Based on the integrated model of Super-SBM model, spatial Durbin model (SDM) and Grey neural network model, this paper analyzes the panel data of various provinces in China from multiple angles and ...dimensions. It was found that there were significant differences in eco-efficiency between organic rice production and conventional rice production. The response of organic rice to climate change, the spatial distribution of ecological and economic benefits and the impact on carbon emission were analyzed. The results showed that organic rice planting not only had higher economic benefits, but also showed a rising trend of ecological benefits and a positive feedback effect. This finding highlights the importance of organic rice farming in reducing carbon emissions. Organic rice farming effectively reduces greenhouse gas emissions, especially carbon dioxide and methane, by improving soil management and reducing the use of fertilizers and pesticides. This has important implications for mitigating climate change and promoting soil health and biodiversity. With the acceleration of urbanization, the increase of organic rice planting area shows the trend of organic rice gradually replacing traditional rice cultivation, further highlighting the potential of organic agriculture in emission reduction, environmental protection and sustainable agricultural production. To this end, it is recommended that the Government implement a diversified support strategy to encourage technological innovation, provide guidance and training, and raise public awareness and demand for organic products. At the same time, private sector participation is stimulated to support the development of organic rice cultivation through a public-private partnership model. Through these measures, further promote organic rice cultivation, achieve the dual goals of economic benefits and environmental benefits, and effectively promote the realization of double carbon emission reduction targets.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objectives
Neuroprotective potential of 7‐methoxyflavanone (7MF) and its underlying mechanism was investigated.
Methods
Inhibitory effects of 7MF on microglial activation and neuroinflammation were ...evaluated by employment of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced BV2 microglial cells. Changes in expression of genes and proteins of interest were investigated by RT‐qPCR analysis and Western blot analysis. Inhibitory effects of 7MF on microglial overactivation were verified in LPS‐treated C57BL/6J mice using ionized calcium‐binding adaptor molecule‐1 (Iba1) in the brain and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in serum as indicators.
Key findings
In BV2 cells, pretreatment with 7MF antagonized LPS‐induced production of inflammatory factors IL‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1). Mechanistic studies revealed reduced expression of Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differentiation factor‐88 (MyD88), phosphorylated forms of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (p‐JNK) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinases 1/2 (p‐ERK) but increased nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and cellular expression of NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase‐1 (NQO‐1) by 7MF. In LPS‐treated mice, pretreatment with 7MF reduced the brain level of Iba1 and serum level of IL‐6.
Conclusions
7‐methoxyflavanone inhibited LPS‐stimulated TLR4/MyD88/MAPK signalling and activated Nrf2‐mediated transcription of antioxidant protein NQO‐1, showing antineuroinflammatory effect, so it is a potential neuroprotective agent.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Diagnosis of rare skeletal diseases is based primarily on clinical phenotype and radiographic analysis. Genetic etiology of these heterogeneous diseases remains largely unknown. Here, we report the ...identification of two genomic mutations using exome sequencing from patients with multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) of an unusual family in autosomal dominant and X-linked inheritance. A dominant mutation (c.2224G > A; p.Gly687Ser) in the known causal COL2A1 gene was identified in three patients with MED, deformed femoral heads and vertebral dysplasia. Furthermore, a hemizygous mutation (c.2830G > A; p.Ala944Thr) in the USP9X gene was identified in the fourth patient with short stature, MED, deformed femoral head, thoracic and lumbar platyspondyly, right ankle condyle dysplasia, and subchondral sclerosis. This is the first identification of an X-linked candidate causative gene in a patient with MED, suggesting a new clinical entity. Our findings shed a new light on the role of USP9X in MED-associated disorders.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Osteoporosis and intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) are both age-related diseases of the musculoskeletal system. With the average life expectancy longer than ever, the morbidity caused by these ...two diseases is increasing. Nowadays, treatment strategies for osteoporosis are mainly aimed at increasing the mineral density of the bone. Some of these therapies, including vitamin D, calcium, bisphosphonates, Wnt signal activators and parathyroid hormone regulators, have been suggested to be capable of causing calcification of the cartilage endplate in the intervertebral disc. This alteration could block nutrient and oxygen transportation to the center part of the disc, thus lead to intervertebral disc degeneration. Consequently, we hypothesize that osteoporosis therapies might be a potential risk for IDD. This assumption indicates that we should take the alterations of the cartilage endplate into consideration in further osteoporosis treatment to avoid IDD in the patient.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Highly ordered g-C3N4/ZnO NRAs were prepared through thermal condensation of melamine.•Efficient electron–hole pair separation and transfer rates were achieved in the heterojunction.•The as-prepared ...g-C3N4/ZnO NRAs exhibit enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance.
Heterojunction can not only offer a wide range of solar light absorption but also facilitate the separation of photoinduced charge carriers, and thereby lead to enhanced photoelectrochemical efficiency. Herein, we report the heterostructured g-C3N4/ZnO nanorod arrays (NRAs) for enhanced photoelectrocatalytic performance. The g-C3N4 shell layer of about 20–30nm was coated on the surface of ZnO nanorod uniformly through thermal annealing the melamine precursor. Compared to the pristine ZnO and g-C3N4, the as-prepared g-C3N4/ZnO NRAs exhibit enhanced photoelectrocatalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) decolorization under visible light illumination. This enhancement of photoelectrocatalytic performance may be mainly attributed to improved separation efficiency of charge carriers from photoexcited g-C3N4 to ZnO across the g-C3N4/ZnO interfaces.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Macroautophagy (hereafter called autophagy) is a highly conserved physiological process that degrades over-abundant or damaged organelles, large protein aggregates and invading pathogens via the ...lysosomal system (the vacuole in plants and yeast). Autophagy is generally induced by stress, such as oxygen-, energy- or amino acid-deprivation, irradiation, drugs,
. In addition to non-selective bulk degradation, autophagy also occurs in a selective manner, recycling specific organelles, such as mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), lysosomes, nuclei, proteasomes and lipid droplets (LDs). This capability makes selective autophagy a major process in maintaining cellular homeostasis. The dysfunction of selective autophagy is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), tumorigenesis, metabolic disorders, heart failure,
. Considering the importance of selective autophagy in cell biology, we systemically review the recent advances in our understanding of this process and its regulatory mechanisms. We emphasize the 'cargo-ligand-receptor' model in selective autophagy for specific organelles or cellular components in yeast and mammals, with a focus on mitophagy and ER-phagy, which are finely described as types of selective autophagy. Additionally, we highlight unanswered questions in the field, helping readers focus on the research blind spots that need to be broken.
The intervertebral disc is the largest avascular organ of the body. Vascularization of the disc has been typically regarded as a pathological feature of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). ...However, the underlying mechanism of vascularization in IDD is still unclear. The current study aimed to investigate the role of AF cell derived exosome (AF-exo) in the interaction with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and its potential role in the regulation of vascularization in IDD.
Human AF tissues were obtained from patients with IDD and idiopathic scoliosis. The AF-exo were isolated and identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle trafficking analysis (NTA) and Western blotting. Then, the AF-exo were used for HUVECs cultures. The migration of HUVECs was observed in 2D and 3D cultures. The inflammatory phenotype of HUVECs was examined by Real-time PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additionally, apoptosis of HUVECs were analyzed by flow cytometry.
Here, we for the first time found that AF cells could secrete AF-exo and that the AF-exo could be phagocytosed by HUVECs. Additionally, we found that degenerated AF-exo exerted pro-vascularization effect on HUVECs by promoting cell migration (in 2D and 3D cultures) and inflammatory factor expression including IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-3, MMP-13 and VEGF, whereas the application of non-degenerated AF-exo demonstrated inverse effects.
These results showed that AF-exo is an essential regulator mediating intercellular communication between AF cells and HUVECs, suggesting its important role in vascularization in the intervertebral disc.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Estrogen deficiency is the main reason of bone loss, leading to postmenopausal osteoporosis, and estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) has been demonstrated to protect bone loss efficiently. Notch ...signaling controls proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Moreover, imperfect estrogen-responsive elements (EREs) were found in the 5′-untranslated region of
Notch1
and
Jagged1
. Thus, we examined the molecular and biological links between estrogen and the Notch signaling in postmenopausal osteoporosis in vitro. hBMSCs were obtained from healthy women and patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Notch signaling molecules were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and Western Blot. Luciferase reporter constructs with putative EREs were transfected into hBMSCs and analyzed. hBMSCs were transduced with lentiviral vectors containing human
Notch1 intracellular domain
(
NICD1
). We also used
N
-
N
-(3, 5-diflurophenylacetate)-l-alanyl-(S)-phenylglycine
t
-butyl ester, a γ-secretase inhibitor, to suppress the Notch signaling. We found that estrogen enhanced the Notch signaling in hBMSCs by promoting the expression of
Jagged1
. hBMSCs cultured with estrogen resulted in the up-regulation of Notch signaling and increased proliferation and differentiation. Enhanced Notch signaling could enhance the proliferation and differentiation of hBMSCs from patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis (OP-hBMSCs). Our results demonstrated that estrogen preserved bone mass partly by activating the Notch signaling. Because long-term ERT has been associated with several side effects, the Notch signaling could be a potential target for treating postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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