Driver's cognitive workload has an important impact on driving safety. This paper carries out an on-road experiment to analyse the impact from three innovative aspects: significance analysis of ...electroencephalogram (EEG) under different cognitive workloads, distribution of EEG maps with different frequency signals and influence of different cognitive workloads on driving safety based on EEG. First, the EEG signals are processed and four frequencies of delta, theta, alpha and beta are obtained. Then, the time-frequency transform and power spectral density calculation are carried out by short-time Fourier to study the correlation of each frequency signal of different workload states, as well as the distribution pattern of the EEG topographic map. Finally, the time and space energy and phase changes in each cognitive task event are studied through event-related spectral perturbation and inter-trial coherence. Results show the difference between left and right brains, as well as the resource occupancy trends of the monitor, perception, visual and auditory channels in different driving conditions. Results also demonstrate that the increase in cognitive workloads will directly affect driving safety. Changes in cognitive workload have different effects on brain signals, and this paper can provide a theoretical basis for improving driving safety under different cognitive workloads. Mastering the EEG characteristics of signals can provide more targeted supervision and safety warnings for the driver.
To estimate causal treatment effects, we propose a new matching approach based on the reduced covariates obtained from sufficient dimension reduction. Compared with the original covariates and the ...propensity score, which are commonly used for matching in the literature, the reduced covariates are nonparametrically estimable and are effective in imputing the missing potential outcomes, under a mild assumption on the low-dimensional structure of the data. Under the ignorability assumption, the consistency of the proposed approach requires a weaker common support condition. In addition, researchers are allowed to employ different reduced covariates to find matched subjects for different treatment groups. We develop relevant asymptotic results and conduct simulation studies as well as real data analysis to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
Everyone in life will experience resource scarcity, which causes self-discrepancy. It is widely known that individuals participate in reactive consumption to solve the problems of self-discrepancy ...and resources scarcity. This kind of consumption may be symbolically related to the essence of the resource scarcity or may occur in an unrelated domain. This study proposes a theory for "filling up" one's resource scarcity through high-intensity sensory consumption (HISC).
We used different methods, including one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), linear regression, mediating effect, and moderating effect, to test the four hypotheses. Four experiments in the study were conducted from May 2022 and August 2022 and involved undergraduates from a university and volunteers recruited online. All participants are adults and verbally agree to participate voluntarily. Study 1a (N = 96 (male 47, female 49), participants from a business school in China) measured resource scarcity in the laboratory experiments and verified the effect of resource scarcity on consumer HISC preference by using linear regression (H1). Study 1b (N = 191 (male 98, female 93), students and teachers from a university in China) measured resource scarcity in the laboratory experiments and manipulated positively and negatively valenced experiences. Using the PROCESS SPSS Mode l, we verified that negatively valenced stimuli also lead to higher levels of arousal, which in turn restores the self-discrepancy caused by resource scarcity (H2). Study 2 (an online experiment, N = 182 (male 91, female 91), participants from China) manipulated the resource scarcity in a color sensory stimulant context, replicating the preliminary effect and examined the mediating effect of the self-worth by using the PROCESS SPSS Mode 4 (H3). Study 3 (an online experiment, N = 251 (male 125, female 126), participants from China) manipulated resource scarcity and self-acceptance in the tactile sensory experience, and tested the moderating effect of self-acceptance by using the PROCESS SPSS Mode 8 (H4).
Four studies suggest that not only do individuals facing resources scarcity prefer HISC but also that this consumption is mediated and moderated by self-worth and self-acceptance, respectively. This preference for HISC is negated when individuals have high self-acceptance traits. The findings are tested in the auditory domain (as evidenced by a propensity for louder volume), the visual domain (as evidenced by a propensity for more intense colors), and the tactile domain (as evidenced by a propensity for more intense need for touch). The findings also demonstrate that individual preferences for HISC is shown to operate regardless of the valence (positive valence vs. negative valence) of the sensory consumption.
Across four experiments, we find that individuals who are subjected to resource scarcity show a preference for high-intensity sensory consumption in the auditory, visual, and tactile domains. We also find that both negatively and positively valenced sensory stimuli have the same impact on resource-scarce individuals' preference for HISC. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the sense of self-worth significantly mediates the effect of resource scarcity on HISC. Finally, we reveal that self-acceptance moderates the effect of resource scarcity on HISC preference.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
In many causal inference problems the parameter of interest is the regression causal effect, defined as the conditional mean difference in the potential outcomes given covariates. In this paper we ...discuss how sufficient dimension reduction can be used to aid causal inference, and we propose a new estimator of the regression causal effect inspired by minimum average variance estimation. The estimator requires a weaker common support condition than propensity score-based approaches, and can be used to estimate the average causal effect, for which it is shown to be asymptotically super-efficient. Its finite-sample properties are illustrated by simulation.
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BFBNIB, INZLJ, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
To achieve the most efficient, all-exciton-harvesting organic electrochemiluminescence (ECL) for biosensing, aqueous thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-ECL (aqueous TADF-ECL) was ...successfully launched to provide a breakthrough for the theoretical ECL efficiency limitation of aqueous fluorescence ECL (aqueous FL-ECL). However, achieving efficient TADF emitters suitable for aqueous TADF-ECL remains challenging. A previous strategy relied on TADF small molecular nanoparticles (NPs). However, the aggregation caused quenching of such TADF molecules within NPs is intense, which renders such NPs inefficient for ECL emission. Herein, we propose developing conjugated polymer dots (Pdots) based aqueous TADF-ECL. Compared to the intrinsic TADF polymer, the Pdots achieve a comparable TADF photophysical properties in water,
i.e.
, the comparable PL spectra, similar PL quantum efficiency (
Φ
PL
) and intense delayed fluorescent contributions
via
a fast reverse intersystem crossing rate (
k
RISC
) of 1.5 × 10
6
s
−1
. The resultant relative ECL efficiency (
Φ
ECL
) of the oxidative-reduction ECL system (C
2
O
4
2−
as the co-reactant) is as high as 11.73% (
vs.
the Ru(bpy)
3
2+
counterpart). Additionally, satisfactory dopamine biosensing was accomplished for such TADF-Pdots/C
2
O
4
2−
couple. All those results are combined to highlight the promising potential of such an aqueous TADF-ECL strategy.
Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) polymer dots were prepared, which enables aqueous electrochemiluminescence of TADF polymer emitters and its biosensor application for the first time.
is a critical tumor suppressor gene, activating p53 and its downstream targets to induce apoptosis is a promising way for cancer therapy. However, more than 50% of cancer patients have p53 mutations, ...which may cause cancer therapy resistance, and the underline mechanism is poorly understood. Here, we found that cell viability decrease and apoptosis induced by p53-dependent traditional drugs in colon cancer cells were eliminated in p53 mutant cells. Mutant p53 did not up-regulate the expression of its direct downstream targets PUMA and p21, due to the inhibition of PUMA transcription. Furthermore, mutant p53 could not bind to the promoter of PUMA to activate its transcription like WT p53 did, while overexpressed WT p53 rescued PUMA-induced subsequent apoptosis. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate mutant p53 may cause chemo-resistance of tumor because of inactivating PUMA transcription, which prompts some new insights for clinical therapy of cancer patients with mutant p53.
CRC: Colorectal cancer; CDKs: Cyclin-dependent kinases; PUMA: p53 up-regulated modulator of apoptosis; PDGF: the platelet-derived growth factor; WT p53: wild-type p53 protein; mutp53: mutant p53 proteins; BAX: Bcl-2-associated X protein; NOXA: Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate-induced protein 1.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
The rapid evolution of cell‐based theranostics has attracted extensive attention due to their unique advantages in biomedical applications. However, the inherent functions of cells alone cannot meet ...the needs of malignant tumor treatment. Thus endowing original cells with new characteristics to generate multifunctional living cells may hold a tremendous promise. Here, the nanoengineering method is used to combine customized liposomes with neutrophils, generating oxygen‐carrying sonosensitizer cells with acoustic functions, which are called Acouscyte/O2, for the visual diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Specifically, oxygen‐carried perfluorocarbon and temoporfin are encapsulated into cRGD peptide modified multilayer liposomes (C‐ML/HPT/O2), which are then loaded into live neutrophils to obtain Acouscyte/O2. Acouscyte/O2 can not only carry a large amount of oxygen but also exhibits the ability of long circulation, inflammation‐triggered recruitment, and decomposition. Importantly, Acouscyte/O2 can be selectively accumulated in tumors, effectively enhancing tumor oxygen levels, and triggering anticancer sonodynamics in response to ultrasound stimulation, leading to complete obliteration of tumors and efficient extension of the survival time of tumor‐bearing mice with minimal systemic adverse effects. Meanwhile, the tumors can be monitored in real time by temoporfin‐mediated fluorescence imaging and perfluorocarbon (PFC)‐microbubble‐enhanced ultrasound imaging. Therefore, the nanoengineered neutrophils, i.e., Acouscyte/O2, are a new type of multifunctional cellular drug, which provides a new platform for the diagnosis and sonodynamic therapy of solid malignant tumors.
Nanoengineered neutrophil sonosensitizers are developed for visual sonodynamic therapy (SDT) of solid malignant tumors. Acouscyte/O2 not only has an enhanced multilevel active targeting but also provides oxygen to enhance SDT effects to eliminate tumors, maintain the appearance, and real‐time multimode imaging, which provides a promising theranostic strategy for solid malignant tumors.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A piecewise frequency control (PFC) strategy is proposed in this paper for coordinating vibration isolation and positioning of supporting systems under complex disturbance conditions, such as direct ...and external disturbances. This control strategy is applied in an active-passive parallel supporting system, where relative positioning feedback for positioning and absolute velocity feedback for active vibration isolation. The analysis of vibration and deformation transmissibility shows that vibration control increases low-frequency position error while positioning control amplifies high-frequency vibration amplitude. To overcome this contradiction across the whole control bandwidth, a pair of Fractional-Order Filters (FOFs) is adopted in the PFC system, which increases the flexibility in the PFC design by introducing fraction orders. The system stability analysis indicates that the FOFs can provide a better stability margin than the Integral-Order Filters (IOFs), so the control gains are increased to get a better performance on the AVI and positioning. The PFC based on FOFs can suppress the peak amplitude at the natural frequency which cannot be avoided when using the IOFs. The constrained nonlinear multivariable function is formed by the required performance and the stability of the system, then the controller parameters are optimized effectively. Lastly, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Guizhou golden monkey (Rhinopithecus brelichi) is a critically endangered wildlife species, and understanding its diet composition may be useful for assessing its feeding strategies. DNA ...metabarcoding was used to determine the dietary diversity of R. brelichi. DNA was extracted from 31 faecal samples and amplified chloroplast rbcL and mitochondrial COI DNA was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq platform. A comparative analysis of the sequences revealed that the five most abundant plant genera were Magnolia, Morinda, Viburnum, Tetradium and Eurya. In winter, R. brelichi mostly consumed shrubs, herbs and shrubs/trees according to the habit of plant genera with higher abundances comparatively. The five most abundant families in animal diet were Psychodidae, Trichinellidae, Staphylinidae, Scarabaeidae and Trichoceridae. This study is the first to show the composition of the winter animal diets of R. brelichi based on DNA metabarcoding. These results provide an important basis for understanding the diet of wild R. brelichi, which inhabits only the Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve, China.
Our DNA metabarcoding analysis has revealed that Rhinopithecus brelichi predominantly feeds on plants from the Magnoliaceae and Rubiaceae families, Diptera and Coleoptera insects, as well as macrofungi such as Agaricales throughout the winter season.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Often the research interest in causal inference is on the regression causal effect, which is the mean difference in the potential outcomes conditional on the covariates. In this paper, we use ...sufficient dimension reduction to estimate a lower dimensional linear combination of the covariates that is sufficient to model the regression causal effect. Compared with the existing applications of sufficient dimension reduction in causal inference, our approaches are more efficient in reducing the dimensionality of covariates, and avoid estimating the individual outcome regressions. The proposed approaches can be used in three ways to assist modeling the regression causal effect: to conduct variable selection, to improve the estimation accuracy, and to detect the heterogeneity. Their usefulness are illustrated by both simulation studies and a real data example.
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