Wheat common bunt caused by Tilletia laevis (Kühn) and T. caries (Bjerk.) Wint., is one of the world's most destructive diseases (He et al., 2022). In June 2022, we observed wheat common bunt ...symptoms in ten fields of city Mingora in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan (35.2227°N, 72.4258°E) with spring cultivar Galaxy 2013. The corresponding disease heads were collected to isolate and characterized the causal agent of wheat common bunt. Teliospores morphology, germination, and disease symptoms revealed that fungal isolates belong to Tilletia laevis, which cause common bunt disease of wheat. After Koch's postulates, the artificially inoculated plants showed similar symptoms to those observed in the fields with same teliospores morphology and germination. Tilletia laevis was also confirmed through molecular characterization using sequence characterized amplification region (SCAR) markers specific for T. laevis and obtained 660 bp bands from leaves, stem and heads from artificially inoculated plants. Therefore, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of T. laevis causing common bunt in Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
•Common bunt of wheat is a serious wheat caused by Tilletia laevis.•Common bunt reported first time in Swat District, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.•Confirmation has been done on the base of symptoms, teliospore morphology and SCAR markers.•Chemical seed treatment and resistant varieties are best management practices to control common bunt disease.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on hematology and hematopoiesis might vary with different PEMF parameters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of PEMF ...exposure at different pulses on hematologic and hematopoietic parameters in mice. Groups of male BALB/c mice were whole body exposed or were sham exposed (control) to PEMF at 100, 1000, and 10000 pulses. After PEMF exposure, blood samples and bone marrow cells of mice were collected for hematologic examinations, bone marrow nucleated cell counting, colony-forming units of granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) colony assay, and serum granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) assay. Compared with the control group, white blood cells (WBC) and lymphocytes (LYM) in the 100 and 1000 pulses exposed groups were significantly increased but not changed in the 10000 pulses exposed group. Red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), and platelets (PLT) were not changed in all exposed groups. There was no significant difference in mouse bone marrow nucleated cell number between the control group and each exposed group 7 days after PEMF exposure. The CFU-GM clone number of bone marrow cells and serum GM-CSF level were significantly increased in the 100 and 1000 pulses exposed group but not changed in the 10000 pulses exposed group. Our results indicated that the PEMF exposure at fewer pulses may induce statistically significant alterations in some hematologic and hematopoietic parameters of mice but no changes can be found in the more pulses PEMF-exposed groups.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is one of the most common soft tissue sarcomas. Previous studies have shown that MET protein overexpressed in MFS patients and can serve as a prognostic factor. The reasons for ...MET protein overexpression include amplification of the MET gene, which is located on chromosome 7q. Triggered by an index case harboring chromosome 7 polysomy rather than MET gene amplification in myxofibrosarcoma, we investigated chromosome 7 polysomy in more cases.
Immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were performed in 30 MFS cases (including 2 epithelioid variant) to detect the expression of MET protein and gene status.
MET was overexpressed in 14 cases out of 30, while thirteen cases were in higher FNCLCC grades (Grade 2-3). FISH showed that 11 cases having 3 signals on average of Met and more than 3 signals (Mean: 4.6) of centromere 7q (CEP7q). The MET/CEP7 ratio was about 0.65 on average, suggesting that chromosome 7 polysomy, rather than Met gene amplification, leading to the overexpression of MET protein in MFS. MET overexpression and chromosome 7 polysomy are positively correlated with higher Ki-67 index and higher grade and might have a high risk of local recurrence and metastasis.
It might reveals another explain of MET overexpression in myxofibrosarcoma, providing a clue for the therapy of MFS.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Sepsis/multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) is a major cause of high mortality in the intensive care unit. We have recently reported that 100% oxygen treatment is beneficial to mice with ...zymosan-induced sterile inflammation by increasing antioxidant enzymatic activities. Yet, the use of hyperoxia is hindered by concerns that it could exacerbate organ injury by increasing free radical formation. It is believed that systemic inflammation and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the mechanism underlying sepsis/MODS. A ROS scavenger has been proven to protect against sepsis/MODS in some animal models. Therefore, we hypothesized that ROS scavenger pretreatment might enhance the protective action of 100% oxygen treatment against zymosan-induced sterile inflammation in mice. In the present study, we showed that 100% oxygen treatment prevented the abnormal changes in serum biochemical parameters, tissue oxygenation, and organ histopathology, and improved the 14-day survival rate in zymosan-stimulated mice, indicating that 100% oxygen treatment had a protective action on sterile inflammation. We found that pretreatment with a ROS scavenger (N-acetylcysteine, vitamin C, or dimethylthiourea) abolished this protective action of 100% oxygen treatment. We also showed that 100% oxygen treatment decreased the levels of serum proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, and high-mobility group box 1), increased the level of serum anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10), and upregulated the activities of serum and tissue antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) in zymosan-stimulated mice, which were reversed by the pretreatment with a ROS scavenger (N-acetylcysteine, vitamin C, or dimethylthiourea). We thus conclude that ROS scavenger pretreatment partly abolishes the protective effects of 100% oxygen treatment on sterile inflammation in mice by regulating inflammatory cytokines as well as antioxidant enzymes.
Cytological examination of urine sediment is a helpful diagnostic tool for identifying renal involvement by hematological malignancies. We present the case of a 47‐year‐old man who was diagnosed with ...extranodal B‐lymphoblastic lymphomas after presenting with gross hematuria as his first symptom. The presence of lymphoma cells in the urine led to a diagnosis confirmed through an immunophenotypic study using cell block sections of urine centrifuge sediment and core needle biopsy histology of the right renal pelvis mass. This case highlights the usefulness of a urine cytological study in diagnosing lymphoma involvement in the genitourinary tract. Furthermore, this paper reviews relevant literature on diagnosing lymphoma involvement from urine sediment.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) of the breast, and especially its malignant transformation, is extremely rare and represents a diagnostic pitfall. Molecular alterations in this entity have not been ...investigated. We aimed to examine the clinicopathological features of our breast PAs and perform molecular analysis.
Methods and results
Seven cases of breast PA, including two cases of carcinoma ex PA, were analysed. PLAG1 and HMGA2 gene rearrangements were assayed by fluorescence in‐situ hybridisation (FISH) and RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq), respectively. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and Sanger sequencing were used to verify RNA sequencing results. All seven cases of breast PA occurred in women. The histological features were similar to the analogous tumour in salivary glands, including a dual epithelial–myoepithelial component and negativity of oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) by immunohistochemistry. Of the two cases with carcinoma ex PA, one demonstrated minimal invasion and one was extensively invasive. PLAG1 rearrangements were identified in two cases (28.6%), but no rearrangements of HMG2A were found. A novel fusion product in PAs, TRPS1–PLAG1, was identified in one case. No patients had recurrence or metastasis with a follow‐up period of 6–158 months.
Conclusions
Breast PA is rare, but it is an important differential diagnosis of breast pathology with the potential to develop carcinoma ex PA. We report a novel TRPS1–PLAG1 fusion gene in breast PA.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Enhancer of zest homolog 2 (EZH2), a histone 3 methyltransferase, is associated with aggressive behavior of many tumors and is a promising target of molecular therapy.
To better elucidate the ...relevance of EZH2 in breast cancer subtypes, we evaluated EZH2 expression in 226 invasive breast carcinomas with four distinct immunophenotypes and in association with clinicopathological features.
Of these cases, 138 (61.1 %) were defined as EZH2-overexpressing with a multiplicative score > 3. EZH2 expression was inversely related to the status of ER and PR (Chi-square, p < 0.001), and it was significantly associated with HER2 positivity, high proliferative index, and high histologic grade (Chi-square, p < 0.05). ER-positive breast carcinoma with low proliferative index (Ki67 < 14 %) showed the lowest expression and triple-negative breast carcinoma showed the highest overexpression of EZH2, 18.5 % (10/54) versus 90.9 % (50/55) (Chi-square, p < 0.001). Intriguingly, 88 % (44/50) cases of grade 3 triple-negative breast carcinoma showed uniformly strong EZH2 expression with a multiplicative score of 9. The percentage of EZH2 overexpression in ER-positive breast carcinoma with a high proliferative index or HER2-positive cases were 61.2 and 74 %, respectively. Furthermore, EZH2 expression was significantly elevated in high-grade DCIS compared to benign lesions (90 % versus 0, p < 0.001). However, there is no association between EZH2 expression and the status of histone 3 lysine 27 trimethylation or other clinicopathologic features.
In summary, triple-negative breast carcinoma showed the highest overexpression of EZH2. EZH2 overexpression is associated aggressive pathologic features including high nuclear grade, high proliferative index, and positivity of HER2 of breast carcinoma.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Chinese Spell Checking (CSC) task aims to detect and correct Chinese spelling errors. Recently, related researches focus on introducing character similarity from confusion set to enhance the CSC ...models, ignoring the context of characters that contain richer information. To make better use of contextual information, we propose a simple yet effective Curriculum Learning (CL) framework for the CSC task. With the help of our model-agnostic CL framework, existing CSC models will be trained from easy to difficult as humans learn Chinese characters and achieve further performance improvements. Extensive experiments and detailed analyses on widely used SIGHAN datasets show that our method outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods. More instructively, our study empirically suggests that contextual similarity is more valuable than character similarity for the CSC task.
Highlights • 2800 pulses 400 kV/m PEMF exposure can suppress the proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. • 400 pulses 400 kV/m PEMF exposure cannot affect the ...proliferation, differentiation and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. • Pulse number is another involved parameter which may influence the effects of PEMF on osteogenesis of osteoblasts.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Sepsis is a leading cause of death in patients with critical illness. However, there is no effective therapy available. Recent studies have suggested that ventilation with 100% oxygen (Oxy) can ...improve the survival rate and organ function in several shock models. However, a lot of work is necessary to be done before its clinical application, and its detailed mechanism remains to be clarified. In the present study, we showed that 100% Oxy inhalation for 2 or 3 h starting at 4 and 12 h after zymosan (ZY) injection, respectively, prevented the abnormal changes of serum biochemical parameters, tissue oxygenation, and organ histopathology, and improved the 14-day survival rate from 10% to 60% to 80% in mice. However, 100% Oxy inhalation for 1 or 4 h starting at the same time points has little preventive effects. We also showed that twice 100% Oxy inhalation for 2 or 3 h attenuated the increase of inflammatory cytokines and precluded the downregulation of antioxidant enzymatic activities. We further showed that the therapeutic time window of Oxy treatment against sterile sepsis was less than 12 h after ZY injection. We conclude that 100% Oxy inhalation for 2 or 3 h starting 4 and 12 h after ZY injection, respectively, protects against ZY-induced sterile sepsis via regulating inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant system in mice. The present results may provide a potential cue for developing more effective therapeutic strategies for patients with sepsis.
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