Sunflower rust, which is incited by the fungus
Puccinia helianthi
Schwein., is the most common disease in Australia, Argentina, South Africa, and North America. Three independent genes,
R
5
,
R
4
, ...and
R
13
with two alleles
R
13a
and
R
13b
, were discovered in sunflower and are promising sources of resistance to rust.
R
5
was previously mapped to linkage group (LG) 2, and
R
4
and
R
13
were mapped to LG13 of the sunflower genome using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. The objective of this study was to finely map
R
5
,
R
4
,
R
13a
, and
R
13b
using newly developed single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in four F
2
populations previously used for SSR mapping. Of the 67 LG2 SNP markers screened, two SNPs, SFW03654 and NSA_000267, flanked
R
5
at a genetic distance of 0.6 and 1.2 cM, respectively. This flanking narrowed the genetic interval containing
R
5
from 5.1 to 1.8 cM in length. A total of 69 LG13 SNP markers were analyzed in the
R
4
,
R
13a
, and
R
13b
populations. In the
R
4
consensus map, the gene
R
4
was flanked by seven SNP loci; three co-segregating SNPs are on one side (0.7 cM proximal) and four on the other side (0.6 cM distal). Similarly, SNP markers that are tightly linked to both
R
13a
and
R
13b
were identified.
R
13a
was flanked by SNP markers at genetic distances of 0.4 and 0.2 cM. The SNP SFW00757 co-segregated with
R
13b
, and another three co-segregating SNPs were 2.4 cM proximal to
R
13b
. A total of 368 F
2
plants from the cross between a resistant BC
3
F
2
plant carrying
R
5
with HA-R6 carrying
R
13a
were first screened by SSR markers to identify “double-resistant” lines. Twelve F
2
plants were identified to be homozygous for a combination of
R
5
and
R
13a
, which was further confirmed with additional SNP markers developed in the present study. The double-resistant line developed in this study may provide a source of durable resistance to manage rust in confection sunflower production and will help mitigate selection pressure on each gene by the pathogen.
Using a data set of 2.93 fb taken at a center-of-mass energy root s = 3.773 GeV with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, we perform a search for an extra U(1) gauge boson, also denoted as a ...dark photon. We examine the initial state radiation reactions e(+)e(-) -> e(+)e(-) gamma(ISR) and e(+)e(-) -> mu(+)mu(-) gamma(ISR) for this search, where the dark photon would appear as an enhancement in the invariant mass distribution of the leptonic pairs. We observe no obvious enhancement in the mass range between 1.5 and 3.4 GeV/c(2) and set a 90% confidence level upper limit on the mixing strength of the dark photon and the Standard Model photon. We obtain a competitive limit in the tested mass range.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Laribacter hongkongensis is a newly discovered, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative, motile, sea gull-shaped rod associated with freshwater fish borne gastroenteritis and traveler's diarrhea. A ...highly reproducible and discriminative typing system is essential for better understanding of the epidemiology of L. hongkongensis. In this study, a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) system was developed for L. hongkongensis. The system was used to characterize 146 L. hongkongensis isolates, including 39 from humans and 107 from fish.
Fragments (362 to 504 bp) of seven housekeeping genes were amplified and sequenced. Among the 3068 bp of the seven loci, 332 polymorphic sites were observed. The median number of alleles at each locus was 34 range 22 (ilvC) to 45 (thiC). All seven genes showed very low d(n)/d(s) ratios of < 0.04, indicating that no strong positive selective pressure is present. A total of 97 different sequence types (STs) were assigned to the 146 isolates, with 80 STs identified only once. The overall discriminatory power was 0.9861. eBURST grouped the isolates into 12 lineages, with six groups containing only isolates from fish and three groups only isolates from humans. Standardized index of association (I(S)(A)) measurement showed significant linkage disequilibrium in isolates from both humans and fish. The I(S)(A) for the isolates from humans and fish were 0.270 and 0.636, indicating the isolates from fish were more clonal than the isolates from humans. Only one interconnected network (acnB) was detected in the split graphs. The P-value (P = 0) of sum of the squares of condensed fragments in Sawyer's test showed evidence of intragenic recombination in the rho, acnB and thiC loci, but the P-value (P = 1) of maximum condensed fragment in these gene loci did not show evidence of intragenic recombination. Congruence analysis showed that all the pairwise comparisons of the 7 MLST loci were incongruent, indicating that recombination played a substantial role in the evolution of L. hongkongensis. A website for L. hongkongensis MLST was set up and can be accessed at http://mlstdb.hku.hk:14206/MLST_index.html.
A highly reproducible and discriminative MLST system was developed for L. hongkongensis.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Through a combined scanning tunneling microscopy and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy study, we report the observation of two distinct gaps (a small and a large gap) that coexist both in ...real space and in the antinodal region of momentum space, below the superconducting transition temperature (T_{c}) of Bi_{2}Sr_{2-x}La_{x}CuO_{6+delta}. We show that the small gap is associated with superconductivity. The large-gap persists above T_{c}, and seems linked to observed charge ordering. We find a strong correlation between the large and small gaps suggesting that they are affected by similar physical processes.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
The poly(L-arginine)–graphene modified glassy carbon electrode (
GCE
) was fabricated and the electrochemical behavior of carmine and amaranth on this electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetric ...method. Compared with poly(L-arginine)/GCE and GCE, the poly(L-arginine)–graphene modified GCE improved the sensitivity for the determination of carmine and amaranth. The experimental results indicated that the oxidation peaks of carmine and amaranth were separated at 121 mV in phosphate buffer solution at pH 2.5. The linear range for the simultaneous determination of carmine and amaranth were 7.5 × 10
–7
–7.5 × 10
–5
M. The detection limits were 7 × 10
–8
M for carmine and 2.5 × 10
–7
M for amaranth. The method has been applied to the simultaneous determination of carmine and amaranth in drinks with satisfactory results.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Notch receptors and the amyloid precursor protein are type I membrane proteins that are proteolytically cleaved within their transmembrane domains by a presenilin (PS)-dependent γ-secretase activity. ...In both proteins, two peptide bonds are hydrolyzed: one near the inner leaflet and the other in the middle of the transmembrane domain. Under saturating conditions the substrates compete with each other for proteolysis, but not for binding to PS. At least some Alzheimer's disease-causing PS mutations reside in proteins possessing low catalytic activity. We demonstrate (i) that differentially tagged PS molecules coimmunoprecipitate, and (ii) that PS N-terminal fragment dimers exist by using a photoaffinity probe based on a transition state analog γ-secretase inhibitor. We propose that γ-secretase contains a PS dimer in its catalytic core, that binding of substrate is at a site separate from the active site, and that substrate is cleaved at the interface of two PS molecules.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We present the first amplitude analysis of the decay Ds+→π+π0η. We use an e+e− collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.19 fb−1 collected with the BESIII detector at a ...center-of-mass energy of 4.178 GeV. We observe for the first time the W-annihilation dominant decays Ds+→a0(980)+π0 and Ds+→a0(980)0π+. We measure the absolute branching fraction B(Ds+→a0(980)+(0)π0(+),a0(980)+(0)→π+(0)η)=(1.46±0.15stat±0.23sys)%, which is larger than the branching fractions of other measured pure W-annihilation decays by at least one order of magnitude. In addition, we measure the branching fraction of Ds+→π+π0η with significantly improved precision.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The invention discloses a test gear with adjustable center distance gear. The invention comprises gearbox housing, a sliding bearing seat and a fixing device. The sliding bearing seat comprises a set ...of T guide rail and two groups of moving sliders. A bearing seat is arranged on the movable slide block to complete the changing process of the gear center distance. The movable slider structure has a sliding groove which opens two fastening bolt holes on the right. When the bearing seat moves to the desired position, the slider installed with the bearing seat is fastened to the gear box shell by fastening bolts, and the change of the center distance of the gear box is completed. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient operation, and structural design does not affect the oil mixing and lubrication of the gear when it is working, and meets the needs of different gear center distance experimental devices.
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