Ti
3
AlC
2
reinforced 2009Al (Ti
3
AlC
2
/2009Al) composites with various Ti
3
AlC
2
concentrations were fabricated by high energy ball milling combined with powder metallurgy. Microstructure, phases ...and mechanical properties of Ti
3
AlC
2
/2009Al composites were investigated. The results indicate that, only a few and fine reaction product of AlTi
2
could be detected, indicating that the interface reaction was effectively controlled. Ti
3
AlC
2
extraction and delamination effectively facilitated the compatible deformation between Ti
3
AlC
2
and Al matrix. All of these resulted in a much higher strength (688 MPa) and elongation (8.6%) of the Ti
3
AlC
2
/2009Al composite, as compared with most of the nanoreinforced aluminum matrix composites.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
A series of BiOCl samples were synthesized in the vapor environment of isopropanol and deionized water with different volume ratios. It was observed that the crystal lattice, nucleation and growth, ...morphology, specific surface area, elemental chemical states, valence band density of states, optical properties and photocatalytic performance of BiOCl can be easily tuned by the component and volume of the vapor. The degradation rate of RhB upon BiOCl changes in the broad range of 5.7 × 10−2 min−1–18.2 × 10−2 min−1. The photoluminescence intensity is approximately proportional to the total defect concentration of Bi+3−x, Bi+3+x, –OH and Ov, indicating that these defects act as the recombination centers, detrimental to the photocatalytic performance. Therefore, the decrease in the defect concentration enables to improve the photocatalytic performance. Furthermore, the degradation rate of RhB by BiOCl is almost proportional to the ratio of exposed (001) face. This work reports a simple, effective and low-cost method to synthesize the catalyst with high performance.
BiOCl samples were synthesized via the vapor thermal method with different ratios and volumes of isopropanol and deionized water. The vapor environment easily changed the crystal lattice, chemical states, nucleation and growth, morphology, and the amplitude of the valence band density of states, and hence the photocatalytic performance. The degradation rate of RhB upon BiOCl was changed from 5.7 to 18.2 (10−2 min−1), which is inversely proportional to the total defect concentration. Display omitted
•For the first time, BiOCl was synthesized in the vapor environment of isopropanol and water.•Vapor environment easily changed the lattice and electronic states of BiOCl.•Vapor environment changed degradation rate to RhB from 5.7 to 18.2 (10−2 min−1).•The degradation rate to RhB is inversely proportional to defect concentration.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
With respect to the magnetic properties under the pressure for the ferromagnetic metallic system La1−xCaxMnO3(0.18 ≤x < 0.5), the main results concluded previously are as follows: the pressure ...suppresses the Jahn-Teller (J-T) distortion and promotes the Mn3+-O-Mn4+ double-exchange (DE), consequently increasing the magnetization and metallic conduction as well as the paramagnetic-ferromagnetic transition temperature (Tc). In this work, the magnetic properties under the pressure and the electrical transportation under the magnetic field for La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 polycrystalline were investigated. The pressure induces the antiferromagnetic coupling of the ferromagnetic clusters in the paramagnetic region above Tc, suppresses the J-T distortion around Tc and enhances the DE interaction, hence increasing Tc, and enhances the distortion of MnO6 octahedra in the ferromagnetic metallic region below Tc, resulting in the decrease of magnetization. The pressure induces the variation of anisotropy at the temperature far above Tc. These facts confirm that the effects of pressure depend on the ground-state properties of charge, spin and lattice. The resistivity measured under the different magnetic fields exhibits the magnetoresistance (MR) effects. MR appears a peak at 255 K, due to the enhanced DE interaction by the magnetic field and the increase in the kinetic energy of the eg electrons.
The effects of pressure on the magnetic property of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 depend on the temperature-region. In application of the pressure, we observed the anisotropy variation far above Tc, the monotonous increase in Tc with the average pressure coefficient of 15.5 K/GPa and the increase in magentization around Tc, and the reduction of magentization below Tc. This work provides an effective analytical means for revealing the mechanism how the pressure influences on the magnetic properties of perovskite manganites. Display omitted
•Effects of pressure on the magnetic property of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 was investigated.•Pressure effects depend on the temperature-region.•Pressure effects depend on distortion degree of MnO6 octahedra.•The anisotropy variation far above Tc induced by pressure was observed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The aim of this study was to design and fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) printed artificial ovary.
We first compared the printability of gelatin-methacryloyl (GelMA), alginate and GelMA-alginate ...bioinks, of which GelMA was selected for further investigation. The swelling properties, degradation kinetics and shape fidelity of GelMA scaffolds were characterized by equilibrium swelling/lyophilization, collagenase processing and micro-computed tomography evaluation. Commercial ovarian tumor cell lines (COV434, KGN, ID8) and primary culture ovarian somatic cells were utilized to perform cell-laden 3D printing, and the results were evaluated by live/dead assays and TUNEL detection. Murine ovarian follicles were seeded in the ovarian scaffold and their diameters were recorded every day. Finally, in vitro maturation was performed, and the ovulated oocytes were collected and observed.
Our results indicated that GelMA was suitable for 3D printing fabrication. Its scaffolds performed well in terms of hygroscopicity, degradation kinetics and shape fidelity. The viability of ovarian somatic cells was lower than that of commercial cell lines, suggesting that extrusion-based 3D culture fabrication is not suitable for primary ovarian cells. Nevertheless, the GelMA-based 3D printing system provided an appropriate microenvironment for ovarian follicles, which successfully grew and ovulated in the scaffolds. Metaphase II oocytes were also observed after in vitro maturation.
The GelMA-based 3D printing culture system is a viable alternative option for follicular growth, development and transfer. Accordingly, it shows promise for clinical application in the treatment of female endocrine and reproductive conditions.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We present a history‐dependent model of the equatorial plasma density of the inner magnetosphere using a feedforward neural network with two hidden layers. As the model inputs, we take locations and ...time series of SYM‐H, AL, and F10.7 indices. By considering not only the instantaneous values but also the past values of geomagnetic and solar indices, the model is history dependent on levels of geomagnetic and solar activity. The modeled electron density is continuous both spatially and temporally so that the evolution of the density can be studied (such as plasmaspheric refilling). The model is trained using the electron density inferred from the spacecraft potential from three THEMIS probes. The equatorial electron density is shown to be accurately reconstructed with a correlation coefficient of r ~ 0.953 between data and model target. Since the model is history dependent, it succeeds in reconstructing various density features and dynamic behaviors, such as the quiet time plasmasphere, erosion and recovery of the plasmasphere, as well as the plume formation during a storm on 4 February 2011. Our model may provide unprecedented insight into the behavior of the equatorial density at any time and location; as an example we show the inferred refilling rate from our model and compare it to previous estimates.
Key Points
We developed a history‐dependent plasma density model covering the inner magnetosphere using a neural network
The model successfully reconstructed the quiet time structure, erosion and refilling of the plasmasphere and plume formation
The model could be immensely useful for space weather and other applications
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Comprehensive research on ethnic disparities in dental caries in China is limited. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to compare the levels of dental caries in adolescents between the Han ...ethnic group and ethnic minority groups in China and to explore the risk indicators for dental caries within ethnic subgroups. Data from the Fourth National Oral Health Survey in 2015, which covered all 31 province-level administrative divisions in mainland China, were used. The dental caries status in the permanent dentition of adolescents aged 12, 13, 14, and 15 y was measured using the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DFMT) score, and sociodemographic characteristics and oral health–related behaviors were also collected. A total of 118,601 adolescents were included, with ethnic minority groups accounting for 13.15%. Of the Han and minority groups, the standardized prevalence of dental caries experience was 40.58% and 47.67%, and the mean DMFT scores were 0.97 and 1.28, respectively. According to the multivariate zero-inflated negative binomial regression analysis, the caries status of minorities was more severe than Han adolescents (adjusted prevalence rate ratio PRR, 1.14; 95% confidence interval CI, 1.10–1.18). This disparity was greater among adolescents who lived in rural areas, had mid-level economic status, and frequently consumed sugary beverages. After propensity score matchings, Uygur (PRR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.25–1.67), Tibetan (PRR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.3–1.48), and Yi (PRR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04–1.48) adolescents were significantly more likely to have caries than Han adolescents. Subgroup analyses revealed that gender, age, location of residence, economic status, region, consumption of sweet snacks and sugary beverages, and dental visit pattern were significantly associated with dental caries within ethnic minorities.
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CMK, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors are standard treatments for advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC). This phase III RENOTORCH study compared the ...efficacy and safety of toripalimab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for the first-line treatment of patients with intermediate-/poor-risk advanced RCC.
Patients with intermediate-/poor-risk unresectable or metastatic RCC were randomized in a ratio of 1 : 1 to receive toripalimab (240 mg intravenously once every 3 weeks) plus axitinib (5 mg orally twice daily) or sunitinib 50 mg orally once daily for 4 weeks (6-week cycle) or 2 weeks (3-week cycle). The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS) assessed by an independent review committee (IRC). The secondary endpoints were investigator-assessed PFS, overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and safety.
A total of 421 patients were randomized to receive toripalimab plus axitinib (n = 210) or sunitinib (n = 211). With a median follow-up of 14.6 months, toripalimab plus axitinib significantly reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 35% compared with sunitinib as assessed by an IRC hazard ratio (HR) 0.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-0.86; P = 0.0028. The median PFS was 18.0 months in the toripalimab–axitinib group, whereas it was 9.8 months in the sunitinib group. The IRC-assessed ORR was significantly higher in the toripalimab–axitinib group compared with the sunitinib group (56.7% versus 30.8%; P < 0.0001). An OS trend favoring toripalimab plus axitinib was also observed (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.40-0.92). Treatment-related grade ≥3 adverse events occurred in 61.5% of patients in the toripalimab–axitinib group and 58.6% of patients in the sunitinib group.
In patients with previously untreated intermediate-/poor-risk advanced RCC, toripalimab plus axitinib provided significantly longer PFS and higher ORR than sunitinib and had a manageable safety profile
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04394975
•Toripalimab plus axitinib provided significantly better PFS than sunitinib as a first-line treatment for advanced RCC.•A significantly higher ORR was found in patients who received toripalimab plus axitinib than those who received sunitinib.•The combination of toripalimab plus axitinib was generally well tolerated.•No new safety signals were identified in the combination outside the known safety profile of toripalimab or axitinib.
Single-crystal perovskite LaBaCo2O6-δ (LBCO) films grown on (001) MgO substrates were fabricated into the micro-sensors with line widths of 30–200 μm by a precision process technology. The LBCO ...micro-sensors exhibited nearly identical performance with long-term stability in detection of ethanol. In the humid environment, the LBCO micro-sensors were demonstrated to have the gas responses independent on humidity while the response time exhibited almost exponential increase with the increase in humidity, thus having great potential of simultaneously monitoring ethanol and humidity. In addition, the gas sensing properties were investigated using air and Ar flows as the carrier gases, and the oxygen vacancy model was suggested to be the major mechanism responsible for detection of reducing gases.
Display omitted
•Single-crystal LBCO micro-sensors with good long-term stability are reported.•Nearly identical gas responses do not depend on humidity.•LBCO sensors have potential in monitoring ethanol and humidity simultaneously.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A design method for a dynamically tunable multifunctional device, which is insensitive to polarization while maintaining unbroken reciprocity, is proposed. The device utilizes a multilayer composite ...symmetrical structure incorporating vanadium dioxide (VO
). This design enables dynamic switching among the functions of linear polarization conversion, filtering, and absorption. In the polarization conversion state, the device achieves orthogonal deflection of incident waves at any polarization angle, with a polarization conversion ratio (PCR) exceeding 95%. When switched to the filtering function, a band-stop filter with a -20 dB bandwidth of 0.56 THz is obtained. In the absorption function, the device exhibits a peak absorption efficiency of up to 99%. Furthermore, the paper discusses the potential for a dual-band device based on the proposed structure. The device maintains reciprocity in all functions and effectively handles incident waves from both positive and negative directions. This adaptability and flexibility make it suitable for various applications, including switches, sensors, and modulators.
► The degree of alignment is gradually improved with increasing Happl. ► Br and (BH)max increase, but Hcj decreases with increasing alignment. ► σbb∥ and σbb⊥ present opposite variation law with ...increasing Happl. ► Fracture morphologies are observed and fracture mechanism is inferred. ► The change mechanisms of properties are systematically analyzed.
Sintered Nd–Fe–B magnets with various degrees of grain alignment are prepared by the conventional powder metallurgy technique. The magnetic properties, bending strength and fracture morphologies of sintered magnets with different alignment degrees are investigated. The results show that the remanence Br and maximum energy product (BH)max increase, while intrinsic coercivity Hcj decreases gradually with increasing the alignment degree. Moreover, the bending strengths measured by applying force parallel (σbb∥) and perpendicular (σbb⊥) to the alignment magnetic field Happl present opposite variation tendency, and σbb∥ is larger than σbb⊥, suggesting the more significant anisotropy of mechanical properties with increasing the degree of grain alignment. Furthermore, the related mechanisms are systematically analyzed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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