A
bstract
Proposals are made to describe 1D,
N
= 4 supersymmetrical systems that ex- tend SYK models by compactifying from 4D,
N
= 1 supersymmetric Lagrangians involving chiral, vector, and tensor ...supermultiplets. Quartic fermionic vertices are generated via in- tegrals over the whole superspace, while 2(
q −
1)-point fermionic vertices are generated via superpotentials. The coupling constants in the superfield Lagrangians are arbitrary, and can be chosen to be Gaussian random. In that case, these 1D,
N
= 4 supersymmetric SYK models would exhibit Wishart-Laguerre randomness, which share the same feature among other 1D supersymmetric SYK models in literature. One difference with 1D,
N
= 1 and
N
= 2 models though, is our models contain dynamical bosons, but this is consistent with other 1D,
N
= 4 and 2D,
N
= 2 models in literature. Added conjectures on duality and possible mirror symmetry realizations in these models is noted.
A
bstract
The first complete and explicit SO(1,9) Lorentz descriptions of all component fields contained in the
N
= 1,
N
= 2A, and
N
= 2B unconstrained scalar 10D superfields are presented. These are ...made possible by a discovery of the dependence of the superfield component expansion on the branching rules of irreducible representations in one ordinary Lie algebra into one of its Lie subalgebras. Adinkra graphs for ten dimensional superspaces are defined for the first time, whose nodes depict spin bundle representations of SO(1,9). A consequential deliverable of this advance is it provides the first explicit, in terms of component fields, examples of all the off-shell 10D Nordström SG theories relevant to string theory, without off-shell central charges that are reducible but with finite numbers of fields. An analogue of Breitenlohner’s approach is implemented to scan for superfields that contain graviton(s) and gravitino(s), which are the candidates for the superconformal prepotential superfields of 10D off-shell supergravity theories and Yang-Mills theories.
A
bstract
We present Adynkra Libraries that can be used to explore the embedding of multiplets of component field (whether on-shell or partial on-shell) within Salam-Strathdee superfields for ...theories in dimension nine through four.
A
bstract
Proposals are made to describe the Weyl scaling transformation laws of supercovariant derivatives
∇
A
, the torsion supertensors
T
AB
C
, and curvature supertensors
R
ABc
d
in 10D ...superspaces. Starting from the proposal that an unconstrained supergravity prepotential for the 11D,
N
= 1 theory is described by a scalar superfield, considerations for supergravity prepotentials in the 10D theories are enumerated. We derive infinitesimal 10D superspace Weyl transformation laws and discover ten possible 10D,
N
= 1 superfield supergravity prepotentials. The first identification of all off-shell ten dimensional supergeometrical Weyl field strength tensors, constructed from respective torsions, is presented.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating condition with no known effective treatment. AD is characterized by memory loss as well as impaired locomotor ability, reasoning, and judgment. Emerging ...evidence suggests that the innate immune response plays a major role in the pathogenesis of AD. In AD, the accumulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain perturbs physiological functions of the brain, including synaptic and neuronal dysfunction, microglial activation, and neuronal loss. Serum levels of soluble ST2 (sST2), a decoy receptor for interleukin (IL)-33, increase in patients with mild cognitive impairment, suggesting that impaired IL-33/ST2 signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Therefore, we investigated the potential therapeutic role of IL-33 in AD, using transgenic mouse models. Here we report that IL-33 administration reverses synaptic plasticity impairment and memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. IL-33 administration reduces soluble Aβ levels and amyloid plaque deposition by promoting the recruitment and Aβ phagocytic activity of microglia; this is mediated by ST2/p38 signaling activation. Furthermore, IL-33 injection modulates the innate immune response by polarizing microglia/macrophages toward an antiinflammatory phenotype and reducing the expression of proinflammatory genes, including IL-1β, IL-6, and NLRP3, in the cortices of APP/PS1 mice. Collectively, our results demonstrate a potential therapeutic role for IL-33 in AD.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
High prevalence of anxiety symptoms has been reported globally in the university students. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the recognized treatment for anxiety and is traditionally conducted ...face-to-face (f-CBT). The efficacy of internet-based CBT (i-CBT) for anxiety has been extensively studied, yet evidence on its cost-effectiveness is scarce. We aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of guided low-intensity i-CBT for university students with mild anxiety symptoms from the societal perspective of Hong Kong.
A 5-year Markov model was designed to compare outcomes of guided i-CBT and f-CBT in a hypothetical cohort of university students with mild anxiety symptoms. Model inputs of cost and healthcare resources associated with anxiety were retrospectively collected from a cohort of university students with anxiety symptoms. Clinical and utility model inputs were retrieved from published literature. Model outcome measures were anxiety-related total cost (including direct medical and indirect costs) and quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine the robustness of base-case results.
In base-case analysis, i-CBT gained higher QALYs (2.9956 versus 2.9917) at lower total cost (US$6,101 versus US$6,246) than f-CBT. In one-way sensitivity analysis, the QALY gained by i-CBT was sensitive to the relative patient acceptance and adherence to CBT. In probabilistic sensitivity analysis, i-CBT was cost-effective in 90.9% of the time at the willingness-to-pay threshold of 138,210 per QALY (3× GDP per capita in Hong Kong). The probability of i-CBT to be cost-effective was 99.9% at a willingness-to-pay threshold of zero.
Guided i-CBT appears to be cost-saving and effective for management of university students with mild symptoms of anxiety from the societal perspective of Hong Kong. The cost-effectiveness of i-CBT is highly subject to the individual acceptance and adherence of CBT delivered by the internet platform.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
A
bstract
For the first time in the physics literature, the Lorentz representations of all 2,147,483,648 bosonic degrees of freedom and 2,147,483,648 fermionic degrees of freedom in an unconstrained ...eleven dimensional scalar superfield are presented. Comparisons of the conceptual bases for this advance in terms of component field, superfield, and adinkra arguments, respectively, are made. These highlight the computational efficiency of the adinkra-based approach over the others. It is noted at level sixteen in the 11D,
N
= 1 scalar superfield, the {65} representation of SO(1,10), the conformal graviton, is present. Thus, adinkra-based arguments suggest the surprising possibility that the 11D,
N
= 1 scalar superfield alone might describe a Poincaré supergravity prepotential or semi-prepotential in analogy to one of the off-shell versions of 4D,
N
= 1 superfield supergravity. We find the 11D,
N
= 1 scalar superfield contains 1,494 bosonic fields, 1,186 fermionic fields, and a maximum number of 29,334 links connecting them via orbits of the supercharges.
A
bstract
As the full off-shell theories of supergravity in the important dimensions of eleven and ten dimensions are currently unknown, we introduce a superfield formalism as a foundation and ...experimental laboratory to explore the possibility that the scalar versions of the higher dimensional supergravitation theory can be constructed.
The reported equivocal evidence of the effectiveness of disability simulation programs in reducing ableist attitudes toward people with disabilities has led to a persistent debate about the suggested ...discontinuation of such simulation programs to avoid further reinforcement of ableism. The present research conducted a meta-analysis on 12 empirical studies evaluating the impact of mobility disability simulation programs on attitudes toward people with disabilities and environmental accessibility to better inform future research and practice. A citation search using keywords related to "disability" and "simulation" in the title and/or abstract in 11 major online databases (i.e., Cochrane, EBSCOhost, EMBASE, Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, JSTOR, LearnTechLib, ProQuest, PsycINFO, Scopus, and Web of Science) was conducted to retrieve relevant empirical articles that are published within the earliest dates of each database and June 2021 for the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis using a random effects model revealed that participation in the simulation programs resulted in large effect sizes in increasing fear and anxiety Cohen's d = -1.51, 95% CI (-2.98, -.05), n = 2 but small effect sizes in improving conceptions of social inclusion at postsimulation Cohen's d = .24, 95% CI (.01, .47), n = 5 while reducing stereotypes toward people with disabilities at follow-up Cohen's d = .57, 95% CI (.10, 1.03), n = 3. Inconclusive changes in the behavioral tendency of inclusion-promoting actions and stereotypes at postsimulation were found. The three exploratory moderators (i.e., the program duration, the presence of facilitators with disabilities, and the debriefing arrangement) were not statistically significantly associated with between-subgroup differences in the program's effectiveness in reducing stereotypes toward people with disabilities. The findings informed a series of recommended reforms in the program message framing, formats of the simulation, scope and referents of outcome measures, incorporation of environmental perspectives and behavioral measures, and methodological quality of the program evaluation study.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The present study tested whether the relationships among resilience, life satisfaction, and depression could be explained by positive views toward the self, the world, and the future (positive ...cognitive triad). Structural equation modeling and mediation analyses were conducted based on 1,419 college students in Hong Kong. The model of positive cognitive triad as mediator between resilience and well-being fit the data (comparative fit index = .94, Tucker-Lewis index = .93, root-mean-square error of approximation = .08). Findings showed resilience to be significantly related to positive cognitions about the self, the world, and the future. Individuals who had higher level of resilience held significantly more positive cognitions and reported significantly higher levels of life satisfaction and lower levels of depression. The utility of the positive cognitive triad as the mechanism through which resilience enhances well-being was supported. Applications in cultivating resilience and positive cognitions in counseling services are discussed.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
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