At present time, there is an obvious need for a new generation of vaccines as the most effective preventive approach, in order to stop spreading of tuberculosis infection. So far, the most popular ...strategy isaimed at heterological vaccination. The idea is to use BCG, or improved BCG, or attenuated M. tuberculosis for primary vaccination. For the further booster vaccination one may apply thw s.c. subunit or vector vaccines, containing protective mycobacterial proteins. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate protective effects of a new vaccine based on recombinant bacterial proteins Ag85, ТВ10 and FliC. We used a model with aerosol M. tuberculosis H37Rv infection, and compared lung and spleen CFU counts and life-span of vaccinated versus non-vaccinated С57BL/6 mice. As a result, we revealed three vaccine variants with comparable protective capacity against BCG using our experimental model. The most promising variant is suggested for testing in preclinical trials.
At present time, there is an obvious need for a new generation of vaccines as the most effective preventive approach, in order to stop spreading of tuberculosis infection. So far, the most popular ...strategy is aimed at heterological vaccination. The idea is to use BCG, or improved BCG, or attenuated M. tuberculosis for primary vaccination. For the further booster vaccination one may apply thw s.c. subunit or vector vaccines, containing protective mycobacterial proteins. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate protective effects of a new vaccine based on recombinant bacterial proteins Ag85, ТВ10 and FliC. We used a model with aerosol M. tuberculosis H37Rv infection, and compared lung and spleen CFU counts and life-span of vaccinated versus non-vaccinated С57BL/6 mice. As a result, we revealed three vaccine variants with comparable protective capacity against BCG using our experimental model. The most promising variant is suggested for testing in preclinical trials.
Smart, connected, and automated vehicles will have a significant impact on the safety, efficiency, and convenience of future transportation and mobility. However, most of the related services and ...technological features will be implemented in millions of lines of code running on hundreds of computers, embedded into each car. While classic automotive hardware and software are mainly designed statically and with just safety and real-time capability in mind, future systems also have to consider security and flexible maintenance aspects: Wireless communication across car boundaries requires solid protection against attackers and dynamic update mechanisms are required to reflect changing customer requirements and legal regulations throughout the entire lifetime of the cars. This article discusses specific challenges on embedded operating systems and processor architectures for highly dependable and compositional computing platforms in future vehicles.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The formation of secondary structures in nicotrated layers on surfaces of complex-alloy heatresistant 25Kh3M3NBTsA and 30KhN2MFA structural steels under the effect of sliding friction with resource ...lubrication has been studied using metallography, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermodynamic modeling. It has been found that, under friction, the nicotrated layer on the steels oxidizes to produce iron oxides, which is substantially less pronounced for 25Kh3M3NBTsA steel than for 30KhN2MFA steel. It has been shown using thermodynamic modeling that, under equilibrium conditions, the heating of both steels to a temperature of ~300°C leads to the formation of an internal-oxidation layer, which consists of FeO with MoO
2
, Cr
2
O
3
, and carbon impurities, a Fe
3
O
4
interlayer with MoO
2
and Cr
2
O
3
impurities, and a top layer of Fe
2
O
3
with Cr
2
O
3
impurity. The heating of steels to a temperature of ~700°C leads to the formation of an internal-oxidation layer, which consists of FeO with MoO
2
and carbon impurities, a Fe
3
O
4
interlayer with MoO
2
impurity, and a top layer of Cr
2
O
3
with Fe
2
MnO
4
and SiO
2
impurities.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Polymerase chain reaction-RFLP was used to distribute two polymorphic markers (SNP) PARK2-e01 (-697) and rs1333955 located at the common promoter site of the PARK2 and PACRG genes in order to reveal ...assumed associations with the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis in the Barum-Khemchiksky and Ovyursky Districts of the Republic of Tyva. No significant differences were found in the frequencies of these two polymorphic markers between the groups of patients with tuberculosis and healthy individuals, residing in the above districts, and between the total control samples from both districts. The total group of patients with tuberculosis from the two districts from the Republic of Tyva showed a significant surplus of heterozygotes in both study markers, as compared with the group of healthy individuals, which was also observed for the marker rs1333955 in the Barum-Khemchksky District alone. The observed features of genotypic distribution by the two study markers point to the influence of the considered markers on the incidence of tuberculosis.
Todja is a secluded region of northern Tuva situated in the Sayany Mountains, Siberia. The aboriginal population of Todja is Tuvan. A total of 128 healthy Tuvans living in Todja were typed for HLA‐A, ...‐B and ‐C antigens and several plasma and erythrocyte protein polymorphisms (Hp, Tf, Gc, ESD, ACP, PGM1, PGD and ADA). The observed frequencies of all 8 blood protein and HLA genotypes were in agreement with Hardy‐Weinberg expectations. The most frequent HLA antigens in Todjans are A2 (0.36). A3 (0,24), A9 (0.50), B15 (0.34) and B40 (0.50). HLA haplotypes A2B5, A2B40, A9B15 and A9B40 are most common in this population. The observed frequencies of protein polymorphisms and HLA antigens and haplotypes in Todjans are similar to those of other Mongoloid populations. A comparison of HLA frequencies currently observed in Todjans with those obtained 20 years ago at the same locality showed minor changes attributable to the effect of migration.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The paper presents the results of a population-based, geneticoepidemiological, and immunological study conducted in two regions of Tatarstan. The population-based risks for tuberculosis were ...established for males and females. Based on the population and family data, the authors calculated the genetic liability to tuberculosis, namely hereditability that is in the range of 0.8 to 1.0 and includes the contribution of nongenetic and environmental factors. Analysis of the results of immunogenetic studies of the northwestern region of Tatarstan has ascertained that patients have an association with the HLA antigen B22, in the Kama Region there is an association with other HLA antigens: B12 and B16. The higher frequency of the HLA antigens B28 and CW1 in healthy individuals as compared with that in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) suggests the resistance of PT carriers of these antigens for the disease. A study of the distribution of HLA genes by polymerase chain reaction has established the association of the disease with the DR-B1-15 genes in the Kama Region.
Detection of the genetic markers determining a predisposition to pulmonary tuberculosis is a necessary condition for the warranted formation of risk groups in the populations. On this basis, the ...authors used immunogenetic studies to examine 60 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and 96 healthy individuals of Tuvinian nationality, who lived in the Barum-Khemchiksky District, Republic of Tyva. The microlymphocytotoxic test was used to determine class I HLA antigens and polymerase chain reaction was employed to reveal the specificity of class II HLA-DRB1 gene. The study revealed a positive association of HLA-B27 antigen and the specificities of HLA-DRB1 13(6) HLA-DRB1 14(6) with tuberculosis, which permits tuberculosis risk groups to be formed, by taking into account the immunogenetic data obtained in this district of the Republic of Tyva.
The paper presents the results of a study of the distribution of Class I HLA antigens in an ethnic Tatar group (in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and healthy individuals) in 4 districts of ...Tatarstan. It has been ascertained that an association with HLA-B22 antigen exists in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.
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