A novel CrCoNiSix (x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) medium entropy alloys (MEAs) system was designed to achieve enhanced strength and ductility. The CrCoNiSix MEAs are all single-phase face-centered cubic (FCC) ...structure. The recrystallization rate and average grain size obviously increase with the increase of Si. Compared to CrCoNi MEA, the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and uniform elongation (UE) of CrCoNiSi0.3 MEA were increased from 790 MPa to 960 MPa and 58% to 92%, respectively, and the product of UTS and total elongation (TE) increased up to 88 GPa% (46 GPa% for CoCrNi MEA), superior to most high strength-ductility alloys. The stacking-fault energy (SFE) in the Si-added MEAs decreases with Si addition, as proved by thermodynamic model. Therefore, the underlying strengthening mechanism is the reduction of SFE and increase in the lattice distortion via Si addition. More concentrated and thinner deformation twins and multiple twinning structures were observed in Si-added MEAs. Furthermore, a nanoscale diffusionless transformation from the FCC to the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) phase occurred at room-temperature tension in Si-added MEAs, which further increased the work hardening and uniform elongation. This work provides a new and significant approach to break through the strength-ductility trade-off in FCC MEAs/HEAs, especially serving as energy-absorbing materials.
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•The strength and ductility of CrCoNi MEA are both significantly improved by adding Si element.•CrCoNiSi0.3 MEA exhibits outstanding product of ultimate tensile strength and total elongation, exceeding most of existing alloys tensioned at room temperature.•The recrystallization rate and the average grain size are obviously increased with the increase of Si content.•Nanoscale transformation from FCC to HCP phase occurs at ambient temperature deformation for Si-added CrCoNiSix MEA.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Gas sensors are applied for facilitating the safe use of hydrogen in, for example, fuel cell and hydrogen fuelled vehicles. New sensor developments, aimed at meeting the increasingly stringent ...performance requirements in emerging applications, are reviewed. The strategy of combining different detection principles, i.e. sensors based on electrochemical cells, semiconductors or field effects in combination with thermal conductivity sensing or catalytic combustion elements, in one new measuring system is reported. This extends the dynamic measuring range of the sensor while improving sensor reliability to achieve higher safety integrity through diverse redundancy. The application of new nanoscaled materials, nanowires, carbon tubes and graphene as well as the improvements in electronic components and optical elements are evaluated in view of key operating parameters such as measuring range, sensor response time and low working temperature.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Sensitive detection of off-target effects is important for translating CRISPR-Cas9 nucleases into human therapeutics. In vitro biochemical methods for finding off-targets offer the potential ...advantages of greater reproducibility and scalability while avoiding limitations associated with strategies that require the culture and manipulation of living cells. Here we describe circularization for in vitro reporting of cleavage effects by sequencing (CIRCLE-seq), a highly sensitive, sequencing-efficient in vitro screening strategy that outperforms existing cell-based or biochemical approaches for identifying CRISPR-Cas9 genome-wide off-target mutations. In contrast to previously described in vitro methods, we show that CIRCLE-seq can be practiced using widely accessible next-generation sequencing technology and does not require reference genome sequences. Importantly, CIRCLE-seq can be used to identify off-target mutations associated with cell-type-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms, demonstrating the feasibility and importance of generating personalized specificity profiles. CIRCLE-seq provides an accessible, rapid, and comprehensive method for identifying genome-wide off-target mutations of CRISPR-Cas9.
Augmented reality (AR) has the potential to create compelling learning experiences. However, there are few research works exploring the design and evaluation of AR for educational settings. In our ...research, we treat AR as a type of multimedia that is situated in authentic environments and apply multimedia learning theory as a framework for developing our educational applications. We share our experiences in developing a handheld AR system and one specific use case, namely, situated vocabulary learning. Results of our evaluations show that we are able to create AR applications with good system usability. More importantly, our preliminary evaluations show that AR may lead to better retention of words and improve student attention and satisfaction.
Electricity grids are critical infrastructures. They are credible targets of active (e.g., terrorist) attacks since their disruption may lead to sizable losses economically and in human lives. It is ...thus crucial to develop decision support that can guide administrators in deploying defense resources for system security and reliability. Prior work on the defense of critical infrastructures has typically used static or Stackelberg games. These approaches view network interdictions as one-time events. However, infrastructure protection is also a continual process in which the defender and attacker interact to produce dynamic states affecting their best actions, as witnessed in the continual attack and defense of transmission networks in Colombia and Yemen. In this paper, we use zero-sum Markov games to model these interactions subject to underlying uncertainties of real-world events and actions. We solve equilibrium mixed strategies of the players that maximize their respective minimum payoffs with a time-decayed metric. We also show how the defender can use deception as a defense mechanism. Using results for a 5-bus system, a WECC 9-bus system, and an IEEE standard 14-bus system, we illustrate that our game model can provide useful insights. We also contrast our results with those of static games, and quantify the gain in defender payoff due to misinformation of the attacker.
The addition of daratumumab to lenalidomide and dexamethasone resulted in superior response rate and progression-free survival, as compared with lenalidomide and dexamethasone alone, at a cost of ...more frequent neutropenia and infusion reactions.
The incorporation of proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs into the standard of care has improved outcomes in patients with multiple myeloma over the past 10 years,
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but most patients still eventually have a relapse.
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Relapse can occur even after standard complete remission in the context of first-line therapy, and studies are therefore evaluating deeper responses in a category termed “minimal residual disease–negative” (i.e., results below the threshold for minimal residual disease) that is prognostic with regard to a rate of disease progression in a time-to-event analysis and overall survival.
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However, this category of minimal residual disease status has . . .
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