Multi-GeV electron beams with energy up to 4.2 GeV, 6% rms energy spread, 6 pC charge, and 0.3 mrad rms divergence have been produced from a 9-cm-long capillary discharge waveguide with a plasma ...density of ≈7×10¹⁷ cm⁻³, powered by laser pulses with peak power up to 0.3 PW. Preformed plasma waveguides allow the use of lower laser power compared to unguided plasma structures to achieve the same electron beam energy. A detailed comparison between experiment and simulation indicates the sensitivity in this regime of the guiding and acceleration in the plasma structure to input intensity, density, and near-field laser mode profile.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Growing evidence suggests that the gut microbiome (GM) plays a critical role in health and disease. However, the contribution of GM to psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety, remains unclear. We ...used the Collaborative Cross (CC) mouse population-based model to identify anxiety associated host genetic and GM factors. Anxiety-like behavior of 445 mice across 30 CC strains was measured using the light/dark box assay and documented by video. A custom tracking system was developed to quantify seven anxiety-related phenotypes based on video. Mice were assigned to a low or high anxiety group by consensus clustering using seven anxiety-related phenotypes. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) identified 141 genes (264 SNPs) significantly enriched for anxiety and depression related functions. In the same CC cohort, we measured GM composition and identified five families that differ between high and low anxiety mice. Anxiety level was predicted with 79% accuracy and an AUC of 0.81. Mediation analyses revealed that the genetic contribution to anxiety was partially mediated by the GM. Our findings indicate that GM partially mediates and coordinates the effects of genetics on anxiety.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Sex controls have been performed in some farmed fish species because of significant growth differences between females and males. In yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco), adult males are three ...times larger than female adults. In this study, six Y- and X-linked amplified fragment length polymorphism fragments were screened by sex-genotype pool bulked segregant analysis and individual screening. Interestingly, sequence analysis identified two pairs of allelic genes, Pf33 and Pf62. Furthermore, the cloned flanking sequences revealed several Y- and X-specific polymorphisms, and four Y-linked or X-linked sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) primer pairs were designed and converted into Y- and X-linked SCAR markers. Consequently, these markers were successfully used to identify genetic sex and YY super-males, and applied to all-male population production. Thus, we developed a novel and simple technique to help commercial production of YY super-males and all-male populations in the yellow catfish.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
All planetary materials sampled thus far vary in their relative abundance of the major isotope of oxygen, 16 O, such that it has not been possible to define a primordial solar system composition. We ...measured the oxygen isotopic composition of solar wind captured and returned to Earth by NASA's Genesis mission. Our results demonstrate that the Sun is highly enriched in 16 O relative to the Earth, Moon, Mars, and bulk meteorites. Because the solar photosphere preserves the average isotopic composition of the solar system for elements heavier than lithium, we conclude that essentially all rocky materials in the inner solar system were enriched in 17 O and 18 O, relative to 16 O, by ∼7%, probably via non—mass-dependent chemistry before accretion of the first planetesimals.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Large amount of waste heat is dissipated in industries, resulting in energy waste and environment pollution. Waste heat recovery with absorption heat pump is one of the attractive solutions. In this ...paper, we present the theoretical study and test of a power plant waste heat recovery system with large scale LiBr-water absorption heat pumps for district heating. Waste heat from steam condenser with temperature of ∼35 °C is recovered by the absorption heat pumps driven by steam with pressure of ∼0.25 MPa from the turbine. Heat output from the absorption heat pumps is used to preheat the return water of district heating network from ∼45 °C to ∼80 °C. The return water is further heated by the steam to ∼105 °C for heating supply. Large temperature lift of the return water is achieved by the serial absorption heat pumps. Theoretical analysis of the system is presented, showing advantages compared to the conventional absorption heat pump and original heating supply system. On-site test showed that COP of 1.77 and heating capacity of 63.57 MW were achieved by one serial absorption heat pump, with waste heat inlet/outlet temperature of 34.63/28.33 °C and return water inlet/outlet temperature of 45.94/81.34 °C.
•District heating system in power plant is improved by waste heat recovery.•Serial absorption heat pumps are used for large output temperature lift.•Theoretical study and on-site test are carried out.•COP of 1.77 and heat output of 63.57 MW are achieved by one absorption heat pump.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Recent theoretical and experimental studies have produced several unusual and interesting results on dense lithium, the first metal in the periodic table. These include the deviation from simple ...metal behaviour, superconductivity at 17 K, and a metal to semiconductor transition. Despite these efforts, at present there is no agreement on the location of the high-pressure solid phases and melting curve of Li, and there is no clear picture of its phase diagram above 50 GPa (refs 4, 5, 6, 7). Using powder and single-crystal high-pressure diffraction techniques, we have mapped out the lithium phase diagram up to 130 GPa over a wide temperature range between 77 and 300 K. Whereas the melting temperatures of materials usually rise under pressure, and even the lightest condensed gases, hydrogen and helium, melt at temperatures of the order of 103 K at 50 GPa (refs 8, 9), we find that at these pressures lithium remains a liquid at temperatures as low as 190 K, by far the lowest melting temperature observed for any material at such pressure. We also find that in its solid state above 60 GPa, lithium adopts three novel and complex crystal structures not previously observed in any element. Estimates of the zero-point energy suggest that quantum effects play a significant role in shaping the lithium phase diagram.
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IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Silicon dioxide is one of the most abundant natural compounds. Polymorphs of SiO₂ and their phase transitions have long been a focus of great interest and intense theoretical and experimental ...pursuits. Here, compressing single-crystal coesite SiO₂ under hydrostatic pressures of 26-53 GPa at room temperature, we discover a new polymorphic phase transition mechanism of coesite to post-stishovite, by means of single-crystal synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiment and first-principles computational modelling. The transition features the formation of multiple previously unknown triclinic phases of SiO₂ on the transition pathway as structural intermediates. Coexistence of the low-symmetry phases results in extensive splitting of the original coesite X-ray diffraction peaks that appear as dramatic peak broadening and weakening, resembling an amorphous material. This work sheds light on the long-debated pressure-induced amorphization phenomenon of SiO₂, but also provides new insights into the densification mechanism of tetrahedrally bonded structures common in nature.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP).
We conducted a computer literature search in five databases and ...comprehensively extracted all kinds of information from each article. Traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system (TCMISS) V2.5 was adopted to perform association analysis. The effectiveness, safety and methodological quality were analyzed using randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs).
A total of 2880 related articles were collected. Finally, 423 articles which included 312 RCTs were included for in-depth analysis. We collected 369 Chinese medicine prescriptions and found that the top three frequently used herbs in the treatment of PMOP were Epimedii Folium (Yinyanghuo), Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata (Shudihuang) and Angelicae Sinensis Radix (Danggui). The top Chinese patent medicine was Gushukang capsule. No serious adverse reaction (AR) had been reported in the Chinese medical treatment group.
The effectiveness of TCM in treating PMOP needs to be further explored, and the safety is good. Therefore, high-quality evidence is urgently needed to supplement.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematological malignancy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing T cells have been demonstrated successfully in the clinic to treat B-lymphoid malignancies. ...However, the potential utility of antigen-specific CAR-engineered natural-killer (NK) cells to treat MM has not been explored. In this study, we determined whether CS1, a surface protein that is highly expressed on MM cells, can be targeted by CAR NK cells to treat MM. We successfully generated a viral construct of a CS1-specific CAR and expressed it in human NK cells. In vitro, CS1-CAR NK cells displayed enhanced MM cytolysis and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production, and showed a specific CS1-dependent recognition of MM cells. Ex vivo, CS1-CAR NK cells also showed similarly enhanced activities when responding to primary MM tumor cells. More importantly, in an aggressive orthotopic MM xenograft mouse model, adoptive transfer of NK-92 cells expressing CS1-CAR efficiently suppressed the growth of human IM9 MM cells and also significantly prolonged mouse survival. Thus, CS1 represents a viable target for CAR-expressing immune cells, and autologous or allogeneic transplantation of CS1-specific CAR NK cells may be a promising strategy to treat MM.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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