Pharmacokinetics of meloxicam in healthy donkeys Mahmood, K.T. (Punjab Government, Lahore (Pakistan). Health Dept.); Ashraf, M. (University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Pakistan). Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology)
Pakistan journal of zoology,
10/2011, Volume:
43, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Meloxicam, a non-steroidal anti-Inflammatory drug (NSAID), has been reported as a safe substitute for diclofenac which was banned for veterinary use during 2005-06, due to its relay toxicity ...associated with the catastrophic decline in vulture populations in Indian subcontinent. It is a preferential cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) inhibiter with higher therapeutic index as compared to diclofenac, indomethacin and piroxicam. The pharmacokinetics of meloxicam was studied in donkeys. Eight donkeys used in the experiment were administered 0.6 mg per kg body weight as an intravenous bolus of meloxicam through jugular vein. Blood samples (5ml) were drawn pre medication and then up to 96 h post-medication. Plasma concentrations of meloxicam were measured in triplicate by HPLC. The plasma concentration versus time profile was prepared. Mean (plus minus SEM) values of pharmacokinetic parameters viz., area under curve, steady state volume of distribution, half-life, mean residence time and clearance were 6.017 plus minus 0.009 mug.h/ml, 0.136 plus minus 0.002 L/kg, 1.002 plus minus 0.008 h, 1.404 plus minus 0.053 h and 0.094 plus minus 0.002 L/h/kg, respectively. These pharmacokinetic parameters of meloxicam in donkeys were comparable to the reported values in donkeys but different from those of other species like sheep, goats, horses, chicken, rabbits and rats. A fast elimination with short half life and higher clearance are suggestive that current dosage regimens of meloxicam may not be clinically effective in donkeys and further research is recommended.
Quality of Life in Hepatitis C Ijaz, Kanza; Omer, Beenish; Mahmood, Khawaja Tahir ...
Journal of pharmaceutical sciences and research,
11/2012, Volume:
4, Issue:
11
Journal Article
It is difficult to handle the database (DB) workload due to the huge increase in data., the functionality demand from the user., and the rapid changes in data. It is not easy to manage the DB ...workload., which therefore leads to malnourishment. To get efficient results., there must be complete knowledge about the type and changes in workload. The versatility and complexity of DBMSs led the DB researchers towards new philosophy and thoughts. A novel approach is introduced for DB workload management through characterization., scheduling., and database idleness detection. In workload characterization., workload is observed., and effective workload characterization parameters are selected. After that., scheduling is performed in order to arrange the DB workload to reduce the waiting time for each workload. Lastly., database idleness is identified at run-time and exploited for system as well as user-initiated workloads to improve efficiency. The proposed approach for workload management is validated through experiments using benchmark workloads.
