Carbon pricing mechanisms have been identified as a key strategy for reducing global greenhouse gas emissions to achieve the net-zero target. The present study aims to fill the gap by investigating ...the effects of carbon pricing under different specific target emission constraints and their potential implications for the transportation sector in India. A total of five scenarios have been developed, including a reference scenario with current policy assumptions and four climate policy scenarios. In the climate policy scenarios, emission constraints varied between the year 2030 and the year 2060, with implementation occurring in 10 y intervals until the year 2070. The net-zero year remains constant across all scenarios, which is set at the year 2070. These scenarios are developed using the global change assessment model (GCAM). The study reveals that a reduction in the time gap between the year of implementation and the year of achieving net-zero emissions will lead to an increase in carbon prices. The maximum projected cost of carbon will be 981.36 USD/t of CO2 emission ($/tCO2) if the carbon pricing is implemented starting in the year 2030 and 1062.79 $/tCO2 if it is implemented from the year 2060. The implementation of carbon prices resulted in considerable emission reductions, as well as variations in service demand and energy usage patterns in the transport sector. The findings hold promise for positively influencing SDGs 11 and 13 and have significant implications for policymakers and other stakeholders.
The paper estimates the Indian carbon dioxide (CO
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) emissions over the last two decades at sectoral and sub-regional levels to identify hotspots of CO
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emissions, providing possible insights for ...focused carbon mitigation efforts pan-India. The CO
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emissions are also estimated at the level of 1151 large point sources to identify hotspots for mitigation and also to demonstrate future possibilities for CO
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storage in nearby geological sinks. India's CO
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emission grew at around 5% compound annual growth rate (CAGR) between the years 1990 and 2013. From the 1897 Mt of CO
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emission electricity generation, transport and iron & steel industry contributed 48%, 11.6% and 7.9% respectively. Districts of Kachchh, Sonbhadra and Korba were the largest CO
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emitters, mainly due to the location of coal-based mega power projects. The district-level emissions estimates show a flattening of the distribution curve of CO
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emissions over the years, indicating that more districts are now crowding up the higher emission space, partly driven by income effects. Our estimate of CO
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emission intensity of the Indian economy shows 11% decoupling of growth of emissions and gross domestic product during 2005-2013, 2005 being the base year for India under the Paris climate change agreement.
Online education in its various modes has been growing steadily worldwide due to the confluence of new technologies, global adoption of the Internet, and intensifying demand for a workforce trained ...periodically for the ever-evolving digital economy. Online education is on track to become mainstream by 2025. This editorial documents country-level factors that impact quantity and quality of online education. Such factors include industry (business); governments at local, state, and federal levels; country laws; ICT capacity; Internet/mobile technology diffusion; and income and digital divide. We provide implications for country and world organizations concerning online education.
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BFBNIB, NUK, PILJ, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Despite evidence that invisible disability is pervasive, management research combining both disability and entrepreneurship strands has devoted scant attention to it. Based on challenge-based ...entrepreneurship theory, we attempt to close the gap in this emerging literature by conceptualizing an integrative framework juxtaposing underdog entrepreneurship and invisible disability. Using case study method, we investigate to find the journey including motivations and impediments faced by invisible-disabled underdog entrepreneurs. Findings of our enquiry suggest that there is an urgent need to accelerate invisible disability research toward a more productive exercise of mainstreaming them as a strategic asset in society. We conclude by indicating policy and managerial implications and finally, alluding to several potential research directions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Adoption of the Paris Agreement in December 2015 and its subsequent ratification through Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) marked, among other things, India's commitment to reduce the emission ...intensity of its GDP by 33-35 per cent by 2030 from 2005 level. The transport sector, being the prime conduit of production value-chain, has been a major contributor to global energy-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this context, it is critical production research study that needs to evaluate the linkage of NDC with freight transport. The proposed framework consists of goal setting, seeking expert opinion and driving insights into the field of freight transport. First, goal and criteria or attribute for achieving NDC through the freight sector are identified. Next, expert opinions from transport and climate change specialists are sought. Lastly, results and insights related to the most feasible alternatives, such as heavy road, heavy rail, hybrid, heavy waterborne, and heavy air with regard to the select attributes and its sub-attributes viz, slower growth, structural changes in sector and economy, strategic and operational choices, technology and innovation and regulatory and economic instruments with the help of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) are drawn. The strength of the proposed methodology is that it uses FAHP to prescribe definitive solutions to climate change policymakers and logistics and supply chain managers who otherwise would have found difficulties with such an arcane subject having partial and little quantified information.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
During such unprecedented time as COVID‐19, despite stretched to its limit, public service delivery remains crucial to societies' well‐being. Street‐level bureaucrats (SLBs), specifically, become the ...most visible outreach of public policies to citizen. However, as the literature suggests, unintended outcomes of SLBs–citizen interfacing have been discretion, inefficiency and accountability, an issue lies at the heart of the standard public governance. No scholarly attempt has been made in the past to address this shortcoming. This research by proposing a conceptual model using system dynamics captures the complexity, and in so doing posits testable hypotheses that instigate an alternative visualization of public affairs, thereby closing the gap in the SLB scholarship.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A new public–private partnership (PPP) model, that is, hybrid annuity model (HAM) was introduced in 2016, to revive investments in the Indian highway infrastructure and to remedy the troubled ...relationship between the public and private sectors. This model marked a significant policy departure in the management of long‐ and short‐term public interest, which is inherent to public utilities and service delivery.
Through a dispassionate lens, this paper critically examines the extent to which HAM has fulfilled its stated objectives. The analysis of project award data provides mixed empirical evidence of HAM's early success. As a positive policy imperative, HAM has been able to attract private participation in highway infrastructure by readjustment of risk allocations, and hence, it is a welcome step forward in improving public affairs. Worryingly though, HAM also brought about extensive de‐risking of the private sector, with evidence of rendering risk retention, that is, “skin‐in‐the‐game” by the less significant private infrastructure investors, and thereby adversely impacting development priorities. We find that HAM has taken the reengagement of private sector two steps back in management of PPP affairs.
Recognizing that a true performance assessment is unlikely at this early stage of HAM introduction, the paper adopts a more analytical stance in identifying possible pitfalls based upon the telltale signs presented by project bidding and award data. This study offers fresh insight and course correction on the role of government and other stakeholders in this newly introduced PPP template.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Transport sector electrification will play a critical role in achieving India's net zero emission target by 2070; however, the adoption of EVs is hindered by challenges such as long charging times, ...high ownership costs, and limited range. Battery swapping (BS) offers quick recharging, unlike point charging (PC). This study examines BS subscription fees in India's passenger sector (buses, four-wheelers, three-wheelers, and two-wheelers). Furthermore, the assessment of its effects on EV adoption, the energy mix, and CO2 emissions in India's passenger sector is analysed using the global change analysis model (GCAM). The results show that BS is cost-effective for four-wheelers and two-wheelers without subsidies. Providing similar subsidies to BS as to PC achieves cost parity or lower costs for three-wheelers and buses compared to PC. BS could reduce CO2 emissions by 9 % by 2070, with a 6 % increase in EV adoption and an 8 % rise in electricity demand. With BS subsidies, EV penetration may increase by 10 %, resulting in a 14 % reduction in CO2 emissions compared to PC. The study suggests BS is a viable option but may not entirely replace PC.
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•Battery swapping (BS) and point charging (PC) for EV charging were compared.•BS business models to compute subscription fees were developed.•BS is feasible for 4W and 2W without subsidy, and with subsidy for 3W and buses.•Compared to PC, EV adoption is projected to increase by 6 % with BS in 2070.•With subsidy, CO2 emissions will be reduced by 14 % compared to PC in 2070.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Electricity production causes unintended impacts. Their exclusion by the market leads to suboptimal resource allocations. Monetizing and internalizing of external costs, though challenging and ...debatable, leads to a better allocation of economic resources and welfare. In this paper, a life-cycle analysis (LCA) on the production of electricity from conventional coal based electricity generation system has been performed in order to examine the environmental impacts of coal based electricity generating systems in the twin-city of Ahmedabad and Gandhinagar in western India. By using dose–response functions, we make an attempt to estimate the damages to human health, crops, and building materials resulting from the operation of coal power plants and its associated mines. Further, we use geographic information system to account for spatially dependent data. Finally, monetary values have been assigned to estimate the damage to human health, crops and building materials. This study reveals that the health as well as on non-health impacts of air pollution resulting from coal based electricity generation may not be ignored both in absolute as well as economic value terms.
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► External cost from coal power generating systems has been calculated. ► We use LCA approach to monetize externalities. ► Geographic information software has been used to account for spatially dependent data. ► This study monetizes damages only to human health, crops, and building materials. ► We finally recommend policy directions to arrest this externality.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
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