations. Our meta‐analytical results showed that greater normalized difference vegetation index was associated with lower odds of overweight/obesity in a statistically significant fashion (odds ratio OR: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.91) but not residential proximity to greenspace (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.99, 1.00), proportion of greenspace (OR: 0.96; 95% CI: 0.85, 1.08) or number of parks in an area (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.01). However, we detected high between‐study heterogeneity in two of the four meta‐analyses, which reduced the credibility of the pooled evidence. Current evidence indicates that there might be an association between greater access to greenspace and lower odds of overweight/obesity. However, additional high‐quality studies are needed to more definitively assess the evidence for a causal association.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Supplying exogenous sulfur-rich compounds increases the content of glutathione(GSH) and phytochelatins(PCs) in plant tissues, enabling plants to enhance their cellular defense capacity and/or ...compartmentalize Cadmium(Cd) into vacuoles. However, the mechanism by which surplus S modulates tolerance to Cd stress in different tissues need further investigation. In the present study, we found that supplementing the tartary buckwheat(Fagopyrum tararicum) exposed to Cd with surplus S reversed Cd induced adverse effects, and increased Cd concentrations in roots, but decreased in leaves. Further analysis revealed that exogenous S significantly mitigated Cd-induced oxidative stress with the aids of antioxidant enzymes and agents both in leaves and roots, including peroxidase(POD), ascorbate peroxidase(APX), glutathione peroxidase(GPX), glutathione S-transferase(GST), ascorbic acid(AsA), and GSH, but not superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT). The increased Cd uptake in root vacuoles and decreased translocation in leaves of exogenous S treated plants could be ascribed to the increasing Cd binding on cell walls, chelation and vacuolar sequestration with helps of non-protein thiols(NPT), PCs and heavy metal ATPase 3(FtHMA3) in roots, and inhibiting expression of FtHMA2, a transporter that helps Cd translocation from roots to shoots. Results provide the fundamental information for the application of exogenous S in reversal of heavy metal stress.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Metaplastic breast cancer (MBC) is a rare tumor of the breast, and skin ulceration of breast tumors is a difficult clinical problem that reduces the patient's quality of life.
There are currently no ...Standard Treatment Guidelines for MBC at present, and the treatment for the skin ulceration of breast tumors is limited in clinics.
Here, we report the case of a patient with a large MBC and skin ulceration, accompanied by exudation and odor.
The combined treatment of albumin paclitaxel and carrelizumab (anti-PD-1 immunotherapy) was effective in reducing the tumor, but it increased the severity of the skin ulceration. After taking traditional Chinese medicine, the skin ulceration healed completely. Then the patient underwent a mastectomy and radiotherapy.
The patient has a high quality of life and was in good condition after the comprehensive treatment.
This suggests that traditional Chinese medicine may have a good auxiliary therapeutic effect on the skin ulceration of MBC.
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice and its subsequent transfer to food chain is a major environmental issue worldwide. Understanding of Cd transport processes and its management aiming to reduce Cd ...uptake and accumulation in rice may help to improve rice growth and grain quality. Moreover, a thorough understanding of the factors influencing Cd accumulation will be helpful to derive efficient strategies to minimize Cd in rice. In this article, we reviewed Cd transport mechanisms in rice, the factors affecting Cd uptake (including physicochemical characters of soil and ecophysiological features of rice) and discussed efficient measures to immobilize Cd in soil and reduce Cd uptake by rice (including agronomic practices, bioremediation and molecular biology techniques). These findings will contribute to ensuring food safety, and reducing Cd risk on human beings.
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•Radial oxygen loss controls Fe plaque formation on rice roots and affects Cd uptake.•Flooding before and after heading is effective for reducing Cd uptake by rice.•Inoculation with suitable AMF can be applied to reduce Cd accumulation in rice.•Intercropping and rotation systems can decrease Cd uptake by rice.
Cd transport mechanisms, factors influencing Cd accumulation, and efficient strategies to reduce Cd uptake by rice are summarized.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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•A ZnO/ZnCo2O4 hierarchical structure has been successfully prepared.•The ZnO/ZnCo2O4 hierarchical structure was assembled with porous nanosheets.•The p-n junctions in ZnO/ZnCo2O4 ...caused an improved TEA sensing performance.
Hierarchical structures (HSs) of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) have stimulated tremendous research attentions owing to their fascinating properties. Here, a HS of ZnO/ZnCo2O4 with varied ZnO contents (0–8 wt%) has been successfully prepared via a surfactant-free hydrothermal method combined with subsequent calcination. The prepared ZnO/ZnCo2O4 HS features an ordered assembly of two dimensional (2D) porous nanosheets with the thickness about 15 nm and evenly distributed ZnCo2O4-ZnO p-n junctions. The gas sensing properties of the ZnO/ZnCo2O4 HS were investigated and compared with pure ZnCo2O4 with similar morphology. It was found that after decorating with ZnO, the gas sensing properties of ZnCo2O4 to triethylamine (TEA) were remarkably improved, such as lowered optimum working temperature (decreased from 260 to 220 °C), faster response/recover speed, and higher sensitivity (0.0377/ppm) within a linear concentration range of 5–300 ppm. The improved gas sensing properties can be attributed to the sensitization effect of n-type ZnO on p-type ZnCo2O4 as well as the unique porous nanosheets-assembled hierarchical structure.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) increases the risk of colitis-associated cancer (CAC). Evidences suggest that Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with a low risk of IBD and ...protects against experimental colitis in mouse models. However, the effect of H. pylori infection in CAC remains unclear. We previously reported that H. pylori infection increased M2 macrophages in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced chronic colitis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play a pivotal role in colon cancer. Therefore, we established a H. pylori-infected CAC mouse model induced by azoxymethane and DSS to explore the effect of H. pylori infection on TAMs in CAC. Here, we demonstrated that H. pylori infection attenuated the development of CAC by decreasing tumor multiplicity, tumor size, tumor grade and colitis scores. Moreover, H. pylori infection reduced the infiltration of TAMs, particularly M2-like TAMs in CAC tumors, accompanied with the down-regulated pro-inflammatory and pro-tumorigenic factors TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-23 in tumors of CAC mice. Our study suggests that H. pylori infection can reduce TAMs infiltration and regulate cytokines expression in CAC.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Pd/ZnO sensor has excellent selectivity to CO and the response of the Pd/ZnO sensor towards 100 ppm CO was as high as 15 (Ra/Rg), obviously higher than that of the pristine ZnO sensor (1.4) when ...the optical working temperature is 220 °C.
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Noble metal is usually used to improve the gas sensing performance of metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) due to its better catalytic properties. In this work, we reported a synthesis of Pd/ZnO nanocomposite by an in situ reduction with ascorbic acid (AA). It was found that Pd/ZnO sensor has excellent selectivity to CO and the response of the Pd/ZnO sensor towards 100 ppm CO was as high as 15 (Ra/Rg), obviously higher than that of the pristine ZnO sensor (1.4) when the working temperature is 220 °C. Moreover, the pure ZnO sensor almost has no selectivity to CO, but the Pd/ZnO sensor has excellent selectivity to CO, which may be ascribed to the electronic sensitization of Pd. Our present results demonstrate that the Pd can significantly improve the gas-sensing performance of metal oxide semiconductor and the obtained sensor has great potential in monitoring coal mine gas.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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