Abstract Objective: To investigate the relation between total cholesterol concentration and mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, non-cardiovascular causes, and all causes. ...Design: Population based cohort study. Subjects: 23000 men and 26000 women aged 30-54 years examined between 1974 and 1980. Main outcome measures : Mortality for the above mentioned end points for fifths of cholesterol distribution, and relative risks estimated by using Cox's proportional hazard (survival) analysis. Adjustment was made for age, smoking, systolic blood pressure, and body mass index. Results: Mortality from coronary heart disease in men was five times higher than that in women. A strong positive association between total cholesterol concentration and mortality from coronary heart disease and cardiovascular diseases was observed in both men and women. The relative risk for the highest compared with the lowest fifth of the cholesterol distribution was for mortality from coronary heart disease (3.0 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 5.1) in men and 3.8 (1.1 to 13.1) in women) and for mortality from cardiovascular disease (2.8 (1.8 to 4.2) in men and 2.9 (1.4 to 6.0) in women). No increase of non-cardiovascular mortality at low cholesterol concentration was observed. All cause mortality was significantly higher in the highest compared with the lowest fifth of the cholesterol distribution: relative risk 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) in men and 1.5 (1.1 to 1.9) in women. Conclusion: Total cholesterol concentration is a strong predictor of mortality from coronary heart disease, cardiovascular diseases, and all causes in women as well as in men. Low cholesterol concentrations are not associated with increased mortality from non-cardiovascular causes.
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BFBNIB, CMK, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
To gain insight into the prevalence of and trends in plasma cholesterol levels in the general population of the Netherlands, a monitoring project was carried out from 1987 to 1992.
Each year a random ...sample of men and women aged 20-59 years in three towns in the Netherlands was invited to participate in the study. The overall response rate was 50% for men and 57% for women and a total of almost 42,000 men and women participated. Total (TC) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was measured and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio was computed. Data were age-standardized to the Dutch population distribution aged 20-59 years.
The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia (TC > or = 6.5 mmol/l) in men ranged from 5% in the youngest (20-29 years) to 29% in the oldest age group (50-59 years), and from 4% to 38% in women. Low HDL-C levels (< or = 0.9 mmol/l) in men ranged from 15% in the youngest to 26% in the oldest age group, and in women from 4% in the youngest to 7% in the oldest age group. The lipid profile of those with a higher educational level was more favourable than that of the less educated. From 1987 to 1992, in men, TC decreased by 0.12 mmol/l, HDL-C decreased by 0.07 mmol/l and the non-HDL-C/HDL-C ratio increased by 0.22. In women no statistically significant changes were observed. Changes over time did not differ according to age and educational level.
The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia is still high in the Netherlands. During the period 1987-1992 the lipid profile worsened in men and remained stable in women.
Coffee intake and incidence of hypertension1,2,3 Cuno SPM Uiterwaal; Verschuren, WM Monique; H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita ...
The American journal of clinical nutrition,
03/2007, Volume:
85, Issue:
3
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The long-term longitudinal evidence for a relation between coffee intake and hypertension is relatively scarce. The objective was to assess whether coffee intake is associated with the incidence of ...hypertension. This study was conducted on a cohort of 2985 men and 3383 women who had a baseline visit and follow-up visits after 6 and 11 y. Baseline coffee intake was ascertained with questionnaires and categorized into 0, >0-3, >3-6, and >6 cups/d. Hypertension was defined as a mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 140 mm Hg over both follow-up measurements, a mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥90 mm Hg over both follow-up measurements, or the use of antihypertensive medication at any follow-up measurement. Coffee abstainers at baseline had a lower risk of hypertension than did those with a coffee intake of >0-3 cups/d odds ratio (OR): 0.54; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.92. Women who drank >6 cups/d had a lower risk than did women who drank >0-3 cups/d (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.98). Subjects aged ≥39 y at baseline had 0.35 mm Hg (95% CI: -0.59, - 0.11 mm Hg) lower SBP per cup intake/d and 0.11 mm Hg lower DBP (95% CI: -0.26, 0.03 mm Hg) than did those aged <39 y at baseline, although the difference in DBP was not statistically significant. Coffee abstinence is associated with a lower hypertension risk than is low coffee consumption. An inverse U-shaped relation between coffee intake and risk of hypertension was observed in the women.
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CMK, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To assess cardiovascular risk factors over time in patients who received chemotherapy for disseminated testicular cancer and were apparently cured.
Cohort study.
Referral center.
Fifty-seven ...consecutive patients (median age, 28 years; range, 16 to 43 years) who received cisplatin-containing chemotherapy between 1978 and 1985.
Serum cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, kidney function, and hormonal status were monitored during follow-up after chemotherapy (median follow-up, 88 months; range, 56 to 143 months). The BMI and cholesterol values obtained 4 to 6 years after chemotherapy were compared with values from a sample of healthy, age-matched Dutch men; the cholesterol level was also compared with that of 31 patients treated with orchidectomy for stage I disease.
The mean cholesterol level in patients at the start of chemotherapy was 3.96 +/- 0.98 mmol/L 153 +/- 38 mg/dL, increasing 4 to 6 years later to 6.12 +/- 1.20 mmol/L 237 +/- 46 mg/dL (P less than 0.001); 49 of 57 patients had an elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level (greater than 3.4 mmol/L 130 mg/dL), with a mean level of 4.47 +/- 1.05 mmol/L 173 +/- 41 mg/dL. Compared with a sample of healthy Dutch men, the chemotherapy group had an elevated cholesterol level (P less than 0.05). At 4 to 6 years, the mean HDL cholesterol level was 0.76 +/- 0.18 mmol/L 29 +/- 7 mg/dL, which was low compared with that of the healthy Dutch men (P less than 0.05). The mean BMI for all patients was 2.8% higher than expected 4 to 6 years after chemotherapy (P less than 0.01) but was not higher than expected 7 to 10 years after chemotherapy.
In addition to other known late side effects of chemotherapy in patients with testicular cancer, hypercholesterolemia and overweight might represent risk factors for cardiovascular disease in such patients, especially in those who are younger.
Community-based health promotion is a widely advocated strategy in public health to favorably alter lifestyle. The aim of this study was to investigate the net effect of a cardiovascular ...disease-prevention program (Hartslag Limburg) on lifestyle factors after 5 years of intervention (1998-2003). Methods In a cohort study, 5-year mean changes in lifestyle factors (energy intake; fat intake; time spent on leisure-time physical activity; walking, bicycling, and sports; and smoking behavior) between subjects from the intervention area (n=2356) and the control area (n=758) were compared for men and women and for those with a low (less than intermediate secondary education) and a moderate (intermediate vocational or higher secondary education) or high (higher vocational education or university) educational level. Adjustments were made for age and the mean of the individual pre- and post-intervention measurement of the variable under study. When stratifying for gender, adjustments were made for educational level, and vice versa. Results In general, lifestyle factors changed unfavorably in the control group, whereas changes were less pronounced or absent in the intervention group. The adjusted difference in mean change in lifestyle factors between the intervention group and the control group was significant (p<=0.05) for energy intake (-0.2 megajoule per day among both women and those with a low educational level); fat intake (-2.5 grams per day g/d among women and -3 g/d among those with a low educational level); time spent walking (+2.2 hours per week hrs/wk among women and +2.3 hrs/wk among those with a low educational level); time spent on total leisure-time physical activity (+2.1 hrs/wk among women); and time spent bicycling (+0.6 hrs/wk among those with a low educational level). Conclusions The community intervention Hartslag Limburg succeeded in preventing age- and time-related unfavorable changes in energy intake, fat consumption, walking, and bicycling, particularly among women and those with low SES. Copyright American Journal of Preventive Medicine; published by Elsevier Inc.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The 2012 version of the European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention is presented. The guidelines focus on a number of topics, ranging from heart disease prevention, to diet, exercise and ...smoking cessation.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FSPLJ, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
This study investigated the relation between alcohol consumption and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among 10 530-hypertensive women from the EPIC-NL cohort.
Alcohol consumption was assessed ...using a validated food-frequency questionnaire and participants were followed for occurrence of CVD. During 9.4 years follow-up, we documented 580 coronary heart disease (CHD) events and 254 strokes, 165 of which were ischemic. An inverse association (Ptrend=0.009) between alcohol consumption and risk of CHD was observed with a multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio of 0.72 (95% confidence interval: 0.52-1.01) for those consuming 70-139.9 g alcohol/week compared to lifetime abstainers. Of different beverages, only red wine consumption was associated with a reduced risk of CHD. A U-shaped relation (P=0.08) was observed for total stroke with a hazard ratio of 0.65 (0.44-0.95) for consuming 5-69.9 g alcohol/week compared with lifetime abstainers. Similar results were observed for ischemic stroke with a hazard ratio of 0.56 (0.35-0.89) for consuming of 5-69.9 g alcohol/week.
We conclude that moderate alcohol consumption is associated with a reduced risk of CHD among hypertensive women. Light alcohol consumption tended to be related to a lower risk of stroke. Current guidelines for alcohol consumption in the general population also apply to hypertensive women.
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