“New Materials and Their Application: Perspectives in Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics” is a new open Special Issue of Materials, which aims to publish original and review articles on novel ...scientific research that closely relates to new dental materials and their synthesis, function, characteristics, and applications ...
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•A novel collagen/strontium hydroxyapatite nanocomposite (cSrHA) was fabricated.•Nanosized SrHA were embedded in intrafibrillar interstices of collagen fibrils.•cSrHA displayed characteristics like ...calcium hydroxyapatite-mineralized collagen film.•This novel nanocomposite can be a valuable material for bone tissue engineering.
Strontium-releasing bioactive materials have attracted considerable attention for patients with osteoporotic bone defects due to its ability to stimulate bone formation and decrease bone resorption. In the present study, type I collagen/strontium hydroxyapatite nanocomposite (cSrHA) was fabricated via a non-classical biomimetic mineralization pathway. Mineralized collagen fibrils with nanosized SrHA embedded in intrafibrillar interstices were obtained using poly(acrylic acid) as a biomimetic mineralizing director. The resultant nanocomposite was characterized by SEM, TEM, EDS, ATR-FTIR, XRD and TGA. cSrHA displayed morphologies, nanostructures and characteristics similar to those of natural hard tissue and calcium hydroxyapatite-mineralized collagen (cCaHA), indicating its potential value as a biofunctional material for bone engineering.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Oral diseases, such as periapical periodontitis and periodontitis, are characterized by inflammation-induced bone loss. LL-37, a human antimicrobial peptide (AMP), has multiple biological functions ...and the potential to promote osteogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the regulatory effects of LL-37 within normal and inflammatory microenvironments. The roles of P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were also demonstrated. The results showed that LL-37 promoted bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) proliferation, migration and osteogenic differentiation. LL-37 inhibited the expression of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) at both protein and gene levels, and attenuated the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inhibition of osteogenesis. Immunofluorescence (IF) confirmed P2X7R expression in BMSCs. BBG, a P2X7R antagonist, significantly attenuated LL-37-promoted osteogenesis. The phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) increased after LL-37 stimulation, which did not affect p38 phosphorylation. The effects of LL-37 on osteogenesis-related gene expression were markedly attenuated by selective inhibitors of ERK1/2 and JNK. Furthermore, a mouse model of LPS-stimulated calvarial osteolysis was established, and results showed that LL-37 markedly inhibited osteoclastic bone resorption. In conclusion, we speculate that LL-37 inhibits inflammation and promotes BMSC osteogenesis via P2X7R and MAPK signaling pathway.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract For purpose of enhancing the antibacterial activity of a universal adhesive, the antimicrobial peptide nisin was incorporated into Single Bond Universal and its antibacterial effect on ...Streptococcus mutans monospecific biofilms and saliva-derived multispecies biofilms was studied. Nisin was incorporated into Single Bond Universal and the antibacterial activity was examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), phenol-sulfuric acid method and lactate dehydrogenase enzymatic method. The bonding properties were tested by microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and degree of conversion (DC). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significant difference multiple comparison tests (P<0.05). The Single Bond Universal incorporated with 3% (w/v) nisin could significantly inhibit the growth of the S. mutans monospecific biofilms (P<0.01) and decrease the expression of genes related to extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) synthesis (gtfB, gtfC, gtfD and spaP) and acidogenicity (ldh) (P<0.05). 3% (w/v) nisin-incorporated Single Bond Universal could also inhibit the growth of saliva-derived multi-species biofilms and decrease the excretion of EPS and lactic acid (P<0.05). μTBS and DC of 3% (w/v) nisin-incorporated Single Bond Universal did not deteriorate obviously (P>0.05). In conclusion, 3% (w/v) nisin-incorporated Single Bond Universal substantially inhibited the growth of both S. mutans monospecific and saliva-derived multispecies biofilms without compromising the bonding properties.
Objective: To observe ultrastructural changes during the process of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)-mediated intrafibrillar mineralization, we evaluated the biomimetic remineralization potential of CMC ...in type-I collagen fibrils and membranes, and further explored the bond strength as well as the bond interfacial integrity of the biomimetic remineralized artificial caries-affected dentin (ACAD). Methods: A mineralized solution containing 200 μg/mL CMC was used to induce type-I collagen biomimetic remineralization in ACAD, while traditional mineralization without CMC was used as a control. The process and pattern of mineralization were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) as well as structured illumination microscopy (SIM). The Vickers hardness test was used to quantify the dentin hardness, while the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test was used to assess the bond strength and durability. The bond interfacial integrity was evaluated by a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Results: TEM, SEM, and SIM images showed that CMC had a positive effect on stabilizing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and promoting intrafibrillar mineralization, while extrafibrillar mineralization was formed without CMC. Furthermore, hardness evaluation and µTBS proved that CMC significantly increased dentin hardness and bond strength. CLSM indicated that CMC could create a significantly better bond interfacial integrity with less of a micro-gap in ACAD. Significance: CMC possessed the ability to promote intrafibrillar mineralization and remineralization in demineralized caries dentin lesions, as well as improve bond performance, which implied its potential in carious dentin demineralization or dentin hypersensitivity and possibly even as a possible material for indirect pulp-capping, to deal with deep caries. Highlights: CMC possessed the ability to induce intrafibrillar mineralization effectively; the bond strength and bond durability of demineralized caries dentin were improved via CMC-induced remineralization; the CMC-induced remineralization complex is a potential material for indirect pulp-capping, to deal with deep caries.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The objective of the present study was to systematically investigate the influence of molecular weight (MW) and concentration of carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC), which served as non-collagenous protein ...(NCP) surrogates, on biomimetic mineralization of type I collagen. Supersaturated CMC-stabilized amorphous calcium-phosphate (CMC-ACP) dispersions containing different MWs (20 kDa, 60 kDa, 150 kDa) and concentrations (25, 50, 100, 200, 400 μg ml
−1
) of CMC were prepared. After mineralization in the aforementioned dispersions for 7 days, the pattern and extent of biomimetic mineralization of collagen scaffolds were investigated. Our study showed that increasing CMC concentration resulted in increasing stability and decreasing particle size of CMC-ACP dispersions. Images from scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that intrafibrillar mineralization of collagen was obtained with 20k-200, 60k-100, 60k-200 and 150k-200 CMC-ACP dispersions, with hydroxyapatite (HAp) formation confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction measurements, whereas HAp formed extrafibrillar clusters in other collagen scaffolds. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the combined effect of MW and concentration of CMC contributed to different extents of biomimetic mineralization, and was correlated with the stability and particle size of CMC-ACP dispersions, and the size-exclusion characteristics of type I collagen. The results of this work support the effective function of CMC as NCP analogs, and provide parameters of MWs and concentrations of CMC for applications in hard tissue engineering as well as insights into intersections of mechanisms in biomimetic mineralization.
The study systematically investigated the influence of molecular weight and concentration of CMC on CMC-ACP nanoparticles and biomimetic mineralization.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, UL, UM, UPUK
•Nisin-incorporated adhesive inhibits the growth of S. mutans and its biofilm.•The incorporation of nisin has no adverse effect on the curing behavior of Single Bond 2.•A 1% nisin-incorporated ...adhesive does not influence bond strength.
This study attempted to incorporate the antibacterial peptide nisin into an etch-and-rinse dental adhesive to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the modified adhesive against Streptococcus mutans and the bond strength. Single Bond 2 was used as a negative control, and nisin was incorporated at 1%, 3%, and 5% (w/v). The antibacterial activity against S. mutans was evaluated using the film contact test, the agar diffusion test, XTT assays and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of the modified dental adhesive was also evaluated. The cured nisin-incorporated dental adhesive exhibited a significant inhibitory effect on the growth of S. mutans (P<0.05), and the inhibitory effect was strengthened as the nisin concentration increased (P<0.05). However, no significant differences in the agar diffusion test were found for the cured nisin-incorporated adhesives compared with the control group. Based on XTT results and CLSM images, the cured nisin-incorporated adhesive interfered with the adherence of S. mutans and the integrity of its biofilms (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the 1% nisin group did not exhibit a significant difference in μTBS (P>0.05), whereas the 3% and 5% nisin groups displayed decreased bond strength (P<0.05).
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
The poly (γ-glutamic acid)/tricalcium phosphate (γ-PGA/TCP) composite was fabricated as a novel biomineralization material function in preventing caries. Demineralized bovine dentin specimens were ...prepared and randomly divided into 5 groups (i. α-TCP, ⅱ. γ-PGA, ⅲ. γ-PGA/TCP, ⅳ. CPP-ACP, and ⅴ. deionized water) and subjected to 14 days of pH cycling. Remineralization ability was evaluated by lesion depth, mineral loss and microhardness. The morphology of dentin depositions was observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM), the crystal structure was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the wettability was tested by contact angle measurements. ANOVA revealed specimens treated by γ-PGA/TCP presented the statistically least lesion depth (p<0.01) and mineral loss (p<0.001), and the highest hardness (p<0.001). SEM revealed prominent intra- and inter-tubular precipitates in both γ-PGA and γ-PGA/TCP groups. The XRD patterns of the deposition structures in all groups were similar to those of sound dentin, and the contact angle of water decreased after γ-PGA/TCP treatment.
Biomineralization is a highly regulated process that results in the deposition of minerals in a precise manner, ultimately producing skeletal and dental hard tissues. Recent studies have highlighted ...the crucial role played by intracellular processes in initiating biomineralization. These processes involve various organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum(ER), mitochondria, and lysosomes, in the formation, accumulation, maturation, and secretion of calcium phosphate (CaP) particles. Particularly, the recent in-depth study of the dynamic process of the formation of amorphous calcium phosphate(ACP) precursors among organelles has made great progress in the development of the integrity of the biomineralization chain. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these intracellular processes remain unclear, and they cannot be fully integrated with the extracellular mineralization mechanism and the physicochemical structure development of the mineralization particles. In this review, we aim to focus on the recent progress made in understanding intracellular mineralization organelles' processes and their relationship with the physicochemical structure development of CaP and extracellular deposition of CaP particles.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Acute gouty is caused by the excessive accumulation of Monosodium Urate (MSU) crystals within various parts of the body, which leads to a deterioration of the local microenvironment. This degradation ...is marked by elevated levels of uric acid (UA), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, hypoxic conditions, an upsurge in pro-inflammatory mediators, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
In this study, we developed a multifunctional nanoparticle of polydopamine-platinum (PDA@Pt) to combat acute gout by leveraging mild hyperthermia to synergistically enhance UA degradation and anti-inflammatory effect. Herein, PDA acts as a foundational template that facilitates the growth of a Pt shell on the surface of its nanospheres, leading to the formation of the PDA@Pt nanomedicine. Within this therapeutic agent, the Pt nanoparticle catalyzes the decomposition of UA and actively breaks down endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H
O
) to produce O
, which helps to alleviate hypoxic conditions. Concurrently, the PDA component possesses exceptional capacity for ROS scavenging. Most significantly, Both PDA and Pt shell exhibit absorption in the Near-Infrared-II (NIR-II) region, which not only endow PDA@Pt with superior photothermal conversion efficiency for effective photothermal therapy (PTT) but also substantially enhances the nanomedicine's capacity for UA degradation, O
production and ROS scavenging enzymatic activities. This photothermally-enhanced approach effectively facilitates the repair of mitochondrial damage and downregulates the NF-κB signaling pathway to inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
The multifunctional nanomedicine PDA@Pt exhibits exceptional efficacy in UA reduction and anti-inflammatory effects, presenting a promising potential therapeutic strategy for the management of acute gout.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK