Abstract
The paper describes the development of the Urban Water Supply System (UWSS) for Split (Croatia) in the second half of the 19th century. The selected concept of the water supply system was ...entirely based on the system of Emperor Diocletian's Palace from 305 AD, which has not been in operation since the 7th century. The research is based on the analysis of historical data and the actual state of the water supply system of Split. The study provides a clearer insight into the process of choosing the optimum concept of water supply system, the operational characteristics of Diocletian's system and the restored UWSS. The sustainability of both the Roman UWSS and the 1880 system, which has a significant part of the aqueduct still in use today, have been confirmed. It is an example of a zero-carbon water supply system running entirely on renewable energy: gravity.
From 2014 until 2018, at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy of the University of Split, the project “Roman Water Systems of Salona and the Diocletian’s Palace and their Impact ...on the Sustainability of the Urban Environment” was carried out by an interdisciplinary team of archaeologists, architects and civil engineers. All archival sources, published papers and unpublished reports of archaeological excavations were gathered and analysed, and led to new conclusions on the Roman urban water systems of Salona and the Palace. This paper presents some of these very recent results regarding the water supply and sewage system of Diocletians Palace in Split. Notably, the aqueduct leading to the Diocletian’s Palace has been well preserved (since at the end of the 19th century it was reconstructed, with more than half of its route still used for the water supply of the city of Split). Within the Palace itself, a great part of the sewage system was equally well preserved and allows that its original structure and features may be reconstructed. Both, the aqueduct as well as the sewage system give an excellent insight in the planning and execution of Roman urban water systems. Surprisingly, its planned approach, parameters, conception as well as specific solutions and details are much in accordance with the nowadays standard practice of water engineering, that has not changed siginificantly.
U trogirskom predgrađu na Čiovu u razdoblju od 16. do 18. stoljeća građanske, uglavnom trgovačke i zanatlijske, te plemićke obitelji podižu stambene sklopove uz obalu, na nasipu u moru i time ...postupno formiraju gotovo pravilnu priobalnu urbanističku shemu predgrađa. U ovom radu obrađuje se tijek formiranja predgrađa te vremenski i društveni okvir u kojem nastaju sklopovi. Nastoji se potom prepoznati njihove glavne elemente (perimetralni zidovi, rezidencija, dvorište, cisterna i vrt) te se, u najkraćim crtama, opisuju svi dosad prepoznati stambeni sklopovi. U okviru mogućnosti analizira se i njihova arhitektonska dekoracija. Cilj ovog rada je upozoriti stručnu i širu javnost na postojanje vrijednih sklopova u trogirskom predgrađu koji zaslužuju sustavno istraživanje, valorizaciju i zaštitu.
In 1203, the Venetians built a fort on the island of Ugljan, above the town of Preko, opposite to the city of Zadar, so as to prevent reconstruction of the city demolished by the Crusaders. Based on ...scientific analysis of published papers, historical sources, and traces visible on the structure, the authors reveal new findings about the construction and transformation of St. Michael’s Fort, while also presenting spatial reconstructions of the fort in characteristic historical phases.
In 1203, the Venetians built a fort on the island of Ugljan, above the town of Preko, opposite to the city of Zadar, so as to prevent reconstruction of the city demolished by the Crusaders. Based on ...scientific analysis of published papers, historical sources, and traces visible on the structure, the authors reveal new findings about the construction and transformation of St. Michael’s Fort, while also presenting spatial reconstructions of the fort in characteristic historical phases.
Mlečani su 1203. godine izgradili kaštel na otoku Ugljanu, iznad Preka, točno nasuprot Zadru kako bi osujetili obnovu grada porušenog u križarskom razaranju. Na temelju znanstvene obrade do sada ...objavljenih radova, povijesnih izvora i tragova na samoj građevini autori iznose nove spoznaje o izgradnji i preobrazbi kaštela sv. Mihovila i daju prostorne rekonstrukcije u karakterističnim povijesnim fazama.
Diocletian's palace, built at the beginning of the 4th. century, is the best preserved Late Roman palace in the world. The Palace, as all urbanized spaces, had its water supply and sewerage and, as ...an imperial building, the best one. All the former knowledge and findings of the sewage system, inside and outside of the Palace and new conclusions on project and realisation of this important, detaily planned and built roman infrastructural facilty are gathered in this article.
Rad donosi rezultate arheoloških istraživanja provedenih jugozapadno od Kaštilca u Kaštel Sućurcu, gdje su 2013. i 2017. istraženi ostatci crkava sv. Luke iz 16. st. i sv. Jurja iz 17. st. Tim je ...istraživanjima precizno definiran položaj i tlocrt građevina, što je omogućilo njihovu prezentaciju u popločanju. Zajedno s crkvama istražen je i prezentiran zapadni zid utvrđenog naselja Nadbiskupskog kaštela iz 1509. s ulaznim vratima naselja.
Interijeri reprezentativnih građevina unutar Dioklecijanove palače bili su bogato ukrašeni mozaicima, freskama i mramornim oblogama. Od mramornih obloga do danas su se sačuvali samo manji ulomci i to ...uglavnom u arheološkim slojevima u južnoj polovini Palače: u carevom stanu i u kupatilima.
Jedina obloga koja se velikim dijelom sačuvala in situ jest pod careva mauzoleja.
Prema vizualnim analizama materijala od kojih su obloge izrađene, može se prepoznati nekoliko vrsta bijelog mramora i više od 20 različitih vrsta obojenih mramora. Prema obliku razlikujemo vijence, profilirane ploče, razdjelne ploče i ploče raznih debljina u obliku trokuta, kvadrata, romba, trapeza, deltoida i složenih formi.
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