The gastrointestinal tract is a functionally and anatomically segmented organ that is colonized by microbial communities from birth. While the genetics of mouse gut development is increasingly ...understood, how nutritional factors and the commensal gut microbiota act in concert to shape tissue organization and morphology of this rapidly renewing organ remains enigmatic. Here, we provide an overview of embryonic mouse gut development, with a focus on the intestinal vasculature and the enteric nervous system. We review how nutrition and the gut microbiota affect the adaptation of cellular and morphologic properties of the intestine, and how these processes are interconnected with innate immunity. Furthermore, we discuss how nutritional and microbial factors impact the renewal and differentiation of the epithelial lineage, influence the adaptation of capillary networks organized in villus structures, and shape the enteric nervous system and the intestinal smooth muscle layers. Intriguingly, the anatomy of the gut shows remarkable flexibility to nutritional and microbial challenges in the adult organism.
Non-motor symptoms (NMS) occur in patients with cervical dystonia (CD) but with variable frequencies and impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). To define non-motor and motor profiles and ...their respective impact on HRQoL in CD patients using the newly validated Dystonia Non-Motor Symptoms Questionnaire (DNMSQuest). In an observational prospective multicentre case–control study, we enrolled 61 patients with CD and 61 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) comparing demographic data, motor and non-motor symptoms and HRQoL measurements. 95% CD patients reported at least one NMS. Mean total NMS score was significantly higher in CD patients (5.62 ± 3.33) than in HC (1.74 ± 1.52;
p
< 0.001). Pain, insomnia and stigma were the most prevalent NMS and HRQoL was significantly impaired in CD patients compared to HC. There was strong correlation of NMS burden with HRQoL (CDQ-24:
r
= 0.72, EQ-5D:
r
= − 0.59;
p
< 0.001) in CD patients. Regression analysis between HRQoL and NMS suggested that emotional well-being (standardized beta = − 0.352) and pain (standardized beta = − 0.291) had a major impact on HRQoL while, in contrast motor severity had no significant impact in this model. Most NMS with the exception of pain, stigma and ADL did not correlate with motor severity. NMS are highly prevalent in CD patients and occur independent of age, sex, disease duration, duration of botulinum neurotoxin therapy and socio-economic status. Specific NMS such as emotional well-being and pain have a major impact on HRQoL and are more relevant than motor severity.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
El artículo habla sobre el libro del famoso orientalista Al-Baqillani. Lo anterior es muy relevante y rico en información interesante. Abu Bakr al-Baqillani jugó un papel importante en el análisis ...del Corán y sus estudios en la segunda mitad del siglo X. Sabemos muy poco acerca de la vida personal del autor, pero las fuentes dicen que está siendo estudiado con diez científicos líderes. Este libro, escrito por el erudito del Corán, el libro principal del Islam, es de gran importancia como fuente histórica. Fue el mejor poeta y llamador de su tiempo. El artículo también contiene información interesante sobre la cultura oriental y la historia oriental.
Amaç
Morbidite ve mortalitesi yüksek olan KOAH’da, prognostik
belirteçlerin saptanması önemlidir. Plazma laktat
düzeyi, doku oksijen ihtiyacını gösteren ve kolay
ulaşılabilen bir tetkiktir. ...Çalışmamızın amacı; stabil
KOAH olgularında plazma laktat düzeyi ile GOLD
KOAH kategorisi, FEV1, ataklar ve hipoksemi arasındaki
ilişkiyi incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem
Göğüs Hastalıkları Polikliniği’ne başvuran stabil dönemdeki
KOAH olguları retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi.
Demografik özellikler, arter kan gazı analizleri,
yıllık atak sayıları, GOLD KOAH kategorisine göre;
A,B,C,D sınıfları, spirometrik parametreler, evde uzun
süreli oksijen tedavisi (USOT) ve non-invaziv mekanik
ventilasyon (NİMV) kullanıp kullanmadıkları kaydedildi.
Bulgular
Toplam 103 stabil KOAH olgusu (E/K: 90/13, ortalama
yaş: 66.8±8.0/yıl) çalışmaya dahil edildi. Olguların
FEV1:%45.7±20.2, FVC:%63.5±22.2, Pa-
O2:66.3±15.0mmHg, PaCO2:43.9±8.3mmHg, laktat:
1.5±0.6 mmol/L idi. On iki olgu(%11.7) A, 16 olgu
(%15.5) B, 25 olgu (%24.3) C, 50 olgu (%48.5) D grubunda
idi. Olguların %47.6’sı (n=49) USOT, %37.3’ü
(n=28) NİMV kullanmakta idi. D kategorisindeki olgularda
laktat düzeyi A, B, C sınıflarına göre belirgin
yüksekti (p
Objective
Lactate level is an indicator of tissue oxygenation.
It might be valuable for COPD patients to have
a prognostic marker. Thus, we aimed to evaluate
the relationship between lactate level and COPD
classification, FEV1 level, exacerbations, hypoxemia
in stable COPD patients.
Materials and Methods
In this retrospective study, demographics, arterial
blood gas analysis, exacerbation history, GOLD
classification, pulmonary function tests, long-term
oxygen therapy (LTOT) and non-invasive mechanical
ventilation (NIMV) usage in stable COPD patients
were recorded.
Results
Totally 103 patients (M / F: 90/13, mean age: 66.8 ±
8.0years) were included. Mean FEV1:45±20%, FVC:
63±22%, PaO2:66±15mmHg, PaCO2:43±8mmHg,
lactate level: 1.5±0.6mmol/L. The groups of the
patients according to GOLD COPD classification were
as follows;; 11.7%, 15.5%, 24.3%, 48.5% in A,B,C,D,
respectively. Of patients 47.6% were using LTOT and
37.3% were using NIMV. Lactate level of the patients
in category D was significantly higher than the patients
in A, B, C categories (p
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Məqalədə Azərbaycan dili dərslərində müasir təlim metodları ilə dil qaydalarının öyrədilməsi metodikasından bəhs olunur. Azərbaycan dilinin ümumtəhsil məktəblərində tədris olunması şagirdlərdə nitq ...mədəniyyətinin inkişafına şərait yaradır. Bu fənn vasitəsi ilə şagirdlər Azərbaycan dilinin səs, lüğət tərkibinə bələd olur, dil qaydalarını mənimsəyir, ana dilini mükəmməl öyrənməklə yalnız bu fənnin deyil, digər fənlərin də tələblərini asanlıqla qarşılayırlar. Kurikulum ölkəmizdə tətbiq olunandan bəri ibtidai siniflərdə də Azərbaycan dili fənni bu təhsil proqramına uyğun tədris edilir. Linqvistik biliklərin mənimsənilməsi şagirdlərin yazılı və şifahi nitq qabiliyyətlərinin inkişafında mühüm rol oynayır. Bu, eyni zamanda nitqin mədəniliyini qavramaq üçün qoyulan tələblərin, fərdi və funksional üslubların əsas xüsusiyyətlərinin mənimsənilərək müqayisə olunmasına və təcrübədə tətbiqinə zəmin yaradır.
Məqalədə müasir təlim prosesində Azərbaycan dili fənninin əsas məqsədi, əhəmiyyəti və vəzifələrindən bəhs olunur. Qeyd olunur ki, ümumtəhsil məktəblərində Azərbaycan dilinin tədrisində başlıca məqsəd ...şagirdlərdə hərtərəfli nitq bacarıqları və nitq mədəniyyətini formalaşdırmaqdır. Bu o deməkdir ki, təhsilini başa vurmuş hər bir məktəbli aydın, səlis nitqə malik olmalı, fikir və düşüncələrini həm şifahi, həm də yazılı formada sərbəst şəkildə ifadə etməyi, şəraitdən asılı olaraq başqaları ilə ünsiyyət qurmağı, müəyyən problemlə bağlı müzakirə aparmağı, lazımi məqamda söylənilmiş mülahizələri ümumiləşdirməyi bacarmalıdır. Qabaqcıl təcrübə göstərir ki, qarşıya qoyulan məqsəd və vəzifələrin həyata keçirilməsi üçün dilin nitq fəaliyyəti zəminində tədrisi yeniliyi həyata keçirməyə qabil olan ən optimal yoldur və təlimin keyfiyyəti bu işin düzgün təşkilindən asılıdır.
Objective: Ghosal hematodiaphyseal dysplasia syndrome (GHDD) is a rare authosomal ressesive disorder characterized by increased bone density and regenerative corticosteroid-sensitive anemia.We ...describe GHDD in an 11-year old Azerbaijani boy with refractory anemia,mild thrombocytopenia and radiological metadiaphyseal dysplasia.The diagnosis was made based on clinical and laboratory examinations and genetic analysis.We have observed a significant improvement of anemia after administration of steroids. Case report: An 11-year-old boy with long-standing anemia, complained of fatigue,delayed physical development,and limited range of motion in the joint.Physical examination did not reveal LAP and hepatosplenomegaly.Among the dysmorphic craniofacial changes mentioned in the literature, has a tower-shaped skull,micrognotia,drooping ears,a long and wide philtrum,and a thin upper lip.Skeletal X-ray imaging showed fibrotic changes and varying degrees of osteopenia in the metaphysis of the long tubular bones. Methodology: The blood count: Hb 7.0 g/dl,HCT 24.5%,reticulocytes 5.6%,MCV 78fL,MCHC 28.6 g/dl,WBC count 6860/mm3,platelets 165000/mm3,ESR 75 mm/h,anisocytosis in erythrocytes and platelets were observed in a peripheral blood smear.Hemoglobin electrophoresis,iron studies,vitamin B12 and folic acid were normal.Coombs test was negative.Bone marrow examination showed hypoplasia in erythroid and megakaryocytic series and dysgranulocytopoiesis. Results: After detection of exon 12 ((p.Gly473Trp),rs149988492,CM215867) in the genetic panel analysis of anemia,steroid treatment at a dose of 1 mg/kg/day was started and anemia improved at 1-month follow-up (Hb level 6.8 g/dL to 11.9 g/dL),but mild thrombocytopenia was noted to persist.The clinically insignificant CRP elevation normalized during the treatment. Conclusion: GHDD should be considered in patients with clinical and radiographic evidence of diaphyseal dysplasia as well as hematological abnormalities. In addition, bone dysplasia should be investigated in treatment-resistant hematological pathologies of unknown origin. Although GHDD is rare, clinicians should be informed that it responds well to steroid therapy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In the presented work, the mycobiota of several medicinal plants that make up the flora of Azerbaijan was studied in order to create basic information for the development of principles of mycological ...safety of their use. The results showed that the mycobiota of the studied plants is rich in species composition, since 186 species are involved in the formation of the mycobiota of medicinal plants included in the flora of Azerbaijan, 94.1% of which are real fungi (Mycota), and 6.9% are mushroom-like organisms (Chromista). Among the detected fungi, a significant proportion of opportunistic (opportunistic), allergenic and toxigenic fungi, which are an indirect or direct source of danger to all living things, including humans. This circumstance justifies the need to prepare documents regulating the mycological safety of plant materials intended for medical purposes, and the first approach when using these plants should take into account the number of mycobiota, the quantitative indicator of which should not exceed 103 CFU/g (dry weight).
Were investigated aquatic extracts and essential oils obtained from some plants (Agropyrum repens L, Apium graveolens L., Artemisia absinthium L., Mentha piperita L.) included in the flora of ...Azerbaijan on the growth of toxigenic fungi. It was determined that both materials obtained from the studied plants affects on the growth of toxigenic fungi. Although the effects of aqueous extract are fungistatic, the effects of essential oils are characterized as fungicidal activity. In the case of adding 0.01% of essential oil obtained from the Mentha piperita L. to the medium, the growth of all toxigenic fungi stops. This allowed us to note that the use of preparation obtained from same plant against of toxigenic fungi in the future is respectively.
Objective: Griscelli syndrome type 2 is rare authosomal ressesive disorder caused by a defect in the RAB27A gene, which affects a melanosome-anchoring complex in melanocytes, affecting release of ...cytolytic granules from T and NK cells. Children with GS type 2 develop an uncontrolled T-lymphocyte and macrophage activation syndrome known as hemophagocytic syndrome (HS) or hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). We describe a 3 years old girl patient classic features of Griscelli syndrome type 2 Case report: A 3-year-old girl was admitted to hematology with complaints of LAP, hepatosplenomegaly and pancytopenia (WBC- 3080/µl, Hb-7.6 g/dl, Neutr.-350/µl, PLT - 165000/µl). The patient's condition was below the percentile, her skin was bronze, her hair was silver-grey. HLH criteria were met (triglycerides 458 mg/mL, ferritin 3445 ng/mL, fibrinogen 180 mg/dl). Morphology of the bone marrow was hypocellular, signs of dyserythropoiesis (stage I) and megakaryocytes were reduced Methodology: According to the clinical and laboratory data(hepatosplenomegaly, increased ferritin, hypertriglyceridemia, pancytopenia, hyperthermia resistant to antimicrobial therapy, silver-gray hair, pigment balls of hair seen light microscope) and the death of another undiagnosed child in the family, suggested likely primary HLH and GS. As a result of genetic analysis (homozygous mutation c.514_ 518delCAAGC(p.GLN172Asnfs*,rs767481076)1 in the RAB27A gene), the diagnosis of GS type 2 was confirmed. Results: The patient was treated according to the HLH 2004 protocol. CSA levels were measured once a week. IVIG support was given based on IgG levels. HSCT was planned from patient's healthy HLA-matched sibling, but HSCT was delayed because the brother was infant. After 45 weeks of maintenance therapy, etoposide was discontinued, dose of dexamethasone was reduced to 5 mg/kg, but CSA was continued at the same dose. Control studies are carried out once a week. As far as possible HSCT is planning Conclusion: The prognosis of patients with Griscelli syndrome is poor. It is usually rapidly fatal within 1-4 years without aggressive treatment and bone marrow transplantation at onset of an accelerated phase. HSCT is more successful when implemented early course of the disease. Palliative care includes treatment and prophylaxis care infections and immunosupressor therapy in accelerated phases. Some patients have died after transplantation, but others have had lasting remissions
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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