The effects of the rupture of a mining tailings dam were investigated using the gills and liver of Astyanax lacustris as a proxy for environmental quality. The fish were exposed for seven days to ...water sampled forming four groups: upstream of the dam rupture (P1), and 22 km (P2); 48 km (P3); and 70 km (P4) downstream from the dam rupture in the Doce River basin. The control group received dechlorinated tap water. The dissolved concentrations of metals were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). We evaluated the histology of the gills and liver, as well as, immunohistochemistry for HSP70 and Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) in the gills, and for P-gp in liver. In all sites we observed a mix of metals, with higher concentrations of Mn, Cd, As, and Cu/Cr in P1, P2, P3, and P4, respectively. All treatments groups showed histological changes in gills and liver, with the highest amount of these alterations found in the P2 group. Disorganization of the secondary lamellae, epithelial lifting, and mitochondria-rich cells (MRC) were observed in the gills. The parenchyma of the liver was rather disorganized, and hepatocytes and nuclei showed hypertrophy, vacuolization and cytoplasmic degeneration. A higher immunoreaction of HSP70 in P2 when compared with the other groups and lower labeling of HSP70 in the P4 was registered. In P2 and P3, NKA-positive cells were observed with hypertrophy and disorganization. Morphometric analyses of the liver revealed that all treatment groups presented a lower immunolabeling of P-gp when compared with the control group. Thus, the experimental approach revealed that the water from Doce basin can promote histological alterations in fish's liver and gills, as well as modulation of disruption of ionic balance, cellular responses to stress, and cell detoxification pathways.
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•Water sample associated with mining tailings promoted histological alterations in gills and liver.•The environmental impact was demonstrated using biomarkers of Astyanax lacustris.•Mix of heavy metals contributed to morphological alterations related to ionic balance.•HSP70 and P-gp were modulated due to heavy metals impact.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
O estuario do Rio Paraiba, maior e mais importante do estado da Paraíba, nordeste do Brasil, sofre intensa degradaçâo ambiental pela populaçâo humana no seu entorno, e possivelmente varias especies ...de peixes estäo ameaçadas neste habitat. Nós apresentamos uma lista de especies de peixes capturadas neste estuario, com base em espécimes tombados na coleçâo da Universidade Federal da Paraiba. Quatro ordens de Chondrichthyes e 26 ordens de Osteichthyes foram identificadas. Um total de 187 espécies de peixes foi registrado, incluindo oito especies de Chondrichthyes e 179 Osteichthyes, com 123 generos e 57 familias. Em relaçâo a riqueza, Perciformes dominou com 32 espécies, seguido por Acanthuriformes e Clupeiformes. Comparando estuarios ao longo do nordeste brasileiro e considerando nosso longo periodo de amostragens, seria esperada uma riqueza maior. De acordo com a lista vermelha da IUCN, Urotrygon microphthalmum é tida como Criticamente Ameaçada e mais sete espécies säo classificadas como Vulnerável: Rhizoprionodon porosus, Rhinoptera bonasus, Megalops atlanticus, Epinephelus itajara, Hyporthodus niveatus, Lutjanus cyanopterus e Cynoscion acoupa. Tres dessas especies também aparecem na mesma categoria na lista brasileira de especies ameaçadas, tendo todas elas, suas populaçöes em declinio. Em relaçâo aos Elasmobranchii, Carcharhinusporosus e listada como Criticamente Ameaçada em nosso pais e globalmente. Esse inventario abrange e organiza o conhecimento acerca da comunidade de peixes que ocorre nesse importante ecossistema, com inferencias sobre habitos de vida, guildas ecológicas e status de conservaçâo das especies de peixes.
Abstract Herein we evaluated the histopathological alterations and expression patterns of multixenobiotic resistence (MXR) and autophagic proteins in liver samples of fish chronically exposed to ...anthropogenic contaminants in a highly polluted river, and then again after they had been transferred to good quality water. Two groups were established: euthanized on the day of capture (0 h), and maintained for 30 days in a tank (30 d). The fish of 0 h presented liver with vacuolated and hypertrophic hepatocytes. Also, it was observed strong immunostaining of cathepsin-D, LC3-II and P-gp. Necrosis and apoptosis were also observed throughout the liver. Conversely, the second group (30 d) showed recovery of the liver normal histology and weak immunoreaction of the studied proteins. So, our results indicated that there was a hepatic recovery in the fish kept in good quality water, as showed by the decreased expression of cathepsin-D, LC3-II, and the MXR (P-gp). Therefore, the alterations here observed could be proposed as potential biomarkers to be tested for following the impacts of remediation or mitigation measures to environmental impacts.
Objective: To present venomous and poisonous fish species in the Paraiba Estuary, Paraiba State, Brazil, with a description of the envenomation mechanisms and characteristics of the toxins. Methods: ...Fishes were caught by beach seine in the dry and rainy season (November 2013 and June 2014) and bimonthly between May 2016 and March 2017. Results: Eight potentially dangerous species belonging to the families Batrachoididae, Ariidae and Tetraodontidae were identified. The representatives of the former two families, toadfish and catfish, respectively had specific venom inoculating apparatuses that could penetrate tissues, releasing toxins that caused injuries mainly to fishermen. The family Tetraodontidae had poisonous species, once the pufferfish could accumulate biotoxins (especially tetrodotoxin, which is a neurotoxin produced by bacteria). Despite being toxic for consumption, these fish were often consumed by fishermen and their families. Conclusions: The present study is the first record of venomous and poisonous species in the Paraiba Estuary and contributes to the knowledge of the identification of the species and the mechanisms that cause severe envenomation and even deaths in artisanal fishing communities. Such knowledge is fundamental to future campaigns aimed at the prevention of injuries involving fish in the region and in other estuarine environments, where such fishes are common.
We investigated the activity of the multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) phenotype, a biological defense system in aquatic organisms, in the fish assemblages of two tropical estuaries with different ...degrees of environmental impacts, the Paraiba River and Mamanguape River Estuaries. The aim of this work was to compare the activity of the MXR phenotype of different fishes to test the hypothesis that each species has an inherent activity level and to use this activity as a bioindicator of aquatic contamination. We assessed the MXR activity of the gills, using rhodamine B (RB) accumulation assay. The results demonstrated a species‐specific difference in the MXR activity of fishes caught in the same estuarine zone. Also, the pelagic species Eucinostomus melanopterus, Eucinostomus argenteus, and Lutjanus jocu had higher RB accumulation, while the demersal species Sphoeroides testudineus and Sphoeroides greeleyi had the lowest RB accumulation, suggesting that the ecological characteristic of fish in the water column exerts an influence on MXR activity. Besides, we demonstrated the potential of using the gill MXR activity of the key estuarine species, the Brazilian silversides Atherinella brasiliensis, as a tool for biomonitoring estuaries.
Thr relation between rhodamine B accumulation and MXR activity in fish species is shown.
Research Highlight
Fish Assemblages from two tropical estuaries had different species‐specific levels of multixenobiotic resistance (MXR) activity.
The gill of the key species Atherinella brasiliensis was the organ with the highest MXR activity.
The intraspecific comparison of the MXR activity of Atherinella brasiliensis can be used as a good biomarker of contamination.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Mining tailings have a strong presence of heavy metals in their composition, and these elements may be associated with the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The objective of this work ...was to analyze studies that describe the relationship between bacteria recovered from sites impacted by mining tailings resulting from the collapse of the Fundão and Córrego do Feijão Mine dams and the development of antimicrobial resistance. This is an integrative literature review, using the PubMed, VHL, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases, and the descriptors “antimicrobial resistance”, “heavy metal”, “dam” and “Brazil” (English) and “resistência antimicrobiana”, “metal pesado”, “barragem” and “Brasil” (Portuguese). Six articles were selected, four referring to the Fundão dam and two to the Córrego do Feijão Mine. All works suggested that environmental contamination by heavy metals, resulting from mining waste released after the dams collapsed, favored the appearance of antimicrobial resistance genes, that is, they are related to the selective pressure exerted by heavy metals. Disasters such as these raise questions about the interface of antimicrobial resistance in environments that have heavy metals as contaminants, the knowledge of which is of great relevance since antimicrobial resistance is a serious public health problem.
Os rejeitos de mineração possuem forte presença de metais pesados em sua composição, sendo que estes elementos podem estar associados com a evolução e disseminação da resistência antimicrobiana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar estudos que descrevam a relação entre bactérias recuperadas de locais impactados pelos rejeitos de mineração decorrentes do rompimento das barragens de Fundão e Mina Córrego do Feijão e o desenvolvimento de resistência antimicrobiana. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, utilizando as bases de dados PubMed, BVS, Science Direct e Web of Science, e os descritores “antimicrobial resistance”, “heavy metal”, “dam” e “Brazil” (inglês) e “resistência antimicrobiana”, “metal pesado”, “barragem” e “Brasil” (português). Foram selecionados seis artigos, sendo quatro referentes à barragem de Fundão e dois à Mina Córrego do Feijão. Todos os trabalhos sugeriram que a contaminação ambiental por metais pesados, decorrentes dos rejeitos de mineração liberados após o rompimento das barragens, favoreceu o aparecimento de genes de resistência a antimicrobianos, ou seja, estão relacionados com a pressão seletiva exercida pelos metais pesados. Desastres como estes abrem questionamentos acerca da interface da resistência antimicrobiana em ambientes que têm metais pesados como contaminantes, cujo conhecimento é de grande relevância visto que a resistência antimicrobiana se configura como um grave problema de saúde pública.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective: To present venomous and poisonous fish species in the Paraiba Estuary, Paraiba State, Brazil, with a description of the envenomation mechanisms and characteristics of the toxins. Methods: ...Fishes were caught by beach seine in the dry and rainy season (November 2013 and June 2014) and bimonthly between May 2016 and March 2017. Results: Eight potentially dangerous species belonging to the families Batrachoididae, Ariidae and Tetraodontidae were identified. The representatives of the former two families, toadfish and catfish, respectively had specific venom inoculating apparatuses that could penetrate tissues, releasing toxins that caused injuries mainly to fishermen. The family Tetraodontidae had poisonous species, once the pufferfish could accumulate biotoxins (especially tetrodotoxin, which is a neurotoxin produced by bacteria). Despite being toxic for consumption, these fish were often consumed by fishermen and their families. Conclusions: The present study is the first record of venomous and poisonous species in the Paraiba Estuary and contributes to the knowledge of the identification of the species and the mechanisms that cause severe envenomation and even deaths in artisanal fishing communities. Such knowledge is fundamental to future campaigns aimed at the prevention of injuries involving fish in the region and in other estuarine environments, where such fishes are common.
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