Background
Nurses working in emergency units are in direct contact with traumatic events. Trauma effects do not solely affect patients and their caregivers and, rather, extend to secondarily ...influence nurses themselves. Secondary exposure to trauma may result in symptoms similar to symptoms experienced by the patient themselves. No previous study investigated the secondary traumatic stress among emergency nurses in Jordan.
Purpose
To identify prevalence, predictors, and consequences of secondary traumatic stress among nurses working in emergency departments.
Method
A descriptive correlation design was utilized to collect data using self‐report questionnaires from 202 nurses working at eight emergency departments in Jordan.
Findings
The study revealed that almost half of the sample reported high to severe levels of secondary traumatic stress. The analyses showed that nurses who demonstrated lower empathy (P = .016) and greater coping capacity (P < .001) tended to develop more secondary traumatic stress. Organizational factors were not significant predictors of secondary traumatic stress.
Conclusion
A significant proportion of emergency nurses suffer secondary traumatic stress that is found also to be associated with psychical factors. Emergency nurses need to consider the consequences of secondary traumatic stress on their health and quality of care provided.
SUMMARY STATEMENT
What is already known about this topic?
Emergency nurses are susceptible to develop secondary traumatic stress due to nature of their work and being repetitively exposed to traumatic patients.
No studies have examined existence of secondary traumatic stress among nurses in Jordan and in the Arab countries.
The literature has contradicting findings on factors that can enhance or attenuate development of secondary traumatic stress symptoms.
What this paper adds?
More than half of the participants reported high to severe levels of secondary traumatic stress indicating that secondary traumatic stress is apparent among ER nurses in Jordan.
Coping and empathy are important predictors of secondary traumatic stress among emergency nurses.
Nurses who reported higher level of secondary traumatic stress symptoms tended to have more work‐related absenteeism and more sick days.
The implications of this paper:
There is a need to raise awareness of both nurses and health care leaders to existence of secondary traumatic stress among emergency nurses and to establish screening tools and referral procedures for risky nurses.
Theory of secondary traumatic stress has to be revised to provide more robust view about the process by which secondary traumatic stress develops among helping professionals.
Future studies have to examine factors that may contribute to secondary traumatic stress other than factors addressed in previous studies.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
The Perceived Stress Scale has been designed to measure the degree to which situations in a person's life are perceived as stressful.
The paper describes the development of an Arabic version of the ...Perceived Stress Scale.
A translation process with cross-cultural considerations was employed to produce an Arabic version of the Perceived Stress Scale.
Participants were asked to complete the Arabic version Perceived Stress Scale twice in their homes.
The Jordanian study population for the Arabic version Perceived Stress Scale validation consisted of 126 volunteers (74 male, 52 female). Ninety participants completed the scale twice (55 male, 35 female), of whom 58 were high schools teachers and 32 technical workers. Arabic was the first language of all participants and all gave informed consent.
The Arabic version Perceived Stress Scale reliability and validity were evaluated. Prior to an exploratory factor analysis, the suitability of data for factor analysis was assessed with acceptable results. The exploratory factor analysis showed two factors with eigenvalues greater than 1.0 (45.0% of variance). The Cronbach's alpha coefficients were 0.74 (Factor 1), 0.77 (Factor 2) and 0.80 for the Arabic version Perceived Stress Scale overall. The test–retest reliability had an intra-correlation coefficient of 0.90.
The Arabic version Perceived Stress Scale showed an adequate reliability and validity. Therefore, the Arabic Perceived Stress Scale is considered a suitable instrument to assess perceived stress in Arabic people.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
This study aimed to examine the prevalence and predictors of depression and anxiety among senior high school students in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study used an anonymous online survey ...that targeted senior high school students in Jordan. Almost two thirds of students reported depressive symptoms and anxiety. Father’s level of education, mothers’ level of education, perceived difficulties in online education, gender, and age were significant predictors of depression, while father’s level of education, difficulties in online education, gender, and age were significant predictors of anxiety (p < .05). Among those identified as having depression, 30.7% were male and 50.7% were female. The prevalence of anxiety among students was high, and the prevalence of anxiety in females (46.9%) is greater than males (27.6%). School health nurses and mental health counselors at schools need to emphasize the mental health and psychosocial support needs for senior high school students.
Full text
Available for:
NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Background
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is particularly a female psychological disorder that has consequences on female students' behavior, cognitive abilities, mental health status, and ...academic performance.
Purpose
To examine the prevalence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and PMDD, and their relationship with academic performance among female university students in Jordan.
Method
Prospective–correlational design was employed among 858 university students. Data collected in regards to daily record of signs of PMDD and PMS, academic motivation, and student's involvement.
Results
Prevalence of PMS was 92.3% and that of PMDD was 7.7%. There were significant differences in self‐determination levels between students with PMS and those with PMDD.
Conclusion
PMDD symptoms have a negative impact on female students' academic performance; thus, mental health professionals have a major role in determining factors that buffer severity of PMDD among females.
Full text
Available for:
DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Palliative care focuses on the ability of medical students to use their expanded experiences and knowledge; however, basic medical education does not provide adequate knowledge and skills regarding ...palliative and end-of-life care. This study designed to examine knowledge related to palliative care and attitudes toward dying people among medical students in Jordan.
Cross-sectional, descriptive design was used in this study. A total of 404 medical students were recruited using convenience sampling techniques from six medical programs. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire in relation to knowledge and attitudes regarding palliative care and dying persons using Palliative Care Assessment Knowledge (PCAK) and Frommelt Attitudes toward Care of the Dying Scale Form B (FATCOD-B).
Medical students have a moderate level of knowledge related to palliative care in (PCAK) part1 subscale about; pain managing (n = 156, 38.6 %), managing other palliative care symptoms (n = 164, 40.6 %), and in witnesses' family counseling and breaking bad news discussion (n = 178, 44.1 %). However, medical students have inadequate knowledge concerning the palliative care in part-2of the scale. Furthermore, students have positive attitudes towards caring for dying patients with mean score of 108.76 (SD = 8.05). The highest ranked attitude subscales were; Fairs/Malaise (M = 29.03, SD = 4.28), Communication (M = 21.39, SD = 2.51) and Relationship (M = 18.31, SD = 1.55). There was a significant difference in attitudes in relation to gender (t = -5.14, p < 0.001) with higher female mean score (M = 109.97) than males (M = 105.47). Also significant difference found among those who are exposed to Palliative Care and those who are not (t = -6.33, p < 0.001) with higher mean score of those exposed to palliative acre courses (M=298) than those who did not (M=106).
Improving knowledge and attitudes of medical students regarding palliative and end of life care should be highlighted to medical educators and medical schools need to incorporate palliative and end-of-life care into medical curricula across all levels.
Full text
Available for:
IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Suicidal thoughts and behaviours (STBs) are significant public health challenges that affect a variety of individuals and communities. Despite numerous efforts to discover and refine psychotherapy ...treatments to minimize STBs, the efficacy of STB treatments remains unclear.
Conduct a scoping review to assess the efficacy of using psychotherapy treatments to minimize STBs among individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD).
A scoping review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines (PRISMA-ScR) to screen 163 studies published between 2010 and 2021.
A total of seven articles that fulfil the eligibility criteria reported that psychotherapy treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder were found to be effective and applicable approaches to minimize the severity of the OCD symptoms and STBs, despite variance in studies' target samples, types of interventions, periods and indicators.
The current review has provided evidence showing the significant effects of psychotherapy treatments on various health-related aspects of life for individuals diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, and it is recommended to use them for enhancing treatment outcomes and minimizing STBs.
This scoping review verifies the formalization and incorporation of psychotherapy treatments for OCD to minimize STBs into standard practice and highlights the importance of mental health professionals being part of the implementation of these treatments.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
High-fidelity simulation (HFS) offers a strategy to facilitate cognitive, affective, and psychomotor outcomes and motivate the new generation of students.
The purpose of this study was to examine the ...impact of using high-fidelity simulation on the development of clinical judgment and motivation among Lebanese nursing students.
A post-test, quasi-experimental design was used.
Two private universities in Lebanon were targeted to implement the intervention.
A convenience sample of 56 nursing students from two private universities in Lebanon were recruited.
Data were collected using the Lasater Clinical Judgment Rubric and the Motivated Strategies for Learning questionnaires.
Nursing students exhibited significant improvement in clinical judgment and motivation due to exposure to HFS. There was a significant difference post HFS between the intervention group and the control group in clinical judgment intervention (t=5.23, p<0.001) and motivation for academic achievement (t=−6.71, p<0.001). The intervention group had a higher mean score of clinical judgment (29.5, SD=5.4) than the control group (22.1, SD=5.7) and, similarly, students had higher mean scores of motivation (198.6, SD=10.5) in the intervention group than in the control group (161.6, SD=20). The analysis related to differences between the intervention and control groups in motivation and clinical judgment; controlling for previous experience in health care services, the analysis showed no significant difference (Wilk's lambda =0.77, F=1.09, p=0.374).
There is a need for nursing educators to implement HFS in nursing curricula, where its integration can bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and nursing practice and enhance critical thinking and motivation among nursing students.
•HFS improved motivation for academic achievement and clinical judgment among nursing students.•HFS enhanced nursing students' ability to effectively use critical think and decision making processes.•HFS enabled safety training culture.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Background
Job demand and job satisfaction in nursing profession have been identified as significant indicators of quality of nursing care. Job demand is the most influential job stressor and has ...been connected to negative consequences on nurses' ability to function.
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of work locus of control on the relationship between job demand and job satisfaction among nurses working at public hospitals.
Methods
A quantitative, cross‐sectional, correlational design was utilized to randomly recruit 427 registered nurses working at two major public hospitals. Data were collected using a self‐administered questionnaire regarding job demand, job satisfaction and work locus of control.
Results
Work locus of control had a significant moderating effect on the relationship between job demand and satisfaction. External locus of control had a negative effect on the job demand and job satisfaction relationship, whereas internal locus of control positively buffered this correlation.
Conclusion
This study adds a novel contribution to the body of knowledge that buffering effect of job demand among nurses is much dependent on appropriately enhancing internal locus of control, consequently improving job satisfaction.
SUMMARY STATEMENT
What is already known about this topic?
Nurses' job satisfaction is associated with nurses' job demand.
Job demand is a multifaceted factor and interferes with quality of nursing care.
What this paper adds?
Enhancing locus of control will contribute to increase nurses' job satisfaction and buffer effects of job demand.
External locus of control has negative effects whereas internal locus of control has positive effects on the relationship between job demand and job satisfaction among nurses.
The domains of job demand vary in their influence on job satisfaction among nurses depending on its internal or external effect.
The implications of this paper:
Nurse managers and decision makers are required to focus largely on the external forces that influence nurses' job satisfaction.
Domains of job demand need to be addressed by nurse managers in terms of how to effectively enhance internal locus of control and suppress external locus of control factors to improve nurses' job satisfaction.
To improve quality of nursing care and practice, internal locus of control has to be sustained and external locus of control has to be managed.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Early detection of unknown adverse drug reactions (ADRs) could save patient lives and prevent unnecessary hospitalizations. Current surveillance systems are not ideal for rapidly identifying rare ...unknown ADRs. Current methods largely rely on passive spontaneous reports, which suffer from serious underreporting, latency, and inconsistent reporting. A more effective system is needed as the electronic patient records become more and more easily accessible in various health organizations such as hospitals, medical centers and insurance companies. These data provide a new source of information that has great potentials to detect ADR signals much earlier. In this paper, we have developed a methodology that uses both decision tree and fuzzy logic to generate a decision model. The developed model is equipped with a fuzzy inference engine, which enables it to find the causal relationship between a drug and a potential ADR. This could assist healthcare professionals to early detect previously unknown ADRs. Optimizing fuzzy rule weights and fuzzy sets parameters using genetic algorithm has been embedded in the proposed system to achieve excellent performance and improve the accuracy of the developed model. To evaluate the performance of the system, we have implemented the system using Weka and FuzzyJess software packages, and generated simulation results. To conduct the experiments, clinical information on 280 patients treated at the Detroit Veterans Affairs Medical Center was used. Two physicians on the team independently reviewed the experiment results. Kappa statistics show excellent agreement between the physicians and the developed model.
Suicide is a major public health concern, and university students are at higher risk of suicide than any other age group. The purpose of this study was to examine the prediction power of loneliness, ...academic anxiety, and academic procrastination on suicidality among university students. A cross-sectional, correlational design was used to recruit 403 university students using the electronic survey format in Jordan. Data were collected regarding loneliness, academic anxiety, academic procrastination, and suicidality. A two-step multiple hierarchical regression analysis was performed. Only 17.1% (n = 69) of students were at risk of suicide, low to moderate level of loneliness, moderate level and moderate to high level of academic procrastination of academic anxiety. The model that included the sociodemographic and the psychological factors was significant (F
= 12.3, p < 0.001) where the total variance in suicidality was 37.3% (R
= 0.373). Being a working student, being on psychotropic medication, romantic and family relationships domains of loneliness, and academic anxiety were found to be predictors of suicidality (p < 0.05). Suicide is a significant problem among university students. Mental health professionals and policymakers need to enhance the use and access to mental health services and seek psychological counselling to combat the increasingly observed phenomenon of suicide among young people.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
PDF
