•Zn-graphene oxide (Zn-GO) and Zn-GO-Zn multilayer coating were electrodeposited.•Corrosion of Zn-GO and Zn-GO-Zn multilayer coating was investigated.•Corrosion resistance of Zn-GO was due to GO ...induced reduction in Zn grain size.•Corrosion resistance of Zn-GO-Zn was due to the impermeability of GO.
Microstructure and corrosion properties of electrodeposited zinc-graphene oxide (Zn-GO) composite coatings and Zn-GO-Zn multilayer coating was investigated. Addition of GO enhanced the corrosion resistance of the composite coating. Microstructural characterization revealed that the enhancement in the corrosion resistance was due to GO induced significant reduction in Zn grains sizes which would facilitate formation of protective oxide layer. Microstructural characterization of exposed Zn-GO-Zn multilayer coatings revealed relatively lesser oxidation of Zn regions beneath the GO layer which further illustrated the role of impermeability of GO towards hindering the penetration of the electroactive media and thereby retarding the corrosion rate.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This is the first report on synthesis of multimetal high entropy alloy (HEA) nanoparticle-few layer graphene composite. A two-step methodology for synthesizing multi-component HEA ...nanoparticle-graphene composite is provided. In the first step, high purity graphite powder was mechanically milled with metal powders (Ni, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe) to produce multimetal-graphite composite. This composite was then sonicated with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) for 2 hours to produce a dispersion of graphene decorated with multi-component nanoparticles with face centred cubic structure. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods revealed that the HEA nanoparticle graphene composite possess excellent corrosion resistance properties which was better than the corrosion resistance exhibited by milled and exfoliated graphene. The HEA nanoparticle-graphene composite can be used for corrosion resistant coating applications.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The present study reports the development of L-proline conjugated chitosan scaffold for wound healing application. Proline plays a beneficial role in collagen synthesis, and as a biochemical, it has ...the potential to modulate wound healing. In this regard, amino acid L-proline was conjugated onto chitosan, and the scaffolds were synthesised. FTIR and NMR analysis confirmed amino acid conjugation. The prepared scaffold was characterized by studies such as swelling, dissolution, tensile strength, porosity, water-vapor transmission rate and in-vitro healing properties. Cell viability assay showed that the scaffold has no cytotoxicity against the L929 and HaCaT cells. The in-vitro wound healing potential of the scaffold by scratch wound assay on the L929 cell line showed 53.35 ± 2.3 %, 72.96 ± 2.2 %, and 50.89 ± 0.3 % wound closure for CS-P 200, CS-P 400 and CS-P 600, respectively when compared to native CS scaffold (38.86 ± 1.6 %). A similar observation was found with HaCaT cells too. The studies showed that the modified scaffold promotes collagen deposition from fibroblast cells. These findings suggest that scaffold cues remodel the wound microenvironment for a better wound-healing state, and the L-proline conjugated scaffold may have considerable potential as a wound dressing to improve wound healing.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Diabetes is a metabolic disease and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in epidemic proportions. A type I diabetic patient is dependent on daily injections of insulin, for survival and also ...to maintain a normal life, which is uncomfortable, painful and also has deleterious effects. Extensive efforts are being made worldwide for developing noninvasive drug delivery systems, especially via oral route. Oral route is the most widely accepted means of administration. However it is not feasible for direct delivery of peptide and protein drugs. To overcome the gastro-intestinal barriers various types of formulations such as polymeric micro/nanoparticles, liposomes, etc. are investigated. In the recent years lot of advances have taken place in developing and understanding the oral peptide delivery systems. Simultaneously, the development and usage of other peptides having anti-diabetic potentials are also considered for diabetes therapy. In this review we are focusing on the advances reported during the past decade in the field of oral insulin delivery along with the possibility of other peptidic incretin hormones such as GLP-1, exendin-4, for diabetes therapy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPUK
Novel methods for the delivery of drugs other than the conventional method of oral administration have been a thrust area of research for a few decades. Mucoadhesive delivery of drugs opened up a new ...domain where rapid and patient-friendly delivery of drugs can be achieved. Delivery of drugs through the mucosal sites such as buccal, nasal, ocular, sublingual, rectal and vaginal facilitates bypassing the first-pass metabolism and the drug reaches the systemic circulation directly. This helps to increase the bioavailability of the drug. The study of the chemical characteristics of polymers with mucoadhesive properties and how the molecules or the pharmaceuticals are transported across the mucosa is very much needed for the advancement of research in this field. And at the same time, it is very pertinent to know about the anatomy and the physiology of the mucosal tissue and its variation in different regions of the body. In this review, we try to present a comprehensive understanding of relevant topics of mucoadhesion giving more emphasis on the mechanism of transport of drugs across mucosa, and different possible functional modifications of polymers to enhance the property of mucoadhesion.
The functional modifications of polymers for mucoadhesive drug delivery and mucosal transport mechanism.
This work correlates microstructural evolution and corrosion behavior of electrodeposited ZnNi-graphene oxide composite coatings. Incorporation of GO improved the coating compactness and decreased ...the surface roughness. Structural characterization revealed that the pure ZnNi coating contained only intermetallic phases (γ-NiZn
3
, γ-Ni
3
Zn
22
, and γ-Ni
5
Zn
21
), whereas ZnNi-GO coatings contained Zn phase along with the intermetallics. Addition of GO gradually increased the volume fraction of the Zn phase and reduced its crystallite size. With the addition of GO, a noticeable and systematic variation in the growth texture of the coatings was also observed. Corrosion resistance of the composite coating increased with increase in the addition of GO. Microstructural characterization revealed that the composite coating contained Zn phase along with the GO forming a Zn-GO matrix containing intermetallics. Further investigation of the GO extracted from the electrolyte bath revealed that during the electrodeposition process, Zn nucleated and grew over the GO in the electrolyte itself which led to the co-existence of Zn and GO in the coating matrix. Enhancement in the coating compactness, increase in the Zn phase which is sacrificial, and the impermeability of the GO led to the high corrosion resistance of the ZnNi-GO composite coatings when compared to the pure ZnNi coating.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The thoughtful implementation of Internet of Things (IoT) expertise to sustainable progress in environment friendly renewable energy sector is significant for future energy conversion, storage and ...usage. The exploration of IoT proficiency in restoring the fresh condition of natural dye-sensitized solar cells once again by refilling the photo-sensitizer from its dye-degraded condition is conceived. This concept will eliminate one of the key limitations of dye-sensitized solar cells in real-world application. Potential environment friendly organic dyes were separated from the Butea Monosperma petals and employed for proficient titanium dioxide (TiO
2
) photo-anodes. Butein and Lanceoletin are prominent colorants existent in the organic source (Butea Monosperma petals) and enhanced molecular structures premeditated. The colorant-sensitized TiO
2
NPs underwent the structural, photosensitive, spectral and IV (current–voltage) readings. Comparative DFT (density functional theoretical) and experimental studies on the spectroscopic, electronic and nonlinear opto-response characteristics of Butein and Lanceoletin were performed. The change in HOMO–LUMO energy which governs kinetic steadiness, chemical reactivity, chemical softness, hardness and MEP (molecular electrostatic potential) of molecules has been intended at B3LYP@6-311G (d, p). Environment friendly, price-effective NDSSCs were made by using organic photo-anodes.
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CEKLJ, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•We have presented an Internet of Things based smart energy meter that can be deployed in households and industries to measure power consumption at the device level without disrupting the operation ...of the appliances and without the need for rewiring.•The system has been designed to operate as a standalone device that can be placed between the electrical appliance and the mains. It is capable of measuring power consumption irrespective of the consumption patterns in terms of fixed and varying energy consumption.•The performance of the system has been tested using a variety of appliances and the accuracy has been validated by comparing it with the already known power rating of the appliance. The performance was evaluated using many household appliances from the categories mentioned previously.•The consumers can view, monitor and log the consumption data remotely at the device level. This can help them ensure that their appliances are working well within their expected power ratings, which will contribute towards consumers taking steps toward conscious energy consumption and conservation.
The number of household appliances has drastically increased in the recent years and with this, so has the consumption and demand for electricity. In the face of declining energy resources, there is a need for a solution that can help track, measure and control the consumption of electricity. Conventional energy meters do not provide information regarding power consumption at the device-level, due to which consumers cannot monitor or log the electricity consumed by each appliance. To bridge the gap in device energy consumption data, we propose the design and implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled, minimalistic, cost-effective and efficient smart energy meter which will aid consumers in obtaining information on the energy consumption of any electrical appliance. This will not only assist consumers in ensuring that their devices function as per the energy rating but also help them access energy expenditure patterns formed over time which will contribute towards awareness and conscious conservation of energy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Oral administration of drug is the most preferred one among the other routes for the majority of clinical applications. As compared to the parenteral method of administration, it has potential ...benefits such as increased patient compliance, fewer problems, and reduced treatment costs. Regardless of these factors, inadequate bioavailability owing to poor solubility or permeability limits the therapeutic effectiveness of orally given drugs. Though most current research focuses on BCS II (drugs with low solubility and high permeability), BCS III (drugs with high solubility and low permeability) also has poor oral bioavailability due to their limited permeability across lipid membranes and is usually administered through the parenteral route. The need for an oral alternative to parenteral administration has prompted a renewed focus on the development of innovative dosage forms that support the absorption of medicines that are poorly permeable through the intestinal epithelium. Because of their unique sizedependent feature in enhancing transmembrane permeability, ability to incorporate both lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs and biocompatible nature of components, the use of nanoparticles for improving drug bioavailability has been a focus of current study in the field of drug delivery in recent years. The lipidbased nanoparticle method presents a potential new avenue for manufacturing BCS Class III medicines with enhanced bioavailability, as poor permeability is the main issue for these agents. This research aims to assess the potential of lipid nanoparticles for improving the oral bioavailability of medicines with permeability-restricted oral absorption, such as pharmaceuticals in Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class III.
Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems have been extensively studied to effectively reduce the limitations of conventional drug delivery systems. Zein and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) are appraised for ...mucoadhesive properties. This study focuses on developing a mechanically stable zein/PVP electrospun membrane for propranolol hydrochloride (PL) transport. Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectra, and swelling studies gave evidence for PVP crosslinking, whereas circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed crosslinking of zein owing to the conformational change from α-helix to β-sheet. A 10 h thermal treatment of zein/PVP imparted 3.92 ± 0.13 MPa tensile strength to the matrix. Thermally crosslinked electrospun zein/PVP matrix showed 22.1 ± 0.1 g mm work of adhesion in porcine buccal mucosa tissue. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of cytotoxicity in RPMI 2650 has been carried out. The in vitro drug release profile of PL from thermally crosslinked zein/PVP best fitted with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model. Immunostaining of β-catenin adherens junctional protein confirmed the absence of paracellular transport through the junctional opening. Still, drug permeation was observed through the porcine buccal mucosa, attributed to the transcellular transport of PL owing to its lipophilicity. The ex vivo permeation of PL through porcine buccal mucosa was also evaluated.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
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