Cumulus cells (CCs) originating from undifferentiated granulosa cells (GCs) differentiate in mural granulosa cells (MGCs) and CCs during antrum formation in the follicle by the distribution of ...location. CCs are supporting cells of the oocyte that protect the oocyte from the microenvironment, which helps oocyte growth and maturation in the follicles. Bi-directional communications between an oocyte and CCs are necessary for the oocyte for the acquisition of maturation and early embryonic developmental competence following fertilization. Follicle-stimulation hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) surges lead to the synthesis of an extracellular matrix in CCs, and CCs undergo expansion to assist meiotic resumption of the oocyte. The function of CCs is involved in the completion of oocyte meiotic maturation and ovulation, fertilization, and subsequent early embryo development. Therefore, understanding the function of CCs during follicular development may be helpful for predicting oocyte quality and subsequent embryonic development competence, as well as pregnancy outcomes in the field of reproductive medicine and assisted reproductive technology (ART) for infertility treatment.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Inkjet printing wearable electronic devices Gao, Meng; Li, Lihong; Song, Yanlin
Journal of materials chemistry. C, Materials for optical and electronic devices,
2017, Volume:
5, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In recent years, wearable electronics have experienced tremendous development due to their promising applications in fields such as portable, flexible/stretchable human-interactive sensors, displays, ...and energy devices. To effectively fabricate wearable electronics, a high-efficient, cost-saving, and eco-friendly manufacture technology is required. Inkjet printing, which rapidly, precisely, and reproducibly deposits a broad variety of functional materials in a non-impact, addictive patterning, and maskless approach, serves as an effective tool for the fabrication of wearable electronics. In this review, the recent advances in inks, strategies, and the applications of inkjet-printed wearable electronics are summarized. Based on uniform and high-resolution patterns, well-compatible functional inks can be deposited to fabricate flexible/stretchable and durable wearable electronics. Perspectives on the remaining challenges and future developments are also proposed.
In this review, the recent advances in inks, strategies, and the applications of inkjet-printed wearable electronics have been summarized.
Stiffness variable materials have been applied in a variety of engineering fields that require adaptation, automatic modulation, and morphing because of their unique property to switch between a ...rigid, load‐bearing state and a soft, compliant state. Stiffness variable polymers comprising phase‐changing side‐chains (s‐SVPs) have densely grafted, highly crystallizable long alkyl side‐chains in a crosslinked network. Such a bottlebrush network‐like structure gives rise to rigidity modulation as a result of the reversible crystallization and melting of the side chains. The corresponding modulus changes can be more than 1000‐fold within a narrow temperature span, from ≈102 MPa to ≈102 kPa or lower. Other important properties of the s‐SVP, such as stretchability, optical transmittance, and adhesion, can also be altered. This work reviews the underlying molecular mechanisms in the s‐SVP's, discusses the material's structure–property relationship, and summarizes important applications explored so far, including reversible shape transformation, bistable electromechanical transduction, optical modulation, and reversible adhesion.
Polymers comprising side chains undergoing reversible crystallization and melting in a narrow temperature span have been synthesized for stiffness control. A modulus change of more than 1000‐fold can be achieved. Larger stiffness changes can be obtained. The phase‐changing can additionally be exploited for reversible adhesions, bistable actuation, and opacity modulation. Important applications will be discussed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A coherently coupled nonlinear Schrödinger system with the positive coherent coupling is studied in this paper, and high-order semi-rational solutions are derived by the generalized Darboux ...transformation. Dynamic of the second-order semi-rational solutions is found to be of three types: collisions between the one-hump soliton and breather (double-hump rogue waves), collisions between the double-hump soliton and breather (double-hump rogue waves), and bound states of the one-hump solitons or double-hump solitons. Furthermore, for the third-order semi-rational solutions, three double-hump solitons and three one-hump solitons are found to be attracted and repulsed with each other periodically.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This mini review provides an overview of a range of Ni‐, Co‐ and Pd‐catalyzed electroreductive cross‐coupling reactions. The combination of homogeneous transition‐metal catalysis and electrochemistry ...are green alternatives to traditional reductive cross‐coupling reactions to form Csp2‐Csp2, Csp2‐Csp3 and some Csp3‐Csp3 bonds in one step. Most of these reactions use the sacrificial anode process.
M.G. thanks the “China Scholarship Council” for the fellowship, and the authors are very grateful to the CNRS and Institut Polytechnique de Paris, which support this work.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A room temperature liquid metal based electroosmotic flow (EOF) pump has been proposed in this work. This low-cost EOF pump is convenient for both fabrication and integration. It utilizes ...polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microchannels filled with the liquid-metal as non-contact pump electrodes. The electrode channels are fabricated symmetrically to both sides of the pumping channel, having no contact with the pumping channel. To test the pumping performance of the EOF pump, the mean flow velocities of the fluid (DI water) in the EOF pumps were experimentally measured by tracing the fluorescent microparticles in the flow. To provide guidance for designing a low voltage EOF pump, parametric studies on dimensions of the electrode and pumping channels were performed in this work. According to the experimental results, the pumping speed can reach 5.93 μm s(-1) at a driving voltage of only 1.6 V, when the gap between the electrode and the pumping channel is 20 μm. Injecting a room temperature liquid metal into microchannels can provide a simple, rapid, low-cost but accurately self-aligned way to fabricate microelectrodes for EOF pumps, which is a promising method to achieve the miniaturization and integration of the EOF pump in microfluidic systems. The non-contact liquid electrodes have no influence on the fluid in the pumping channel when pumping, reducing Joule heat generation and preventing gas bubble formation at the surface of electrodes. The pump has great potential to drive a wide range of fluids, such as drug reagents, cell suspensions and biological macromolecule solutions.
Abstract
The lack of highly efficient, inexpensive catalysts severely hinders large-scale application of electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for producing hydrogen. MoS
2
as a low-cost ...candidate suffers from low catalytic performance. Herein, taking advantage of its tri-layer structure, we report a MoS
2
nanofoam catalyst co-confining selenium in surface and cobalt in inner layer, exhibiting an ultra-high large-current-density HER activity surpassing all previously reported heteroatom-doped MoS
2
. At a large current density of 1000 mA cm
−2
, a much lower overpotential of 382 mV than that of 671 mV over commercial Pt/C catalyst is achieved and stably maintained for 360 hours without decay. First-principles calculations demonstrate that inner layer-confined cobalt atoms stimulate neighbouring sulfur atoms while surface-confined selenium atoms stabilize the structure, which cooperatively enable the massive generation of both in-plane and edge active sites with optimized hydrogen adsorption activity. This strategy provides a viable route for developing MoS
2
-based catalysts for industrial HER applications.
Facing high overpotential, severe Li corrosion and degradation of electrolytes caused by the reactive oxygen species, the development of lithium–oxygen batteries is seriously limited. Although the ...iodine species have been considered to be effective redox mediators (RMs) for lowering the charging overpotential, the shuttling of oxidized I3− may attack the Li metal anode, compromising the number of RMs, cycling stability and energy efficiency. Here the intend to introduce 3‐Iodooxetane (C3H5OI, IOD) into TEGDME‐based electrolyte to form a protective SEI layer on the Li surface for defending against the attack of I3−. However, the iodine in IOD is found difficult to dissociate. To solve this problem, hard Lewis acid, aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) is proposed as the catalytic agent for dissociating the I− and triggering the ring‐opening reaction of the detached C3H5O+ ions. The former can dissociate redox couple I3−/I− while the latter can form oligomers or polymers under the attack of a nucleophile. Meanwhile, AlCl3 can form Al2O3 and LiCl inorganic species. Taking together, the introduction of IOD and AlCl3 into electrolytes can effectively derive reduced overpotential and in situ SEI layers consisting of flexible organics and rigid inorganics, endowing lithium–oxygen batteries over 150 cycles with significantly enhanced stability and lifespan.
3‐Iodooxetane (IOD) is difficult to dissociate iodine to form redox couple. AlCl3 is added to trigger the ring‐opening of IOD to release the detached C3H5O+ ions and the iodine. The former can form oligomers or polymers while the latter can dissociate redox couple I3−/I−. Meanwhile, AlCl3 can form a stable Al2O3 and LiCl‐rich SEI layer to stabilize the Li anode.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In order to achieve direct carbon-hydrogen functionalization, transition metal catalysts in combination with oxidants are mandatory. A look at this oxidative coupling process is offered.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Identifying novel drug targets to overcome resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and eradicating leukemia stem/progenitor cells are required for the treatment of chronic myelogenous ...leukemia (CML). Here, we show that ubiquitin-specific peptidase 47 (USP47) is a potential target to overcome TKI resistance. Functional analysis shows that USP47 knockdown represses proliferation of CML cells sensitive or resistant to imatinib in vitro and in vivo. The knockout of Usp47 significantly inhibits BCR-ABL and BCR-ABL
-induced CML in mice with the reduction of Lin
Sca1
c-Kit
CML stem/progenitor cells. Mechanistic studies show that stabilizing Y-box binding protein 1 contributes to USP47-mediated DNA damage repair in CML cells. Inhibiting USP47 by P22077 exerts cytotoxicity to CML cells with or without TKI resistance in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, P22077 eliminates leukemia stem/progenitor cells in CML mice. Together, targeting USP47 is a promising strategy to overcome TKI resistance and eradicate leukemia stem/progenitor cells in CML.
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