Summary
Falls among the elderly are common and characteristics may differ between injurious and non-injurious falls. Among 887 older Australian women followed for 1.6 years, 32% fell annually. Only ...8.5% resulted in fracture and/or hospital admission. The characteristics of those falls are indistinguishable from those not coming to medical attention.
Introduction
The precipitants and environment of all falls occurring among a large cohort of older Caucasian women were categorised by injury status to determine if the characteristics differed between injurious and non-injurious falls.
Methods
Among 887 Australian women (70+ years), falls were ascertained using monthly postcard calendars and a questionnaire was administered for each fall. Hospital admissions and fractures were independently confirmed.
Results
All falls were reported for a mean observation time of 577 (IQR 546–607) days per participant, equating to a total 1400 person-years. Thirty-two percent fell at least once per year. The most common features of a fall were that the faller was walking (61%) at home (61%) during the day (88%) and lost balance (32%). Only 12% of all falls occurred at night. Despite no difference in the type of injury between day and night, the likelihood of being hospitalised from a fall at night was 4.5 times greater than that of a daytime fall with adjustment for injury type and participant age (OR 4.5, 95% CI 2.1, 9.5;
p
< 0.001). Of all falls, approximately one third were associated with no injury to the faller (31%), one third reported a single injury (37%) and one third reported more than one injury (32%). In 95% of falls, the faller was not admitted to hospital. Only 5% of falls resulted in fracture(s).
Conclusions
Our findings demonstrate the significant diversity of precipitants and environment where falls commonly occur among older community-dwelling women. Falls resulting in fracture and/or hospital admission collectively represent 8.5% of all falls and their characteristics are indistinguishable from falls not coming to medical attention and incurring no apparent cost to the health system.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Flaring water masers associated with W49N Volvach, L. N.; Volvach, A. E.; Larionov, M. G. ...
Astronomy and astrophysics (Berlin),
08/2019, Volume:
628
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Aims. We present our monitoring observations and analysis of water masers associated with W49N taken in 2017 and 2018. A significant flare occurred during these observations. Methods. We used ...ground-based radio telescopes in Simeiz (RT-22), Torun (RT-32), Medicina (RT-32), Effelsberg (RT-100) with broadband spectrometers. Observational data were collected and processed automatically. Results. We report a powerful flare of the v = +6 km s−1 water maser feature; it increased in over ten months to S1.3 cm = 84 kJy in 2017 December, then decayed to the pre-flare quiescent value of S1.3 cm = 8.7 kJy in 2018 August. We infer that this flaring feature is unsaturated based on the relationship between line width and flux density.
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FMFMET, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
We present new criteria for selecting H ii regions from the Infrared Astronomical Satellite (IRAS) Point Source Catalogue (PSC), based on an H ii region catalogue derived manually from the ...all-sky Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). The criteria are used to augment the number of H ii region candidates in the Milky Way. The criteria are defined by the linear decision boundary of two samples: IRAS point sources associated with known H ii regions, which serve as the H ii region sample, and IRAS point sources at high Galactic latitudes, which serve as the non-H ii region sample. A machine learning classifier, specifically a support vector machine, is used to determine the decision boundary. We investigate all combinations of four IRAS bands and suggest that the optimal criterion is $\mathrm{log}\left(F_{60}/F_{12}\right)\geqq \left( -0.19 \times \mathrm{log}\left(F_{100}/F_{25}\right)+ 1.52\right)$, with detections at 60 and 100 ${\mu}$m. This selects 3041 H ii region candidates from the IRAS PSC. We find that IRAS H ii region candidates show evidence of evolution on the two-colour diagram. Merging the WISE H ii catalogue with IRAS H ii region candidates, we estimate a lower limit of approximately 10 200 for the number of H ii regions in the Milky Way.
We have investigated the methanol CH
3
OH lines at frequencies of 19.967 GHz 2
1
-3
0
E(
v
t
= 0) transition and 20.971 GHz 10
1
-
11
2
E
+
(
v
t
= 1) transition toward the massive region of active ...star formation G358.931-0.030 with the RT-22 (Simeiz) and RT-26 (HartRAO) radio telescopes. Two new flares have been detected. One of the flares (at 20.971 GHz) is extremely powerful in the frequency range 192-26 GHz. We present our monitoring of the flaring events detected at 19.967 and 20.971 GHz. The time dependence of the flare amplitude reflects the complex structure of the maser emission regions. The velocity structure of the flares is considered.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The rhythm of life on earth is shaped by seasonal changes in the environment. Plants and animals show profound annual cycles in physiology, health, morphology, behaviour and demography in response to ...environmental cues. Seasonal biology impacts ecosystems and agriculture, with consequences for humans and biodiversity. Human populations show robust annual rhythms in health and well-being, and the birth month can have lasting effects that persist throughout life. This review emphasizes the need for a better understanding of seasonal biology against the backdrop of its rapidly progressing disruption through climate change, human lifestyles and other anthropogenic impact. Climate change is modifying annual rhythms to which numerous organisms have adapted, with potential consequences for industries relating to health, ecosystems and food security. Disconcertingly, human lifestyles under artificial conditions of eternal summer provide the most extreme example for disconnect from natural seasons, making humans vulnerable to increased morbidity and mortality. In this review, we introduce scenarios of seasonal disruption, highlight key aspects of seasonal biology and summarize from biomedical, anthropological, veterinary, agricultural and environmental perspectives the recent evidence for seasonal desynchronization between environmental factors and internal rhythms. Because annual rhythms are pervasive across biological systems, they provide a common framework for trans-disciplinary research.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background:Television watching, a sedentary activity, has been associated with overweight in children. While the family environment is known to influence television watching, little is known about ...the influence of the neighbourhood environment. This study is an exploratory examination of the association of socioeconomic characteristics of the neighbourhood environment with television watching among 9–10 year old girls.Methods:Data collected by the Berkeley site of the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Growth and Health Study (NGHS) in 1987–8 from 787 girls who had a complete set of measurements relevant to the analysis were used. These measures included parental education, household income, race and weekly hours spent watching television. Addresses of the girls were geocoded and the median household income for the census tracts in which they lived was used to indicate neighbourhood socioeconomic characteristics. Multilevel modelling procedures were used to estimate fixed effect coefficients for individual and neighbourhood level variables.Results:Living in high income areas was associated with less television watching, a finding that held even when controlling for parental education, household income and race. Race and parental education were also associated with television watching.Conclusion:Television watching among girls was associated not only with the socioeconomic characteristics of their households, but also of their neighbourhoods. Future studies should explore the mechanisms that mediate this relation and determine if these results are generalisable to other populations.
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BFBNIB, CMK, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Bonn Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals adopted a Resolution in 2005 recognising the impacts of climate change on migratory species. It called on Contracting ...Parties to undertake more research to improve our understanding of these impacts and to implement adaptation measures to reduce foreseeable adverse effects. Given the large diversity of taxa and species affected by climate change, it is impossible to monitor all species and effects thereof. However, it is likely that many of the key ecological and physical processes through which climate change may impact wildlife could be monitored using a suite of indicators, each comprising parameters of species/populations or groups of species as proxies for wider assemblages, habitats and ecosystems. Herein, we identify a suite of 17 indicators whose attributes could reveal negative impacts of climate change on the global status of migratory species: 4 for birds, 4 for marine mammals, 2 for sea turtles, 1 for fish, 3 for land mammals and 3 for bats. A few of these indicators would be relatively straightforward to develop, but most would require additional data collation, and in many cases methodological development. Choosing and developing indicators of the impacts of climate change on migratory species is a challenge, particularly with endangered species, which are subject to many other pressures. To identify and implement conservation measures for these species, indicators must account for the full ensemble of pressures, and link to a system of alerts and triggers for action.
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