Speaking is a measure of linguistic ability and a fluent speaker is considered as a skilled language learner. In Kurdistan Region of Iraq -KRI, English is taught as a foreign language from elementary ...to university. However, Kurdish students, even university students, have challenges with speaking English and show their attitudes to speaking as one of the complex skills in language learning. This paper revealed that most learners have personal, linguistic, social, and environmental speaking challegnes. Lack of confidence, insufficient vocabulary, reluctance, nervousness while speaking, fear of making errors, lack of an appropriate setting to practice English, and lack of instructor enthusiasm were major problems of Kurdish students. This study looked at students' speech problems and their reasons. The researchers collected data from 12 second-year students in the National Institute of Technology, in sulaimaniyah city, as an example by adopting a semi-structured interview. The data were collected and analyzed in two significant categories: difficulties and reasons, with three subgroups. The research focused on psychological, social, environmental, interpersonal, and linguistic issues as challaenges of speaking difficulty, instructor and instruction, core curriculum, misuse of mother tongue, insufficient education, and classroom culture as causes of speaking inadequacy. The researchers recommend the development of a positive atmosphere, promoting knowledge acquisition, modifying teaching approaches, and rewriting courses.
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and Chat GPT technology in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction has ushered in transformative changes in language learning and assessment. ...This essay explores the multifaceted impact of AI and Chat GPT on EFL education, emphasizing their role in personalized language learning, real-time language practice, and examination techniques. AI facilitates personalized language learning by tailoring lessons to individual students' needs, promoting deeper language understanding. Real-time language practice is enhanced through dynamic interactions with AI-powered chatbots, which provide immediate feedback, boosting proficiency and confidence. In examination techniques, AI automates grading and feedback, improving efficiency and consistency, while also enhancing test security. The integration of AI and Chat GPT raises ethical considerations regarding privacy, equity, and responsible AI usage. Successful case studies, including Duolingo's language learning platform, Chat GPT in EFL classrooms, and ExamSoft's examination software, highlight the practical benefits of AI integration. The future of EFL education lies in a collaborative relationship between human teachers and AI, addressing challenges and limitations while prioritizing ethical considerations, equitable access, and meaningful human interaction. The potential for a more effective and engaging EFL learning experience is achievable with a commitment to these principles.
