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•Soil carbon stocks along a mangrove chronosequence (3–48yrs old) were studied.•Thickness of the pedogenetic layer increased toward a maximum asymptote of ∼45cm.•Along the ...chronosequence, OC stocks in soils increased from 4 to 107MgOCha−1.•Carbon burial rates ranged between 0.72 and 4.77MgOCha−1yr−1.•Age and position of the stand in the intertidal zone influenced OC accumulation.
Mangroves provide a range of important ecosystem services, notably being efficient blue carbon sinks. In addition to their CO2 fixing ability, these coastal tropical forests can store large amount of carbon in their soils due to waterlogging inducing slow rates of organic matter (OM) decomposition. The French Guiana coastline is a highly dynamic environment, characterized by a series of migrating mudbanks. Within this specific sedimentological context, only A. germinans propagules can develop at the highest elevation of mudbanks that are stabilized only for a few decades before being eroded. As a result, a clear zonation pattern, with mangrove stands of different ages paralleling the shoreline, allows the study at the same time of A. germinans forests from pioneer to mature and senescent stands. The unique characteristic of this system is the isolation of the older mangroves from the sea, being situated more than 2kmfrom the shoreline, which limits sedimentation and allochthonous inputs. Within the studied chronosequence, soil carbon stocks and carbon burial rates of each mangrove stand were determined. The thickness of the pedogenetic layer, enriched in autochthonous OM, reached an asymptote (∼45cm) for the mixed mature and senescent forests (>40yearsold), probably as a result of the asymptote reached by the net primary productivity (NPP) and low sedimentation rates. The organic carbon stock in the pedogenetic layers increased linearly with forest age, from 4 to 107MgOCha−1 in pioneer and senescent stages, respectively. Consequently, considering only the pedogenetic layers, enriched with the OM derived from the current forest, soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks are limited. It is suggested that tidal export of the NPP may balance low mineralization rates induced by waterlogging, at least for the stand the closest to the sea. The mean carbon burial rate for this system was 2.3MgOCha−1yr−1, with values ranging from 0.72 to 4.86MgOCha−1yr−1 depending on forest age and position of the stand in the tidal zone. The latter, either promoting tidal flushing and tidal pumping on the seaward side of the mangrove, or the development of associated mangrove species on the landward side due to freshwater proximity and low sedimentation rates, influenced organic accumulation in soils.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Ce témoignage de pratique décrit la genèse d’un projet d’espace physiologique en CHU conformément au souhait de couples de plus en plus nombreux. Un groupe de réflexion sur deux ans rassemblant ...toutes les catégories professionnelles a précédé l’ouverture en 2013 dans une dynamique de service. L’objectif était de lutter contre la banalisation d’une médicalisation non justifiée pour toutes les naissances. Les conditions de préparation et de surveillance des accouchements sont décrites. Sur six ans, en moyenne 250 couples par an sur 3 700 naissances, soit 8 %, ont bénéficié du cadre proposé. Les effets sur l’état d’esprit global des salles de naissance sont positifs : respect de la physiologie, qualité de l’accompagnement qui à son tour permet de repérer d’éventuelles fragilités. Le témoignage d’une sage-femme exerçant dans le secteur de grossesse à risque et dans l’espace physiologique met en lumière la formation conséquente et les outils de la rigueur nécessaire.
Introduction
En France, 6,9 millions d’adultes sont obèses et le recours à la chirurgie bariatrique est en augmentation. L’évaluation psychiatrique est obligatoire 1 et il peut exister, nous ...semble-t-il, un biais de « non divulgation » 3 de symptômes dans le but d’obtenir « l’accord du psychiatre ». L’objectif principal de cette étude est de savoir s’il est utile de proposer des tests psychométriques en consultation psychiatrique préopératoire de chirurgie bariatrique en aide à la détection de comorbidités psychiatriques, et permettre ainsi l’amélioration de la prise en charge.
Methods
Étude monocentrique, anonyme, non interventionnelle visant à améliorer la prise en charge des patients candidats à la chirurgie bariatrique. Réalisée entre mars et octobre 2012. Inclusions des patients en deux temps : un premier temps avec un entretien clinique ouvert, un deuxième temps avec un entretien clinique structuré (MINI 5.0.0.).
Résultats
Vingt-huit patients inclus. La moyenne d’âge est de 37,2 ans, l’IMC moyen est de 43,2 kg/m
2
. Parmi les patients, 60,7 % présentaient au moins un trouble actuel ou passé au MINI contre 32,1 % en entretien clinique ouvert. Le MINI n’est pas significativement plus sensible que l’entretien clinique structuré pour la détection de l’ensemble des comorbidités psychiatriques (
p
= 0,2), par contre il est significativement plus sensible pour la détection des troubles anxieux (
p
= 0,02).
Conclusion
Prévalence d’au moins un trouble actuel ou passé proche des taux de la littérature scientifique 2 pour le MINI. Pour aider à la détection des comorbidités psychiatriques, en diminuant ce biais de « non divulgation », nous proposons un nouvel auto-questionnaire.
Because of their physico-chemical inherent properties, mangrove sediments may act as a sink for pollutants coming from catchments. The main objective of this study was to assess the distribution of ...some trace metals in the tissues of various mangrove plants developing downstream highly weathered ferralsols, taking into account metals partitioning in the sediment. In New Caledonia, mangroves act as a buffer between open-cast mines and the world's largest lagoon. As a result of the erosion of lateritic soils, Ni and Fe concentrations in the sediment were substantially higher than the world average. Whatever the mangrove stand and despite low bioaccumulation and translocations factors, Fe and Ni were also the most abundant metals in the different plant tissues. This low bioaccumulation may be explained by: i) the low availability of metals, which were mainly present in the form of oxides or sulfur minerals, and ii) the root systems acting as barriers towards the transfer of metals to the plant. Conversely, Cu and Zn metals had a greater mobility in the plant, and were characterized by high bioconcentration and translocation factors compared to the other metals. Cu and Zn were also more mobile in the sediment as a result of their association with organic matter. Whatever the metal, a strong decrease of trace metal stock was observed from the landside to the seaside of the mangrove, probably as a result of the increased reactivity of the sediment due to OM enrichment. This reactivity lead to higher dissolution of bearing phases, and thus to the export of dissolved trace metals trough the tidal action. Cu and Zn were the less concerned by the phenomenon probably as a result of higher plant uptake and their restitution to the sediment with litter fall in stands where tidal flushing is limited.
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•Unusual high concentrations of Fe and Ni were measured in mangrove tissues.•Bioconcentration and translocation factors of Fe, Ni, Co and Mn were low.•Low bioavailability can result from metal association with refractory bearing phase.•Cu and Zn have greater mobility in mangrove sediments and plants.•Metals stocks decreased towards the sea as a result of more reactive substrate.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Mangroves of New Caledonia act as a buffer between a lagoon of more than 20,000
km
2 and the Island, which suffers intense processes of erosion resulting from urbanization and natural resources ...exploitation. This preliminary study aims at determining how heavy metals are distributed in mangrove sediments and pore-waters in relationship with their organic content. To reach our goal, a series of 50-cm deep cores were collected in the mangrove of Conception Bay. The various coring sites are representative of live forests (
Avicennia marina,
Rhizophora stylosa), dead forest, and intertidal unvegetated area. The ranges of concentrations in sediments were the following (μmol
g
−1): Cu (0.08 to 0.51), Co (0.01 to 0.38), Ni (0.03 to 3.55), Cr (0.36 to 3.11), Zn (0.68 to 2.36), Mn (1.13 to 5.0) and Fe (22.64 to 721.69). Heavy metals distribution within sediments and pore-water appear to result from diagenetic processes linked to OM decomposition. Beneath the dead
Avicennia forest and in the
unvegetated sediments, the higher the organic content, the higher the metal concentration in the solid phase. Beneath living mangrove stands, despite a higher organic content, as well as higher sulphur content, heavy metals concentrations were not higher than those measured in the other sampling sites. Beneath these forests, redox conditions were mainly controlled by the length of waterlogging and the activity of root system. We suggest that, because of the specificity of the
Avicennia root system and its position in the intertidal zone, heavy metals are more bioavailable and potentially more mobile than beneath
Rhizophora stand.
►Organic content is higher beneath
Rhizophora than beneath
Avicennia. ►Organic sources differ beneath the two species. ►Redox conditions are mainly controlled by length of waterlogging and root activity. ►Metals distribution results from diagenetic processes linked to OM decomposition. ►Heavy metals are more potentially more mobile beneath
Avicennia than
Rhizophora.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Mangroves are the major ecosystems of tropical and subtropical coastlines. They are considered as a sink for atmospheric CO2 because they are characterized both by high net primary production, and by ...low rates of organic matter decomposition. However, a recent reassessment of the global mangrove budget suggests that organic carbon sinks have been underestimated, notably CO2 efflux from sediments and creek waters, and tidal export of dissolved inorganic carbon. Our objective was to understand the influence of mangrove zonation on the magnitude of CO2 fluxes at the sediment–air interface. Transparent and opaque dynamic closed chamber systems, coupled with an infra-red gas analyzer were used to measure CO2 fluxes. In addition, the physico-chemical properties (salinity, redox potential) of pore waters were determined, as well as the carbon content and the origin of surface sediments (Chlorophyll-a and δ13C). Depending on the type of measurement (in the dark with or without biofilm, in the light with biofilm) and mangrove stand (saltflat, Avicennia sp., or Rhizophora spp.), mean surface sediment CO2 fluxes ranged between 40±56 and 199±95mmol·m−2·d−1. We suggest that these differences mainly result both from the organic content and the redox conditions of the sediments, which are influenced by the physiological activities of the root system, and by the position and the elevation of the stand in the intertidal zone. In addition, the quality and abundance of biofilm, which also vary with the mangrove stand, also appear to strongly affect sediment CO2 fluxes as a result of chemical (metabolism) and also physical (barrier) processes.
•In situ CO2 fluxes at the sediment–air interface varied between mangrove stand.•CO2 flux magnitude depends on sediment organic contents and decomposition pathways.•Sediment characteristics partly result from the intertidal location of the stand.•The microphytobenthos may be a crucial player of mangrove carbon cycling.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Human neural progenitors derived from pluripotent stem cells develop into electrophysiologically active neurons at heterogeneous rates, which can confound disease-relevant discoveries in neurology ...and psychiatry. By combining patch clamping, morphological and transcriptome analysis on single-human neurons in vitro, we defined a continuum of poor to highly functional electrophysiological states of differentiated neurons. The strong correlations between action potentials, synaptic activity, dendritic complexity and gene expression highlight the importance of methods for isolating functionally comparable neurons for in vitro investigations of brain disorders. Although whole-cell electrophysiology is the gold standard for functional evaluation, it often lacks the scalability required for disease modeling studies. Here, we demonstrate a multimodal machine-learning strategy to identify new molecular features that predict the physiological states of single neurons, independently of the time spent in vitro. As further proof of concept, we selected one of the potential neurophysiological biomarkers identified in this study-GDAP1L1-to isolate highly functional live human neurons in vitro.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The free radical nitric oxide (NO) and derivative reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play essential roles in cellular redox regulation mainly through protein S-nitrosylation, a redox post-translational ...modification in which specific cysteines are converted to nitrosothiols.
This review aims to discuss the current state of knowledge, as well as future perspectives, regarding protein S-nitrosylation in photosynthetic organisms.
NO, synthesized by plants from different sources (nitrite, arginine), provides directly or indirectly the nitroso moiety of nitrosothiols. Biosynthesis, reactivity and scavenging systems of NO/RNS, determine the NO-based signaling including the rate of protein nitrosylation. Denitrosylation reactions compete with nitrosylation in setting the levels of nitrosylated proteins in vivo.
Based on a combination of proteomic, biochemical and genetic approaches, protein nitrosylation is emerging as a pervasive player in cell signaling networks. Specificity of protein nitrosylation and integration among different post-translational modifications are among the major challenges for future experimental studies in the redox biology field. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics — a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
•NO/RNS activity in vivo depends on biosynthesis, reactivity and scavenging systems.•NO is a radical, as such it chiefly reacts with other radicals and transition metals.•NO/RNS promote nitrosothiol formation in selected protein cysteines.•Nitrosylation vs. denitrosylation reactions set the levels of nitrosothiols in vivo.•Proteomic techniques show the pervasivity of protein nitrosylation in phototrophs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
A World without Mangroves? Duke, N. C.; Meynecke, J.-O.; Dittmann, S. ...
Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science),
07/2007, Volume:
317, Issue:
5834
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aims
The aim of this study was to report patient and clinical outcomes following robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RA-TKA) at multiple institutions with a minimum two-year follow-up.
Methods
...This was a multicentre registry study from October 2016 to June 2021 that included 861 primary RA-TKA patients who completed at least one pre- and postoperative patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) questionnaire, including Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcomes Score for Joint Replacement (KOOS JR), and pain out of 100 points. The mean age was 67 years (35 to 86), 452 were male (53%), mean BMI was 31.5 kg/m
2
(19 to 58), and 553 (64%) cemented and 308 (36%) cementless implants.
Results
There were significant improvements in PROMs over time between preoperative, one- to two-year, and > two-year follow-up, with a mean FJS of 17.5 (SD 18.2), 70.2 (SD 27.8), and 76.7 (SD 25.8; p < 0.001); mean KOOS JR of 51.6 (SD 11.5), 85.1 (SD 13.8), and 87.9 (SD 13.0; p < 0.001); and mean pain scores of 65.7 (SD 20.4), 13.0 (SD 19.1), and 11.3 (SD 19.9; p < 0.001), respectively. There were eight superficial infections (0.9%) and four revisions (0.5%).
Conclusion
RA-TKA demonstrated consistent clinical results across multiple institutions with excellent PROMs that continued to improve over time. With the ability to achieve target alignment in the coronal, axial, and sagittal planes and provide intraoperative real-time data to obtain balanced gaps, RA-TKA demonstrated excellent clinical outcomes and PROMs in this patient population. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(7):589–595.
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