In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, ...and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data.
The purpose of the present study was to report safety, efficacy, and renal function outcomes with use of the GuardWire embolic protection device (EPD) in renal artery stent placement for patients ...with renal artery stenosis (RAS) and chronic renal insufficiency (CRI).
This was a retrospective study of all patients with RAS and CRI treated concomitantly with a GuardWire EPD and renal artery stents from December 2002 through June 2006. Renal function was determined by calculating the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) according to the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease formula, and subjects were divided into Kidney Disease Outcomes and Quality Initiative (K-DOQI) classes based on baseline eGFR. After revascularization, an improvement from baseline of at least one K-DOQI class was defined as improvement, unchanged K-DOQI class as stabilization, and worsening of at least one K-DOQI class as deterioration.
There were 63 patients (54% men) with a mean age of 75.2 years +/- 7.7. The mean baseline serum creatinine level and eGFR were 1.87 mg/dL +/- 0.6 (range, 1-3.8 mg/dL) and 36.63 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) +/- 11.42 (range, 13.85-59.99 mL/min per 1.73 m(2)), respectively, and at the last clinical follow-up, the respective measurements were 1.96 mg/dL +/- 0.72 and 38.75 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) +/- 13.25 (P = not significant). Over a mean follow-up period of 16 months +/- 12, 14 patients (25%) showed improvement, 33 (58%) had stable renal function, and 10 (18%) showed deterioration. There was one GuardWire-related dissection, which was successfully treated with a stent.
The GuardWire EPD, used during renal artery stent placement, is safe and was associated with stabilization or improvement in kidney function in 83% of patients with RAS and CRI.
To present the safety and short-term outcomes of using controlled blunt microdissection catheter-assisted revascularization of symptomatic chronic total occlusions of the lower extremity.
A ...retrospective study was performed on 61 patients (46 men) with a mean age of 72.3 years +/- 9.4 who underwent 67 procedures in 86 arteries between June 2003 and March 2007 for claudication (38 procedures, 57%), rest pain (19 procedures, 28%), and tissue loss (10 procedures, 15%). Technical success was defined as successful traversal of the occlusion. Duplex ultrasonography (US) was used to assess patency. Clinical patency was defined as at least one category improvement in Rutherford score from baseline and absence of target limb revascularization or major amputation at 6 months.
Chronic total occlusions were located in aortoiliac (11 arteries, 13%), infrainguinal (72 arteries, 83%), and infrapopliteal (four arteries, 5%) arteries. The mean lesion length was 14.2 cm +/- 8. The tibial run-off vessels was 1.9 vessels +/- 0.8. The technical success rate of the procedure was 84%. Advanced age (P = .04), renal function (P = .02), and target lesion length (P < or = .01) were predictors of technical failure. The clinical success rate at 6 months was 92%, and the primary patency with duplex US was 87%. Renal function (P < or = .01), length of the occlusion (P < or =.01), number of stents per procedure (P < or =.01), and tibial run-off vessels (P = .05) were the predictors of clinical success.
The controlled blunt microdissection catheter is safe in the revascularization of chronic total occlusions of the lower extremity. The technical success rate was 84% and predicted by age, renal function, and lesion characteristics. Clinical patency at 6 months was 92% and predicted by renal function, lesion characteristics, and run-off.
User-Driven Frequency Scaling Mallik, A.; Bin Lin; Memik, G. ...
IEEE computer architecture letters,
02/2006, Volume:
5, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
We propose and evaluate user-driven frequency scaling (UDFS) for improved power management on processors that support dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS), e.g, those used in current laptop ...and desktop computers. UDFS dynamically adapts CPU frequency to the individual user and the workload through a simple user feedback mechanism, unlike currently-used DVFS methods which rely only on CPU utilization. Our UDFS algorithms dramatically reduce typical operating frequencies while maintaining performance at satisfactory levels for each user. We evaluated our techniques through user studies conducted on a Pentium M laptop running Windows applications. The UDFS scheme reduces measured system power by 22.1%, averaged across all our users and applications, compared to the Windows XP DVFS scheme
The ultimate goal of computer design is to satisfy the end-user. In particular computing domains, such as interactive applications, there exists a variation in user expectations and user satisfaction ...relative to the performance of existing computer systems. In this work, we leverage this variation to develop more efficient architectures that are customized to end-users. We first investigate the relationship between microarchitectural parameters and user satisfaction. Specifically, we analyze the relationship between hardware performance counter (HPC) readings and individual satisfaction levels reported by users for representative applications. Our results show that the satisfaction of the user is strongly correlated to the performance of the underlying hardware. More importantly, the results show that user satisfaction is highly user-dependent. To take advantage of these observations, we develop a framework called Individualized Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (iDVFS). We study a group of users to characterize the relationship between the HPCs and individual user satisfaction levels. Based on this analysis, we use artificial neural networks to model the function from HPCs to user satisfaction for individual users. This model is then used online to predict user satisfaction and set the frequency level accordingly. A second set of user studies demonstrates that iDVFS reduces the CPU power consumption by over 25% in representative applications as compared to the Windows XP DVFS algorithm.
The ultimate goal of a computer system is to satisfy its users. The success of architectural or system-level optimizations depends largely on having accurate metrics for user satisfaction. We propose ...to derive such metrics from information that is "close to flesh" and apparent to the user rather than from information that is "close to metal" and hidden from the user. We describe and evaluate PICSEL, a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique that uses measurements of variations in the rate of change of a computer's video output to estimate user-perceived performance. Our adaptive algorithms, one conservative and one aggressive, use these estimates to dramatically reduce operating frequencies and voltages for graphically-intensive applications while maintaining performance at a satisfactory level for the user. We evaluate PICSEL through user studies conducted on a Pentium M laptop running Windows XP. Experiments performed with 20 users executing three applications indicate that the measured laptop power can be reduced by up to 12.1%, averaged across all of our users and applications, compared to the default Windows XP DVFS policy. User studies revealed that the difference in overall user satisfaction between the more aggressive version of PICSEL and Windows DVFS were statistically insignificant, whereas the conservative version of PICSEL actually improved user satisfaction when compared to Windows DVFS.
PICSEL Mallik, Arindam; Cosgrove, Jack; Dick, Robert P. ...
Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems,
03/2008
Conference Proceeding
The ultimate goal of a computer system is to satisfy its users. The success of architectural or system-level optimizations depends largely on having accurate metrics for user satisfaction. We propose ...to derive such metrics from information that is "close to flesh" and apparent to the user rather than from information that is "close to metal" and hidden from the user. We describe and evaluate PICSEL, a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) technique that uses measurements of variations in the rate of change of a computer's video output to estimate user-perceived performance. Our adaptive algorithms, one conservative and one aggressive, use these estimates to dramatically reduce operating frequencies and voltages for graphically-intensive applications while maintaining performance at a satisfactory level for the user. We evaluate PICSEL through user studies conducted on a Pentium M laptop running Windows XP. Experiments performed with 20 users executing three applications indicate that the measured laptop power can be reduced by up to 12.1%, averaged across all of our users and applications, compared to the default Windows XP DVFS policy. User studies revealed that the difference in overall user satisfaction between the more aggressive version of PICSEL and Windows DVFS were statistically insignificant, whereas the conservative version of PICSEL actually improved user satisfaction when compared to Windows DVFS.
We describe and evaluate two new, independently-applicable power reduction techniques for power management on processors that support dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS): user-driven ...frequency scaling (UDFS) and process-driven voltage scaling (PDVS). In PDVS, a CPU-customized profile is derived offline that encodes the minimum voltage needed to achieve stability at each combination of CPU frequency and temperature. On a typical processor, PDVS reduces the voltage below the worst-case minimum operating voltages given in datasheets. UDFS, on the other hand, dynamically adapts CPU frequency to the individual user and the workload through direct user feedback. Our UDFS algorithms dramatically reduce typical operating frequencies and voltages while maintaining performance at a satisfactory level for each user. We evaluate our techniques independently and together through user studies conducted on a Pentium M laptop running Windows applications. We measure the overall system power and temperature reduction achieved by our methods. Combining PDVS and the best UDFS scheme reduces measured system power by 49.9% (27.8% PDVS, 22.1% UDFS), averaged across all our users and applications, compared to Windows XP DVFS. The average temperature of the CPU is decreased by 13.2degC. User trace-driven simulation to evaluate the CPU only indicates average CPU dynamic power savings of 57.3% (32.4% PDVS, 24.9% UDFS), with a maximum reduction of 83.4%. In a multitasking environment, the same UDFS+PDVS technique reduces the CPU dynamic power by 75.7% on average.
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