Abstract
We investigated the effect of higher order dispersion on ultrafast photoionisation with Classical Trajectory Monte Carlo (CTMC) method for hydrogen and krypton atoms. In our calculations we ...used linearly polarised ultrashort 7 fs laser pulses,
$$6.5 \times 10^{14} \mathrm {W/cm^{2}}$$
6.5
×
10
14
W
/
cm
2
intensity, and a central wavelength of 800 nm. Our results show that electrons with the highest kinetic energies are obtained with transform limited (TL) pulses. The shaping of the pulses with negative second- third- or fourth- order dispersion results in higher ionisation yield and electron energies compared to pulses shaped with positive dispersion values. We have also investigated how the Carrier Envelope Phase (CEP) dependence of the ionisation is infuenced by dispersion. We calculated the left-right asymmetry as a function of energy and CEP for sodium atoms employing pulses of 4.5 fs, 800 nm central wavelength, and
$$4 \times 10^{12}\mathrm {W/cm^{2}}$$
4
×
10
12
W
/
cm
2
intensity. We found that the left-right asymmetry is more pronounced for pulses shaped with positive Group Delay Dispersion (GDD). It was also found that shaping a pulse with increasing amounts of GDD in absolute value blurs the CEP dependence, which is attributed to the increasing number of optical cycles.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We address the problem of testing the quantumness of two-dimensional systems in the prepare-and-measure (PM) scenario, using a large number of preparations and a large number of measurement settings, ...with binary outcome measurements. In this scenario, we introduce constants, which we relate to the Grothendieck constant of order 3. We associate them with the white noise resistance of the prepared qubits and to the critical detection efficiency of the measurements performed. Large-scale numerical tools are used to bound the constants. This allows us to obtain new bounds on the minimum detection efficiency that a setup with 70 preparations and 70 measurement settings can tolerate.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
We propose an optimal and efficient numerical test for witnessing genuine multipartite nonlocality based on a geometric approach. In particular, we consider two non-equivalent models of ...local hidden variables, namely the Svetlichny and the no-signaling bilocal models. While our knowledge concerning these models is well established for Bell-type scenarios involving two measurement settings per party, the general case based on an arbitrary number of settings is a considerably more challenging task and very little work has been done in this field. In this paper, we applied such general tests to detect and characterize genuine
n
-way nonlocal correlations for various states of three qubits and qutrits. Apart from the fundamental problem of characterizing genuine multipartite nonlocal correlations, the extension of the number of measurements beyond two is also of practical importance. As a measure of nonlocality, we use the probability of violation of local realism under randomly sampled observables, and the strength of nonlocality, described by the resistance to white noise admixture. In particular, we analyze to what extent the Bell-type scenario involving two measurement settings can be used to certify genuine
n
-way nonlocal correlations generated for more general models. In addition, we propose a simple procedure to detect such nonlocal correlations for randomly chosen settings with an efficiency of up to 100%. Due to its near-perfect efficiency, our method may open new possibilities in device-independent quantum cryptography applications where strong nonlocality between all partners is required.
Abstract
The advent of intense terahertz (THz) sources opened a new era when the demonstration of the acceleration and manipulation of free electrons by THz pulses became within reach. ...THz-field-driven electron emission was predicted to be confined to a single burst due to the single-cycle waveform. Here we demonstrate the confinement of single-cycle THz-waveform-driven electron emission to one of the two half cycles from a solid surface emitter. Either the leading or the trailing half cycle was active, controlled by reversing the field polarity. THz-driven single-burst surface electron emission sources, which do not rely on field-enhancement structures, will impact the development of THz-powered electron acceleration and manipulation devices, all-THz compact electron sources, THz waveguides and telecommunication, THz-field-based measurement techniques and solid-state devices.
The objective of our cross-sectional study is to explore the adherence behavior of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by examining the association between the various types of adherence. ...The success of diabetic therapy partly relies on patient motivation, psych-odemographic variables (self-efficacy, health literacy, and health locus of control HLOC), and adherence. The aim of our research was to explore the attitudes of T2DM patients toward medication and lifestyle therapy, thus gaining a deeper insight into the role of adherence-determining parameters in disease management.
The sample for the present study consisted of 113 T2DM inpatients (75 women and 38 men) with a mean age of 60.56 years (SD=12.94, range: 20-85 years) diagnosed with T2DM for an average of 13 years (SD=8.23). Participants completed the Diabetes Adherence Questionnaire conceptualized by the research team in accordance with the mapping of psychological and psychosocial parameters. We examined the associations between variables using Spearman's rank correlation. Multivariate regression analysis was used to examine predictive variables for adherent behavior. In addition, we attempted to examine factors with a negative effect on adherence using factor analysis.
Based on our results, a high level of medication adherence negatively correlated with lifestyle adherence. Multivariate regression analysis showed that blood glucose monitoring adherence is mostly predicted by social-external HLOC, diabetes self-efficacy, and internal HLOC, while dietary adherence is predicted by the patient's self-efficacy and duration of the illness. Additionally, understanding and following the diabetes treatment were significantly associated with dietary adherence and high levels of patient self-efficacy, while health literacy was mostly predicted by internal HLOC.
Adherence to medication, diet, glucose monitoring, and physical exercise showed different levels in T2DM patients and were in association with psychodemographic factors.
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According to Bell’s theorem, certain entangled states cannot be simulated classically using local hidden variables (LHV). Suppose that we can augment LHV by some amount of classical communication. ...The question then arises as to how many bits are needed to simulate entangled states? There is very strong evidence that a single bit of communication is powerful enough to simulate projective measurements on any two-qubit entangled state. However, the problem of simulating measurements on higher-dimensional systems remains largely unexplored. In this study, we present Bell-like scenarios, even with three inputs per party, in which bipartite correlations resulting from measurements on higher-dimensional states cannot be simulated with a single bit of communication. We consider the case where the communication direction is fixed and the case where it is bidirectional. To this end, we introduce constructions based on parallel repetition of pseudo-telepathy games and an original algorithm based on branch-and-bound technique to compute the one-bit classical bound. Two copies of emblematic Bell expressions, such as the Magic square pseudo-telepathy game, prove to be particularly powerful, requiring a 16 × 16 state to beat the bidirectional one-bit classical bound, and look a promising candidate for implementation on an optical platform.
New low-temperature thermochronological data have been used to quantify the protracted, Eocene–Miocene cooling histories of upper and lower plate rocks of the Kesebir–Kardamos extensional dome, ...Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria.
40Ar/
39Ar and apatite fission-track data reveal that the lower plate has experienced continuous cooling and exhumation, since the Late Eocene. Muscovite
40Ar/
39Ar plateau ages of 36.90
±
0.16
Ma and 37.28
±
0.19
Ma (2
σ) from metamorphic rocks of the footwall reveal the approximate time span during which they cooled below ∼
350
°C during exhumation caused by detachment faulting. The sedimentary rock-hosted gold mineralization, which represents a thermal event at ∼
250–220
°C, developed during the early stage of basin formation between 34.71
±
0.16
Ma and 35.36
±
0.21
Ma (adularia
40Ar/
39Ar plateau ages; 2
σ). The termination of hydrothermal mineral deposition at Ada Tepe occurred contemporaneously with the earliest phase of calc–alkaline type magmatism at Iran Tepe (33.97
±
0.36
Ma to 34.62
±
0.46
Ma, hornblende and biotite
40Ar/
39Ar plateau ages, 2
σ). Thermal history modelling of apatite fission-track data shows that the lower plate rocks cooled through ∼
120
°C at ∼
18.3
±
1.9
Ma (1
σ).
A time–temperature model obtained from zircon and apatite fission-track data from the upper plate reveals that it was being buried during the late Eocene. At ∼
33–30
Ma, a dramatic change of the time–temperature path was caused by the initiation of horst–graben structures, resulting in rapid exhumation of the upper plate.
Our new thermochronological data reveal many aspects of the mechanisms of formation of sedimentary rock-hosted gold deposits. The heat accumulated during sedimentary burial of the upper plate is a plausible heat source to drive hydrothermal fluid circulation and ore formation. The development of large half-graben basins in the hanging walls of detachment faults, accompanied by a favourable climate, may have created a situation that was adequate to capture a primary meteoric water supply that subsequently underwent hydrothermal convection. Our new
40Ar/
39Ar age data indicate that magmatic activity was contemporaneous with gold deposition and must be considered as a source of heat, sulphur and/or a metal for the ore-forming hydrothermal system.
The preservation and exhumation of sedimentary rock-hosted ore deposits is largely controlled by the exhumation history of the upper plate, which has been quantitatively constrained by low-temperature thermochronological methods, and commences with rapid exhumation at ∼
33–30
Ma.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) steering is a form of quantum correlation that exhibits a fundamental asymmetry in the properties of quantum systems. Given two observers, Alice and Bob, there are known ...to exist bipartite entangled states which are one-way steerable in the sense that Alice can steer Bob's state, but Bob cannot steer Alice's state. Here, we generalize this phenomenon to three parties and find a cyclic property of tripartite EPR steering. In particular, we identify a three-qubit state whose reduced bipartite states are one-way steerable for arbitrary projective measurements. Moreover, the three-qubit state has a cyclic steering property in the sense that by arranging the system in a triangular configuration the neighboring parties can steer each other's states only in the same (e.g., clockwise) direction. That is, Alice can steer Bob's state, Bob can steer Charlie's state, and Charlie can steer Alice's state, but not the other way around.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of the study was to assess the awareness of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients about CRC screening methods and to investigate the relationship between awareness, socio-demographic ...characteristics and the stage in which patients with CRC are diagnosed.
The observational cross-sectional study included 275 CRC patients admitted between 2014 and 2016 to two surgical clinics from Tîrgu Mureş, Romania. Study variables were collected via face-to-face interview and from patients' observation sheets.
Only 41.5% of the patients heard about cancer screening and 6.5% about specific CRC screening methods. Mass-media was the major source of information (85.1%) followed to a much lesser extent (14.9%) by family, friends, and colleagues. Health professionals did not contribute at all to informing patients about screening methods. Awareness about screening methods was statistically associated with the patients' residence, age, and educational achievement, but not with the stage of CRC.
The level of awareness of CRC screening methods was very low among the CRC patients included in the study but it could not predict the stage in which malignancy was diagnosed, suggesting that awareness alone is not enough to bring patients to undergo early CDC screening procedures.
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