Plant cell cultures have emerged as a promising tool for producing active molecules due to their numerous advantages over traditional agricultural methods. Flavonols, and anthocyanin pigments in ...particular, together with other phenolic compounds such as chlorogenic acid, are known for their beneficial health properties, mainly due to their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities. The synthesis of these molecules is finely regulated in plant cells and controlled at the transcriptional level by specific MYB and bHLH transcription factors that coordinate the transcription of structural biosynthetic genes. The co-expression of peach
and
in tobacco was used to develop tobacco cell lines showing high expression of both the peach transgenes and the native flavonol structural genes. These cell lines were further selected for fast growth. High production levels of chlorogenic acid, anthocyanins (mainly cyanidin 3-rutinoside), and other phenolics were also achieved in pre-industrial scale-up trials. A single-column-based purification protocol was developed to produce a lyophile called ANT-CA, which was stable over time, showed beneficial effects on cell viability, and had antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and wound-healing activities. This lyophile could be a valuable ingredient for food or cosmetic applications.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this work, we demonstrate the two-photon fluorescence of covellite-phase copper sulfide nanodisks and investigate the role of the surface plasmon resonance on emission. Using selenium doping, we ...blue-shift the plasmon resonance toward the two-photon absorption edge. We observed a 3-fold enhancement of emission in these samples and report two-photon action cross sections that are an order of magnitude greater than conventional fluorophores. These nanomaterials offer a novel “all-in-one” platform for engineering plasmon–exciton coupling in the absence of a physical or chemical interface.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
The COVID-19 pandemic and consequent physical distancing has made it difficult to provide care for those with Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD). As a secondary analysis of a clinical trial, the ...aim of this study was to explore potential mechanisms through which three online-delivered approaches, added to treatment as usual, improve depressive symptoms in TRD patients.
The three approaches included (a) Minimal Lifestyle Intervention (MLI), (b) Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT), and (c) Lifestyle Modification Program (LMP). Sixty-six participants with TRD completed assessments pre-post intervention (mindfulness skills FFMQ; self-compassion SCS; and experiential avoidance AAQ-II) and pre-intervention to follow-up (depressive symptoms BDI-II). Data were analyzed using within-subjects regression models to test mediation.
Mindfulness skills mediated the effect of MBCT on depressive symptoms (
= -4.69, 95% CI = -12.93 to-0.32), whereas the lack of experiential avoidance mediated the effect of LMP on depressive symptoms (
= -3.22, 95% CI = -7.03 to-0.14).
Strengthening mindfulness skills and decreasing experiential avoidance may promote recovery in patients with TRD, MBCT, and LMP have demonstrated that they may help increase mindfulness skills and decrease experiential avoidance, respectively. Future work will need to unpick the components of these interventions to help isolate active ingredients and increase optimization.
A complex interplay between the crystal structure and the electron behavior within borophene renders this material an intriguing 2D system, with many of its electronic properties still undiscovered. ...Experimental insight into those properties is additionally hampered by the limited capabilities of the established synthesis methods, which, in turn, inhibits the realization of potential borophene applications. In this multimethod study, photoemission spectroscopies and scanning probe techniques complemented by theoretical calculations have been used to investigate the electronic characteristics of a high-coverage, single-layer borophene on the Ir(111) substrate. Our results show that the binding of borophene to Ir(111) exhibits pronounced one-dimensional modulation and transforms borophene into a nanograting. The scattering of photoelectrons from this structural grating gives rise to the replication of the electronic bands. In addition, the binding modulation is reflected in the chemical reactivity of borophene and gives rise to its inhomogeneous aging effect. Such aging is easily reset by dissolving boron atoms in iridium at high temperature, followed by their reassembly into a fresh atomically thin borophene mesh. Besides proving electron-grating capabilities of the boron monolayer, our data provide comprehensive insight into the electronic properties of epitaxial borophene which is vital for further examination of other boron systems of reduced dimensionality.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
To evaluate the association between worldwide ALS incidence rates and age, using a dose-response meta-analysis. We reviewed Medline and Embase up to July 2016 and included all population-based ...studies of newly-diagnosed cases, using multiple sources for case ascertainment. A dose-response meta-analysis was performed. A meta-regression investigated potential sources of heterogeneity. Of 3254 articles identified in the literature, we included 41 incidence studies covering 42 geographical areas. Overall, the fit between observed and predicted age-specific rates was very good. The expected variation of ALS incidence with age was characterized, in each study, by a progressive increase in the incidence from the 40s leading to a peak in the 60s or 70s, followed by a sharp decrease. Cochran's Q test suggested a significant heterogeneity between studies. Overall, estimated patterns of ALS age-specific incidence (at which the peak was reached) were similar among subcontinents of Europe and North America: peak of ALS incidence ranged in these areas between 6.98 and 8.17/100,000 PYFU, which referred to age in the range 71.6-77.4 years. The relationship between age and ALS incidence appeared different for Eastern Asia which was characterized by a peak of ALS incidence at 2.20/100,000 PYFU around 75 years of age. This study confirms the consistency of the age-specific ALS incidence pattern within different subcontinents. Age-specific incidence appears lower in Eastern Asia as compared to Europe and North America.
Memoria (licenciado en ciencias jurídicas y sociales)
En la parte inicial del primer capítulo de esta memoria nos abocaremos a estudiar entre otros temas su concepto, características, tipos, ...funciones y los cambios que ha experimentado en el último siglo. También señalaremos su naturaleza jurídica y la noción que de ella entrega nuestra Constitución Política. ;
La segunda parte del primer capítulo consistirá en retratar los fundamentos y aspectos históricos de la protección familiar por la Seguridad Social, para ello haremos un breve estudio de esta rama del Derecho, seguido del análisis de los fundamentos que hacen merecedora a la familia de resguardo por parte de la Seguridad Social. Finalmente concluiremos este primer capítulo con una descripción de la evolución histórica que ha tenido tanto nuestro Régimen de Seguridad Social como las más importantes prestaciones que éste ha otorgado a la familia.;
El segundo capítulo lo dedicaremos en su totalidad a tratar las diferentes herramientas de protección familiar existentes en el Derecho de la Seguridad Social. Para esto dividiremos nuestro estudio en 5 secciones, cada una de las cuales estará dedicada al estudio de las prestaciones que los diferentes regímenes existentes en nuestro Sistema de Seguridad Social conceden a la familia. Así en la primera y segunda sección analizaremos los aspectos más relevantes del Régimen de Asignación Familiar Regular y del Régimen de Subsidio Familiar Asistencial, respectivamente, en donde se examinarán sus conceptos, características, beneficiarios, formas de obtención y de pago, entre otros puntos. La tercera y cuarta sección se concentrarán en el estudio de las prestaciones que los Regímenes de Pensiones y de la Ley de Accidentes del Trabajo y Enfermedades Profesionales, respectivamente, entregan a la familia, constituidas principalmente por la denominada Pensión de Sobrevivencia. Finalmente, la quinta sección estará dedicada a los beneficios otorgados a la institución familiar por el Régimen Público de Salud.;
El tercer y último capítulo indagará en dos de la problemáticas más significativas que enfrenta la familia moderna en el Sistema de Seguridad Social actual. Nos referimos a la equidad de género en el Sistema Previsional y al tratamiento jurídico de las uniones de hecho y sus beneficios previsionales.
Background
Following spinal cord injury (SCI), the routine use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) resulted in an incremental diagnosis of posttraumatic syringomyelia (PTS). However, facing four ...decades of preferred surgical treatment of PTS, no clear consensus on the recommended treatment exists. We review the literature on PTS regarding therapeutic strategies, outcomes, and complications.
Methods
We performed a systematic bibliographic search on (“spinal cord injuries” Mesh AND “syringomyelia” Mesh). English language literature published between 1980 and 2020 was gathered, and case reports and articles examining syrinx due to other causes were excluded. The type of study, interval injury to symptoms, severity and level of injury, therapeutic procedure, duration of follow-up, complications, and outcome were recorded.
Results
Forty-three observational studies including 1803 individuals met the eligibility criteria. The time interval from SCI to the diagnosis of PTS varied between 42 and 264 months. Eighty-nine percent of patients were treated surgically (
n
= 1605) with a complication rate of 26%. Symptoms improved in 43% of patients postoperatively and in 2% treated conservatively. Stable disease was documented in 50% of patients postoperatively and in 88% treated conservatively. The percentage of deterioration was similar (surgery 16%, 0.8% dead; conservative 10%). Detailed analysis of surgical outcome with regard to symptoms revealed that pain, motor, and sensory function could be improved in 43 to 55% of patients while motor function deteriorated in around 25%. The preferred methods of surgery were arachnoid lysis (48%) and syrinx drainage (31%).
Conclusion
Even diagnosing PTS early in its evolution with MRI, to date, no satisfactory standard treatment exists, and the present literature review shows similar outcomes, regardless of the treatment modality. Therefore, PTS remains a neurosurgical challenge. Additional research is required using appropriate study designs for improving treatment options.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Artificial 2D van der Waals heterostructures with controllable vertical stacking and rotational orientation exhibit multifaceted electronic properties that are appealing for applications in fields ...ranging from optoelectronics to energy storage. Along with transition metal dichalcogenides and graphene, borophene has recently emerged as a promising building block for 2D devices due to its conductive nature as well as its exceptional mechanical and electronic properties. Here, it is demonstrated that the combination of the dissolution‐segregation process and chemical vapor deposition allows for the synthesis of graphene/borophene heterostructures of the highest crystalline and chemical quality, in which graphene sits on top of the borophene layer with metallic character. The formation of laterally distinct micron‐sized areas allows a comparative study of borophene, graphene, and the graphene–borophene heterostack in terms of their electronic properties and stability in a reactive environment. Whereas pristine borophene is particularly prone to oxidation, the graphene–borophene heterostack is chemically inert and enables the conservation of borophene's character even after exposure to air. This study opens up new perspectives for the scalable synthesis of graphene–borophene heterostacks with enhanced ability to preserve the metallic character and electronic properties of borophene.
Heterostructures of 2D materials host peculiar electronic, magnetic, and optical properties. In this respect, graphene is often a fundamental building block in the fabrication of efficient and long‐lasting devices. Here, a novel synthesis of a twisted graphene/borophene heterostructure is presented and its enhanced ambient stability is tested, allowingthe preservation of the metallic nature of borophene.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
To assess internalizing and externalizing symptoms as risk factors for suicidal behaviour and suicide among adolescents and young adults.
Method
We conducted a systematic review of articles ...published until January 2017. We identified 26 883 potential papers; 1701 full‐text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 1479 were excluded because of methodological reasons. Diverse meta‐analyses were performed for each group of symptoms. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) or beta coefficients for categorical variables, and effect size (ES) were calculated for continuous variables.
Results
Finally, 41 studies were included, involving participants aged 12–26 years for a systematic review, and 24 articles were included for meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis showed that youths with any internalizing (ES = 0.93) or externalizing symptoms (ES = 0.76 and OR = 2.59) were more likely to attempt suicide in future. This effect was also seen in depression symptoms (OR = 6.58 and ES = 1.00), legal problems (OR = 3.36), and anxiety (ES = 0.65).
Conclusion
Reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms are predictors of suicide behaviour in young people; therefore, the detection and management of these symptoms in young populations could be a crucial strategy for preventing suicidality in this group.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Cancer cells undergo changes in metabolic and survival pathways that increase their malignancy. Isoform 2 of the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase (HK2) enhances both glucose metabolism and resistance to ...death stimuli in many neoplastic cell types. Here, we observe that HK2 locates at mitochondria‐endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact sites called MAMs (mitochondria‐associated membranes). HK2 displacement from MAMs with a selective peptide triggers mitochondrial Ca2+ overload caused by Ca2+ release from ER via inositol‐3‐phosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and by Ca2+ entry through plasma membrane. This results in Ca2+‐dependent calpain activation, mitochondrial depolarization and cell death. The HK2‐targeting peptide causes massive death of chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells freshly isolated from patients, and an actionable form of the peptide reduces growth of breast and colon cancer cells allografted in mice without noxious effects on healthy tissues. These results identify a signaling pathway primed by HK2 displacement from MAMs that can be activated as anti‐neoplastic strategy.
Synopsis
Hexokinase 2 (HK2) localizes at mitochondria‐associated membranes (MAMs) of tumor cells. A cell‐penetrating peptide (HK2pep) dislodges HK2 from MAMs, prompts IP3R opening, mitochondria Ca2+ overload, calpain activation and tumor cell death. An activatable HK2pep inhibits tumor growth in vivo.
In tumor cells, the key metabolic enzyme Hexokinase 2 (HK2) localizes at endoplasmic reticulum‐mitochondria contact sites called MAMs (mitochondria‐associated membranes).
HK2 displacement from MAMs with a cell‐penetrating peptide (HK2pep) elicits IP3R opening, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and calpain activation, rapidly killing tumor cells.
An activatable HK2pep is suitable for in vivo delivery and inhibits tumor growth without noxious effects on healthy tissues.
HK2 localizes at mitochondria‐associated membranes of tumor cells. Its displacement with a cell‐penetrating peptide prompts IP3R opening, mitochondria Ca2+ overload, calpain activation and tumor cell death.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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