In this study, we report genetic characterization of Orobanche cumana, the causal agent of sunflower wilting in Serbia. The genetic diversity of this parasitic plant in Serbia was not studied before. ...Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and partial rbcL gene sequences analysis were used to characterize the O. cumana populations at the molecular level. While phylogenetic analyses of RAPD-PCR amplicons were performed using unweighted pair-group Method analyses, rbcL gene sequences were analyzed using neigbor joining method and minimum spanning tree. Molecular analyses of RAPD-PCR analysis revealed high genetic diversity of O. cumana populations which indicated high adaptive potential of this parasitic weed in Serbia. Further analyses of rbcL gene using minimum spanning tree revealed clear differences among diverse sections of Orobanche genus. Although this molecular marker lacked the resolution to display intrapopulation diversity it could be a useful tool for understanding the evolution of this parasitic plant. Our results suggested that O. cumana has great genetic potential which can lead to differentiation of more virulent races which is important for determining crop breeding strategies for their control.
The objective of this study was to assess genotype by environment interaction for seed yield per plant in rapeseed cultivars grown in Northern Serbia by the AMMI (additive main effects and ...multiplicative interaction) model. The study comprised 19 rapeseed genotypes, analyzed in seven years through field trials arranged in a randomized complete block design, with three replicates. Seed yield per plant of the tested cultivars varied from 1.82 to 19.47 g throughout the seven seasons, with an average of 7.41 g. In the variance analysis, 72.49% of the total yield variation was explained by environment, 7.71% by differences between genotypes, and 19.09% by genotype by environment interaction. On the biplot, cultivars with high yield genetic potential had positive correlation with the seasons with optimal growing conditions, while the cultivars with lower yield potential were correlated to the years with unfavorable conditions. Seed yield per plant is highly influenced by environmental factors, which indicates the adaptability of specific genotypes to specific seasons.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a interação genótipo x ambiente para rendimento de grãos por planta em cultivares de canola cultivadas no norte da Sérvia, pelo modelo AMMI (modelo de efeitos principais aditivos e interação multiplicativa). O estudo foi composto por 19 genótipos de canola, analisados em sete anos por meio de ensaios de campo em delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com três repetições. O rendimento de grãos por planta das cultivares testadas variou de 1,82 a 19,47 g ao longo das sete estações, com média de 7,41 g. Na análise de variância, 72,49% da variação do rendimento total foi explicada pelo ambiente, 7,71% por diferenças entre os genótipos e 19,09% pela interação genótipo x ambiente. No biplot, as cultivares com alto potencial de rendimento genético tiveram correlação positiva com as estações do ano com condições favoráveis de crescimento, enquanto as cultivares com menor potencial de rendimento foram correlacionadas aos anos com condições desfavoráveis. A produção de grãos por planta é altamente influenciada por fatores ambientais, o que indica adaptabilidade de genótipos a estações de cultivo específicas.
Rapeseed is an important industrial plant in the world. In Vojvodina region of Serbia it is grown on well aerated and deep soils. Most often it is sown with the distance between the rows of 25 cm, ...and 5-6 cm within the row. The trial with three winter rapeseed genotypes (Banaćanka, Slavica and NS-H-2) was set up at Rimski Šančevi (Vojvodina) during growing seasons of 2009/2010 and 2010/2011. Seed was sown with inter row spacing of 25 cm, and spacing within the rows of 5 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm and 16 cm. The following parameters were tested upon harvesting: seed germination, 1000 seed weight, test weight, seed yield, oil content and total protein in seed. No effect of planting density was observed on rapeseed seed quality produced in 2009/10 and 2010/11, which should be kept in mind when determining the quantity of seed required for sowing.
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Three hybrid combinations obtained by crossing six winter rapeseed cultivars
were analyzed for the impact of genes with additive and dominant effects and
their interactions with inheritance of plant ...height and first lateral branch
height. The linkage among the expected progeny means was checked using the
scaling test method (Mather, 1949), while the estimates of genetic effects
and mode of inheritance was made by the Generation Mean Analysis (Mather and
Jinks, 1982). The additive dominant model did not prove adequate for plant
height in all three crosses, and for first lateral branch height in the
second and third cross. The inadequacy of the model showed epistatic gene
effects were also of large importance in the inheritance of these traits.
Duplicate epistasis for plant height inheritance was found in all three cross
combinations and for inheritance of height of the first lateral branch in
second and third cross combination. However, it should be emphasized that
duplicate epistasis among dominant positive genes occurred on plant height
inheritance in C1 and C3, and on inheritance of first lateral branch height
in C3. Duplicate epistasis among dominant negative genes occurred in C2 on
the mode of inheritance of both traits.
Genetic Diversity of Populations in Serbia Žarko Ivanović; Dragana Marisavljević; Radovan Marinković ...
The plant pathology journal,
12/2021, Volume:
37, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In this study, we report genetic characterization of Orobanche cumana, the causal agent of sunflower wilting in Serbia. The genetic diversity of this parasitic plant in Serbia was not studied before. ...Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and partial rbcL gene sequences analysis were used to characterize the O. cumana populations at the molecular level. While phylogenetic analyses of RAPD-PCR amplicons were performed using unweighted pair-group Method analyses, rbcL gene sequences were analyzed using neigbor joining method and minimum spanning tree. Molecular analyses of RAPD-PCR analysis revealed high genetic diversity of O. cumana populations which indicated high adaptive potential of this parasitic weed in Serbia. Further analyses of rbcL gene using minimum spanning tree revealed clear differences among diverse sections of Orobanche genus. Although this molecular marker lacked the resolution to display intrapopulation diversity it could be a useful tool for understanding the evolution of this parasitic plant. Our results suggested that O. cumana has great genetic potential which can lead to differentiation of more virulent races which is important for determining crop breeding strategies for their control.
Designing breeding programs for rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) cultivars with improved seed and oil yields require information about the genetic variability of traits effecting seed and oil production. ...This investigation was undertaken in order to examine phenotypic and genetic variability, broad-sense heritability, genetic gain under selection and interrelationships of some agronomic and seed quality traits of investigated genotypes. Genotypes, years and their interaction showed significant variation for all studied characters. Phenotypic variability coefficients were higher than genetic ones. Broad-sense heritability estimates ranged from 12.66% (for ripening period) up to 52.12% (for days to first pods filling). Expected genetic gain was lowest for days to maturity (0.45%) and highest for height to the first lateral branch (12.94%). The analysis of genetic correlations revealed that seed yield per plant is highly and positively associated with pods per plant, oil content, plant height and ripening period, although significant negative correlations were found between seed yield per plant and leaves per plant, days to maturity, protein content, days to first pods filling, days to flowering, height of the first lateral branch and 1000 seed weight. Genetic path-coefficient analysis indicated that pods per plant and oil content were the most important components of seed yield per plant. Their direct effects on seed yield per plant were p=0.472 and p=0.082, respectively. Protein content had highly significant negative direct effect on seed yield (p=-0.365), followed by 1000 seed weight (p=-0.017) and height to the first lateral branch (p=-0.081). These observations will support the selection of genotypes with desired traits for further rapeseed seed and oil yield improvement.
Plant height and head diameter of new hybrid combinations of sunflower were investigated. Tests were done under field conditions at experimental field of Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops from ...Novi Sad (Serbia) in Rimski Šančevi. Significant differences were determined between genotypes observing the studied characters. Plant height ranged from 192.83 cm (OD 3369 x RHA-B-1) to 250.17 cm (L-48 x Snrf-583), head diameter ranged between 20.47 cm (UK-PA 45 x Snrf 583) and 24.53 cm (UK-PA 243 x RHA-B-1). Genotypes were grouped by cluster analysis. Four groups and two separate genotypes were found regarding plant height, and three genotypes and eight independent genotypes regarding head diameter.
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Genetic variability of concentration of microelements in wild sunflower species and hybrids Kastori, R.R., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia); Maksimovic, I.V., Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad (Serbia); Marinkovic, R.Z., Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad (Serbia) ...
Zbornik Matice Srpske za Prirodne Nauke,
(2010), 2010-00-00, 2010-01-01, Volume:
2010, Issue:
118
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The aim of this research was to investigate genetic specificity of sunflower nutrition with microelements. Therefore, concentration of essential (Zn, B, Mn, Cu, Fe, and Ni) and non-essential (Cr, Al, ...Cd, As, Pb, and Ba) micronutrients were analyzed. Five sunflower hydrids the most grown in Serbia and different populations of wild sunflower species originating from North America: Helianthus neglectus, Helianthus agrophyllus, Helianthus petiolaris, Helianthis annuus were included in the experiment. Populations of wild sunflower species and hybrids differed significantly with respect to the concentration of analyzed elements. Coeficient variation of microelement concentration depended on genotype and particular elements. In wild populations, for essential microelements, it was between 3.7 and 59.5, whereas in hybrids it varied from 10.0 to 48.8. Coefficient variation of concentration of non-essential microelements in wild populations varied from 7.7 to 73.8, and in hybrids from 15.1 to 48.8. Average coefficient of variation in both wild species and hybrids was the lowest for Mn and Pb. It was the highest for Cr, Ni, and Zn in hybrids and for Cr, Ni, and Cr in wild species. The results suggest that genetic specificity with respect to uptake of microelements in wild species and hybrids is highly expressed.
Magnesium content was analysed in five of the most grown sunflower hybrids in Serbia, as well as in different populations of wild sunflower species. The highest magnesium content was found in ...Helianthus petiolaris and the lowest in Helianthus tuberosus. Different populations within each species differed significantly in magnesium content. Magnesium concentration in hybirds was significantly differt as well, and in two years it was in average between 575 and 813 mg/g DW. The results suggest that genetic variability in wild species and hybrids of sunflower is very high. This should be taken into consideration when requirements of mineral nutrition are analysed, as well as when wild species are included in breeding programs.
Days to flowering, plant height and head diameter are significant parameters which are directly or indirectly correlated with yield, main trait of sunflower. Eight CMS lines, three testers and their ...twenty four hybrids were examined by line x tester method. Significant differences were found between lines, testers and hybrids. Results showed that lines PD-3 and PD-25 had good combining abilities for the trait of days to flowering (58 days and 65 days, respectively). In the expression of plant height best combiners were PD-2 (107.5 cm) and PD-3 (108.7 cm). For head diameter lines PD-52 (24.5 cm) and MA-57 (23.2 cm) were marked as good combiners. Variance of SCA was greater than variance of GCA for all the traits. CMS lines had the greatest part in the expression of the analyzed traits. Non-additive type of gene effect was reported for all examined traits, which implies that they could be improved through heterosis breeding.
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