Highlights
Physical Properties of the two-dimensional tellurium were discussed in detail, including electrical properties, optical properties, thermoelectric properties, and outstanding environmental ...stability.
Emerging applications based on atomically thin tellurene flakes were presented, such as photodetector, transistors, piezoelectric device, modulator, and energy harvesting devices.
The challenges encountered and prospects were presented.
Since the successful fabrication of two-dimensional (2D) tellurium (Te) in 2017, its fascinating properties including a thickness dependence bandgap, environmental stability, piezoelectric effect, high carrier mobility, and photoresponse among others show great potential for various applications. These include photodetectors, field-effect transistors, piezoelectric devices, modulators, and energy harvesting devices. However, as a new member of the 2D material family, much less known is about 2D Te compared to other 2D materials. Motivated by this lack of knowledge, we review the recent progress of research into 2D Te nanoflakes. Firstly, we introduce the background and motivation of this review. Then, the crystal structures and synthesis methods are presented, followed by an introduction to their physical properties and applications. Finally, the challenges and further development directions are summarized. We believe that milestone investigations of 2D Te nanoflakes will emerge soon, which will bring about great industrial revelations in 2D materials-based nanodevice commercialization.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We experimentally demonstrated that few-layer black phosphorus (BP) could be used as an optical modulator for solid-state lasers to generate short laser pulses. The BP flakes were fabricated by the ...liquid phase exfoliation method and drop-casted on a high-reflection mirror to form a BP-based saturable absorber mirror (BP-SAM). Stable Q-switched pulses with a pulse width of 620 ns at the wavelength of 1046 nm were obtained in a Yb:CaYAlO(4) (Yb:CYA) laser with the BP-SAM. The generated pulse train has a repetition rate of 113.6 kHz and an average output power of 37 mW. Our results show that the BP-SAMs could have excellent prospective for ultrafast photonics applications.
To incorporate basin effects into seismic hazard assessment of urban areas and infrastructure, basin‐depth effect models that are the dependence of basin amplification factor on basin depth have been ...derived via numerical and empirical approaches. However, commonly observed quantitative and qualitative differences between numerical and empirical models remain unresolved. In particular, empirical models tend to predict smaller basin amplification factors. In this study, a modified empirical approach from Choi et al. was applied to the derivation of basin‐depth effect models for four deep basins in Japan using a database consisting of 71 MJ > 6 (Mw > 5.7) earthquakes and 13,562 records from strong‐motion seismograph networks (K‐NET and KiK‐net). The obtained basin‐depth models vary among basins and crustal‐subduction earthquake pairs, which confirms the recent trend of accounting for regional‐seismotectonic basin amplification in seismic hazard analysis. The basin amplification observed for crustal earthquakes is generally larger than that for subduction earthquakes. Moreover, the differences between the numerical and empirical models can be explained by changing the options of basin or outside‐basin stations for computing the inter‐event residuals. These results bridge a knowledge gap in seismic hazard analysis between ground‐motion prediction equations and those using large‐scale seismic wave simulations, which are now the main tools for regions lacking seismic records.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), black phosphorus (BP), MXene and borophene, have aroused extensive attention since the discovery of graphene in 2004. ...They have wide range of applications in many research fields, such as optoelectronic devices, energy storage, catalysis, owing to their striking physical and chemical properties. Among them, anisotropic 2D material is one kind of 2D materials that possess different properties along different directions caused by the intrinsic anisotropic atoms’ arrangement of the 2D materials, mainly including BP, borophene, low-symmetry TMDs (ReSe
2
and ReS
2
) and group IV monochalcogenides (SnS, SnSe, GeS, and GeSe). Recently, a series of new devices has been fabricated based on these anisotropic 2D materials. In this review, we start from a brief introduction of the classifications, crystal structures, preparation techniques, stability, as well as the strategy to discriminate the anisotropic characteristics of 2D materials. Then, the recent advanced applications including electronic devices, optoelectronic devices, thermoelectric devices and nanomechanical devices based on the anisotropic 2D materials both in experiment and theory have been summarized. Finally, the current challenges and prospects in device designs, integration, mechanical analysis, and micro-/nano-fabrication techniques related to anisotropic 2D materials have been discussed. This review is aimed to give a generalized knowledge of anisotropic 2D materials and their current devices applications, and thus inspiring the exploration and development of other kinds of new anisotropic 2D materials and various novel device applications.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Nanoscale lath martensite with high density dislocations and fine V carbides embedded in heterogeneous lamellar structure was produced in Medium-C (0.46%) martensitic steel through multistage rolling ...process followed by subsequent oil quenching and low-temperature tempering. Tensile properties show the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and uniform elongation are up to 1809 MPa, 2590 MPa and 12.6%, respectively. The excellent combination of strength and ductility is comparable and even superior to other high-strength high-ductility metallic materials. In addition, the underlying mechanisms were briefly discussed.
Display omitted
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•MoO3 film is synthesized on carbon cloth through an electrodeposition process.•The electrochemical behaviors of as-made electrode are systematically exploded.•The ASSCs was assembled with MoO3 as ...both cathode and anode.•The 2.0 V ASSCs device shows an energy density of 78 Wh kg−1 at 1 kW kg−1.
Herein, a MoO3 film is directly synthesized on carbon cloth through a simple electrodeposition procedure with an annealing treatment. The clingy MoO3 film on carbon cloth fibers can speedily transfer electrons by virtue of the superior electrical conductivity of carbon cloth, while the outspread MoO3 film in the gap between the adjacent carbon cloth fibers can provide abundant channels for the diffusion of Li+. The electrochemical properties of the as-fabricated MoO3 electrode working as the cathode and anode materials are systematically studied, respectively. The specific capacitances of the MoO3 electrode within the potential ranges of 0–1.0 V and of −1.0 to 0 V are 603 and 835 F g−1 at 1 A g−1, respectively. The CV kinetic analysis reveals the surface capacitance-dominated charge storage mechanism for the MoO3 electrode under different potential windows. Moreover, the energy density of the as-assembled 2.0 V MoO3//MoO3 aqueous symmetric supercapacitor device can reach up to 78 Wh kg−1 at 1 kW kg−1. Notably, this device exhibits a brilliant lifespan with 98% storage retention after 8000 CV scans at 150 mV s−1. The ease of preparation and outstanding energy storage capability make this newly-assembled aqueous symmetric supercapacitor a highly potential candidate for practical applications.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are promising candidates for cellular tumor immunotherapy. Due to their HLA-independent mode of action, allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells can be considered for clinical application. To apply ...allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in adoptive immunotherapy, the methodology used to obtain adequate cell numbers with optimal effector function in vitro needs to be optimized, and clinical safety and efficacy also need to be proven. Therefore, we developed a novel formula to improve the expansion of peripheral γδ T cells from healthy donors. Then, we used a humanized mouse model to validate the therapeutic efficacy of expanded γδ T cells in vivo; furthermore, the expanded γδ T cells were adoptively transferred into late-stage liver and lung cancer patients. We found that the expanded cells possessed significantly improved immune effector functions, including proliferation, differentiation, and cancer cell killing, both in vitro and in the humanized mouse model. Furthermore, a phase I clinical trial in 132 late-stage cancer patients with a total of 414 cell infusions unequivocally validated the clinical safety of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Among these 132 patients, 8 liver cancer patients and 10 lung cancer patients who received ≥5 cell infusions showed greatly prolonged survival, which preliminarily verified the efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell therapy. Our clinical studies underscore the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell immunotherapy, which will inspire further clinical investigations and eventually benefit cancer patients.
Full text
Available for:
EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Understanding of neonicotinoid insecticides toxicity on non-target organisms, such as bees, has indirectly promoted their soil treatment use. However, their effect on soil ecosystems haven’t fully ...understood. Here, based on 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing and metagenomics, the effects of neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam on bacterial communities and metabolic functions in two types of soils were studied. Thiamethoxam treatment significantly affected soil bacterial abundance, reduced microbial diversity, and changed the bacterial community structure in the short term, and the structure soon returned to a stable state. Soil type and time were important factors affecting bacterial community structure. Some plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria (PGPR) including Actinobacteria were found, and their populations were reduced, while pollutant-degrading bacteria including Firmicutes were also found, and their populations were increased. Based on metagenomics analysis, thiamethoxam treatment insignificantly promoted or inhibited multiple metabolic processes, but gene abundance of some key processes significantly changed. Subtypes of 18 biodegradation genes (BDGs) and 5 pesticide degradation genes (PDGs) were identified. Thiamethoxam treatment significantly increased the abundance of BDGs and PDGs, including cytochrome P450. Potential hosts of P450 degradation genes, including the genus Rhodococcus, were discovered. Conclusions of this study will promote safety evaluation and degradation-related research on neonicotinoid insecticides in soil.
Display omitted
•The influence of thiamethoxam on soil bacteria and functions were evaluated.•Thiamethoxam interfered the bacterial community in short term.•Thiamethoxam interfered many metabolic processes, but not significantly.•Thiamethoxam significantly increased the abundance of BDGs and PDGs.•Rhodococcus and Azohydromonas were potential hosts of BDGs and PDGs.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Degradable mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (MONPs) are attracting significant attention in the area of designing smart drug carriers mainly due to their excellent stability and multiple ...functions. However, the efficient, controllable, and large-scale production of MONPs still faces huge challenges. Herein, a novel and facile continuous-flow nanoprecipitation strategy was reported to synthesize hollow MONPs with highly uniform and tailored properties. The synthesized hollow MONPs possessed a large surface area (S BET > 1070.1 m2 g–1), narrow size distribution, large hollow cavity, and thin shell. Interestingly, the incorporation of organic moieties into silica cross-linked networks led to the timely degradation of nanocarriers with the desired responsiveness. Moreover, the applicability of the as-obtained hollow MONPs has been demonstrated in the loading and pH-responsive release of thiamethoxam (THI). The resultant THI-loaded MONPs possessed long-term storage stability at a low temperature and showed release behaviors in response to a basic environment. Benefiting from the shielding property of MONPs, THI-loaded MONPs manifested superior stability against the photolysis as compared to that of the THI technical. This work provides a new consideration for promoting the advancement of nanotechnology in agricultural fields.
Full text
Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
This article presents investigation of the flavor profile on 5 different regional Chinese smoked chicken samples using gas chromatography−ion mobility spectrometry analysis methods. Five batches of ...samples were obtained over the course of 6 mo. A total of 34 flavor substances were identified in the 5 smoked chicken samples, including 10 aldehydes, 7 alcohols, 4 ketones, 2 hydrocarbons, 3 heterocyclic compounds, 4 esters, 2 ethers, and 2 phenolic compounds. The whole spectral fingerprint visually displayed flavor differences and relations in 5 types of smoked chicken with local characteristics. Moreover, the orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis model revealed that these samples could be separately classified into 5 groups. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that 20 chemicals with higher Variable Importance for the Projection values were the key contributors to the differences of flavor in these 5 kinds of smoked chicken. N-nonanal, heptanal, n-nonanal, heptanal, furfurol, and hexanal were the main common flavor compounds in the 5 types of Chinese smoked chicken, whereas linalool, alpha-terpineol, 1,8-cineole, and anethole were the main characteristic flavor compounds of Goubangzi chicken (No. 1); gamma-butyrolactone, 2-acetylfuran, 2-methoxyphenol, 2-acetylpyrrole, and limonene were determined as the key flavor compounds of Liaocheng chicken (No. 2); the concentration of octanal and n-nonanal was higher in Tangqiao chicken (No. 3); butyl acetate was the key contributor to the flavor compounds of Jinshan chicken (No. 4). 2-Heptanone and 2-pentylfuran had a high correlation with Zhuozishan chicken (No. 5). The different raw materials and ingredients used, especially the method of preparation and cultural differences, in different regions of the country in China were the main reasons leading to the similarities and differences of volatile compounds in the 5 kinds of Chinese traditional smoked chicken.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
PDF
