Background: The variation in the reported vaccine safety and effectiveness could contribute to the high rates of vaccine hesitancy among the general population and healthcare workers in areas where ...monkeypox (mpox) is circulating. In this review, our objective was to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, effectiveness, and efficacy of the mpox vaccines. Methods: An extensive search for articles across multiple databases was performed, including searching six databases (PubMed Central, PubMed Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, ProQuest), two pre-print databases (European PMC Preprint and MedRxiv), and Google Scholar. Results: A total of 4290 citations were retrieved from the included databases. Following the removal of duplicates and the initial screening of records, a total of 36 studies were included into the analysis. Additionally, we identified five more studies through manual searches, resulting in a total of 41 eligible articles for qualitative synthesis. The study findings revealed that mpox vaccines demonstrate the ability to generate adequate antibodies; however, their effectiveness may decrease over time, exhibiting varying safety profiles. Most of the included studies consistently reported substantial levels of effectiveness and efficacy against mpox. Interestingly, the number of vaccine doses administered was found to influence the degree of immunogenicity, subsequently impacting the overall effectiveness and efficacy of the vaccines. Furthermore, we found that smallpox vaccines exhibited a form of cross-protection against mpox. Conclusions: Vaccines can be used to prevent mpox and effectively control its spread.
In this study, we conducted physical modeling to investigate the effectiveness of nanodispersed catalysts, specifically pure magnetite and magnetite with nickel oxide, for in situ upgrading of ...high-viscosity Ashal′cha heavy oil through thermal steam treatment (TST). The reactions were carried out at 250 °C for different treatment durations (24, 48, and 72 h). The aquathermolysis reactions with Fe3O4 + NiO catalyst exhibited remarkable results, achieving an optimum viscosity reduction of 2000 mPa·s through thermal cracking, which converted heavy high-molecular-weight compounds into lighter compounds. Furthermore, the presence of the catalyst contributed to increased levels of light-saturated compounds and aromatic compounds, while significantly decreasing asphaltenes and resins. Hydrogen donors were introduced to prevent hydrocarbon polymerization. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis indicated that increasing the treatment duration did not adversely affect the reaction compared to the absence of the catalyst. Notably, the magnetite catalyst demonstrated high efficiency due to its availability, cost-effectiveness, and small nanosize, facilitating penetration into reservoir rock pores when injected into the reservoir medium. These findings underscore the potential of nanodispersed catalysts for in situ heavy oil upgrading, offering viscosity reduction and the conversion of heavy compounds into valuable light compounds.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Experiments were carried out to investigate natural convection heat transfer in an inclined uniformly heated circular cylinder . The effects of surface heat flux and angle of inclination on the ...temperature and local Nusselt number variations along the cylinder surface are discussed . The investigation covers heat flux range from 92 W/m² to 487 W/m², and angles of inclination 0° ( horizontal) , 30° , 60° and 90° (vertical) . Results show an increase in the natural convection as heat flux increases and as angle of inclination moves from vertical to horizontal position. An empirical equation of average Nusselt number as a function of Rayliegh number was deduced for each angle of inclination .
Recently, the advancement of remote sensing technology played a key role in urban land/cover mapping, planning, tourism, and environmental management. Images with a high spatial resolution for urban ...classification are widely used. Despite the high spectral resolution of the image, spectral confusion happens among different land covers. Furthermore, the shadow problem also causes poor results in the classification based on traditional per-pixel spectral approaches. This study looks at ways of improving the classification of urban land cover using QuickBird images. Maximum likelihood (ML) pixel-based supervised as well as Rule-based object-based approaches were examined on high-resolution QuickBird satellite images in Karbala City, Iraq. This study indicates that the use of textural attributes during the rule-based classification procedure can significantly improve land-use classification performance. Furthermore, the results show that rule-based results are highly effective in improving classification accuracy than pixel-based. The results of this study provide further clarity and insight into the implementation of using the object-based approach with various classifiers for the extended study. In addition, the finding demonstrated the integration of high-resolution QuickBird data and a set of attributes derived from the visible bands and geometric rule set resulted in superior class separability, thus higher classification accuracies in mapping complex urban environments.
This work introduces a triple band all-textile monopole antenna with coplanar waveguide fed and enhanced gain to be utilized in the wearable internet of medical things applications to support ...wireless wearable sensors for vital sign monitoring on the human body. The proposed antenna was backed by an AMC array structure which presents an effective triple operational frequency band. The proposed antenna was fabricated using a 30 mm × 30 mm felt material substrate. This antenna has good characteristics for wearable communication applications which is light in weight, small in profile, and comfortable to wear. The proposed antenna was operated at 2.4 GHz, 3.5 GHz, and 5.8 GHz for ISM, 5G, and WLAN applications. A compact antenna design was specifically engineered to suit the rigorous standards demanded by intricate subsystems operating in those frequency bands for IoMT and 5G applications.
Abstract
Covalent and non-covalent nanofluids were tested inside a circular tube fitted with twisted tape inserts with 45° and 90° helix angles. Reynolds number was 7000 ≤ Re ≤ 17,000, and ...thermophysical properties were assessed at 308 K. The physical model was solved numerically via a two-equation eddy-viscosity model (SST k-omega turbulence). GNPs-SDBS@DW and GNPs-COOH@DW nanofluids with concentrations (0.025 wt.%, 0.05 wt.% and 0.1 wt.%) were considered in this study. The twisted pipes' walls were heated under a constant temperature of 330 K. The current study considered six parameters: outlet temperature, heat transfer coefficient, average Nusselt number, friction factor, pressure loss, and performance evaluation criterion. In both cases (45° and 90° helix angles), GNPs-SDBS@DW nanofluids presented higher thermohydraulic performance than GNPs-COOH@DW and increased by increasing the mass fractions such as 1.17 for 0.025 wt.%, 1.19 for 0.05 wt.% and 1.26 for 0.1 wt.%. Meanwhile, in both cases (45° and 90° helix angles), the value of thermohydraulic performance using GNPs-COOH@DW was 1.02 for 0.025 wt.%, 1.05 for 0.05 wt.% and 1.02 for 0.1 wt.%.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Silicon dioxide and graphene oxide nanomaterials (SiO
2
–GO) NMs were mixed with reinforcing ternary blend polymer, polyacrylamide (PAAm) blended with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) and poly (vinyl ...alcohol) (PVA). PAAm–PVP–PVA. Several loading ratios of SiO
2
nanoparticles and syntheses GO nanosheets (SiO
2
–GO) NMs (SiO
2
–GOx) (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 wt%) were loaded to reinforce and fabricated novel glass of the fabricated as quinary-based-hybrid nanocomposites using advanced acoustic-sonication-casting technology. Several characterizations were used to investigate the samples: X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (FTIR), optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), UV–visible spectrophotometer, electrical meter, antibacterial activity, and gamma-ray detection. Significant bonds between the component matrix were exhibited in FTIR spectra, with acceptable homogeneity grainy and rough surfaces that defected using FESEM within the keep of good transparency as presented by OM. XRD patterns for samples showed a similar behavior of PAAm with shifting. NMs contribution revealed significant modification of the structure, the disappearance of surface creaks, and notable improvements in the properties of quinary hybrid nanocomposites. Absorption behavior significantly enhanced at (200 nm) up to 37%. The energy gap improved by 10% and 19% for allowed indirect and forbidden indirect transitions, respectively. The dielectric and loss constants were notably enhanced up to 273%. Excellent improvement was presented in the electrical conductivity results, reaching up to 207%. SiO
2
and GO NMs exhibited notable changes in inhibited zone antibacterial activity from 00 up to 27 and 25 mm of
Staphylococcus aureus
,
Escherichia coli
, respectively, compared to the polymer matrix. Samples exhibited significant attention to gamma radiation rays up to 145%. These findings presented promising materials for various requirements, such as solar cells, biology sensors, and light shielding applications.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Background
Breast cancer treatment is an established cause of financial toxicity, and associated costs may contribute to higher mortality and morbidity rates. In Egypt, breast cancer incidence and ...mortality rates are among the highest in the Middle East. Late-stage diagnosis is common, and disease occurs at an earlier age than in Europe and North America. Out-of-pocket payments are the primary means of financing healthcare in Egypt, and socioeconomic factors have been shown to significantly impact access to cancer screening and treatment.
Methods
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted among breast cancer patients at Ain Shams University Hospitals in Cairo from 2013 to 2015.
Results
One hundred women with breast cancer participated. There was a high need for financial assistance (66.0%) and patients with financial needs had great difficulty affording medications (80.0%). A number of patients had lost their jobs following diagnosis, with 32.7% employed prior to diagnosis and 15.3% afterwards. Nearly one-half of participants were classified as food insecure, and nearly one-third reported difficulty affording transportation costs.
Conclusions
This is the first study to describe socioeconomic needs and financial impact among a cohort of Egyptian women undergoing breast cancer treatment. The findings highlight the financial impact of breast cancer treatment on a cohort of Egyptian breast cancer patients and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to help them access and mitigate the costs of treatment. Recommendations include implementing patient financial navigation services and producing printed materials to inform patients of resources to help mitigate the treatment’s financial impact.
Financial inclusion is recognized as a key enabler of the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals agenda of the United Nations. Hence, this study investigates the impacts of internal conflicts, economic ...growth, information and communications technology, institutional quality, and remittance inflows on financial inclusion in selected South Asian countries. Notably, both the independent and moderating/mediating effects of internal conflict settlement on financial inclusion are explored for the countries of concern. Overall, the results from the econometric analysis reveal that internal conflict resolution, higher mobile subscriptions, and lower levels of corruption improve financial inclusivity while higher economic growth inhibits financial inclusion in South Asia. Further, resolving internal conflicts is found to indirectly boost financial inclusion by moderating the economic growth-financial inclusion nexus and mediating the remittance inflows-financial inclusion relationship. In line with these key findings, several financial inclusion-related policies are recommended to help promote financial inclusivity across South Asia.
Display omitted
•Resolving internal conflict promotes financial inclusion in South Asia.•Mobile accessibility improvement stimulates financial inclusion in South Asia.•Economic growth impedes financial inclusivity in South Asia.•Remittance inflows and internet accessibility do not influence financial inclusion.•Lower internal conflict moderates the economic growth-financial inclusion nexus.•Lower internal conflict mediates the remittance inflows-financial inclusion nexus.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•TiO2@CF-MWCNTs nanocomposites were decorated in different concentrations.•Different examination tools examined the effectiveness of the functionalization process.•The thermal efficiency of FPSCs ...increased up to 26% using a hybrid nanofluid.•The mixture of two nanomaterials, can be a replacement for traditional working fluids.
This study focuses on the thermal and rheological properties of a hybrid fluid consisting of Titanium Dioxide/Chemically functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (TiO2 / CF-MWCNTs) suspended in distilled water (DW) for use in flat plate solar collectors applications. The optimal hybridization ratio of CF-MWCNTs: TiO2 was 40:60. To evaluate thermal efficiency, solar collector tests were conducted using varying flow rates “2LPM, 3LPM, and 4 LPM” according to the ASHRAE’93-2010’ principle. The study examined the effects of various weight percentages of TiO2/CF-MWCNTs add up to the DW as working base fluid to determine the optimal concentration for enhancing the performance of the “FPSC” efficiency. The experimental results showed that using TiO2/CF-MWCNTs in the working fluid improved the collector energy efficiency by approximately 9% and 26% at low and high temperature differences, respectively, compared to distilled water (DW). The effectiveness of the composed nanoadditives was valuation through using various morphological analysis techniques, including Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM). The study found that the rating of the performance index “PI” were totally greater than “1” and increased as the weight concentration of TiO2/CF-MWCNTs increased up to 1.10 for 0.1 wt% with a flow rate of 4 LPM, indicating a higher positive effect on energy efficiency than negative effects on pressure drop. The findings revealed that by incorporating only “0.1 wt%” of TiO2/CF-MWCNTs and using a flow rate of 4 LPM, the optimal conditions were achieved, resulted in a remarkable improvement in flat plate solar collector (FPSC) efficiency up to 84%. In comparison to the conventional working fluid employed in FPSC, the results demonstrated a significant improvement.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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