•The effects of screw-pressing parameters on almond fruits using a pilot screw press were evaluated.•Seed moisture content influenced almond oil recovery and chemical quality.•Rosemary extracts ...resulted an interesting natural alternative on almond oil stabilization.
The objectives of this work were to study the combined effects of seed moisture content and pressing temperature on oil recovery and quality parameters of almond oil (AO) and to evaluate the effectiveness of natural (rosemary extract and ascorbyl palmitate) and synthetic antioxidants (TBHQ) on the oxidative stability of AO analyzing chemical changes during an accelerated thermo-oxidation assay. A factorial arrangement was conducted, in pressing experiments, in order to study the combined effects of seed moisture content (4, 6, 8, 10 and 12% (w/w)) and pressing temperature (20, 40 and 60°C) on oil recovery and quality parameters. Oil recovery increased significantly as moisture content raised. The highest oil recovery (79.3%) was obtained at 8% (w/w) seed moisture content and 40°C pressing temperature. All extraction conditions employed were compatible with an acceptable chemical oil quality.
Although in the accelerated assay of thermo-oxidation, the TBHQ became the most effective antioxidant, considering natural alternatives, rosemary extract and ascorbyl palmitate combination showed additional protective effect on the AO preservation.
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Previous literature suggests that low self-esteem is a risk factor for suicide attempts, but no meta-analyses have been conducted to assess this association in adolescents/young adults. The present ...study examined the relationship between low self-esteem and suicide attempts in young people (12-26 years old).
Meta-analyses were performed using random-effects models (ES) and odds ratio (OR). Heterogeneity and sensitivity analyses were performed.
From 26,883 initial titles, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which 9 studies had data that could be included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis showed that youths with lower self-esteem were more likely to have future suicide attempts, with an effect size (self-esteem as continuous variable) of d = .58 (95% CI = .44 - .73) and, for low self-esteem (categorical variable) an OR = 1.99 (95% CI = 1.39-2.86; p < .001).
A low level of self-esteem is a risk factor for suicide attempts in adolescents/young adults.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis based on longitudinal studies analysing mental disorders and psychiatric comorbidity on suicidal behaviour among young people.•Mental disorders ...increase the risk for suicide attempts in young people.•In particular affective disorders predicted suicide attempts in young people.•Mental disorders and comorbidity are strong predictors of suicide behavior.
Suicide is the second leading cause of death for young people. Objective: To assess mental disorders as risk factors for suicidal behaviour among adolescents and young adults including population-based longitudinal studies.
We conducted a systematic literature review. Bibliographic searches undertaken in five international databases and grey literature sources until January 2017 yielded a total of 26,883 potential papers. 1701 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility of which 1677 were excluded because they did not meet our eligibility criteria. Separate meta-analyses were conducted for each outcome (suicide death and suicide attempts). Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) and beta coefficients and standard errors were calculated.
24 studies were finally included involving 25,354 participants (12–26 years). The presence of any mental disorder was associated with higher risk of suicide death (OR = 10.83, 95%CI = 4.69–25.00) and suicide attempt (OR = 3.56; 95%CI 2.24–5.67). When considering suicidal attempt as the outcome, only affective disorders (OR = 1.54; 95%CI = 1.21–1.96) were significant. Finally, the results revealed that psychiatric comorbidity was a primary risk factor for suicide attempts.
Data were obtained from studies with heterogeneous diagnostic assessments of mental disorders. Nine case-control studies were included and some data were collected in students, not in general population.
Mental disorders and comorbidity are strong predictors of suicide behaviour in young people. Detection and management of the affective disorders as well as their psychiatric comorbidity could be a crucial strategy to prevent suicidality in this age group.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Glioblastoma is the most frequent and lethal primary brain tumor. Development of novel therapies relies on the availability of relevant preclinical models. We have established a panel of 96 ...glioblastoma patient-derived xenografts (PDX) and undertaken its genomic and phenotypic characterization.
PDXs were established from glioblastoma, IDH-wildtype (
= 93), glioblastoma, IDH-mutant (
= 2), diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant (
= 1), and both primary (
= 60) and recurrent (
= 34) tumors. Tumor growth rates, histopathology, and treatment response were characterized. Integrated molecular profiling was performed by whole-exome sequencing (WES,
= 83), RNA-sequencing (
= 68), and genome-wide methylation profiling (
= 76). WES data from 24 patient tumors was compared with derivative models.
PDXs recapitulate many key phenotypic and molecular features of patient tumors. Orthotopic PDXs show characteristic tumor morphology and invasion patterns, but largely lack microvascular proliferation and necrosis. PDXs capture common and rare molecular drivers, including alterations of
, and
, most at frequencies comparable with human glioblastoma. However,
amplification was absent. RNA-sequencing and genome-wide methylation profiling demonstrated broad representation of glioblastoma molecular subtypes.
promoter methylation correlated with increased survival in response to temozolomide. WES of 24 matched patient tumors showed preservation of most genetic driver alterations, including
amplification. However, in four patient-PDX pairs, driver alterations were gained or lost on engraftment, consistent with clonal selection.
Our PDX panel captures the molecular heterogeneity of glioblastoma and recapitulates many salient genetic and phenotypic features. All models and genomic data are openly available to investigators.
The continued increase in human populations and use of chemical fertilizers remain a threat to the health and stability of human–ecological systems worldwide. To ameliorate this problem and achieve ...long-term food security, a variety of ecofriendly technologies have been developed, including the production of cyanobacteria-based biofertilizers. This technology can be optimized through experiments that assess how plant growth is enhanced under different biofertilizer concentrations (g L−1). In this study, the biofertilizer capabilities of various concentrations of sonicated biomass (0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 g L−1) derived from the cyanobacteria Arthrospira maxima on the growth of basil (Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae) were assessed, comparing their effectiveness with that of a positive control, a commercial biofertilizer (OptiMar Algas Marinas®) administered at 4 mL L−1. Generally, increased concentrations led to enhanced growth parameters; however, discernible differences from the negative control (0 g L−1) were often observed only when concentrations exceeded 5 g L−1. Surprisingly, the negative and positive controls often yielded similar results. A chemical composition analysis of A. maxima revealed high concentrations of the phytohormones, macronutrients, and essential amino acids that likely explain how our A. maxima sample enhanced growth in basil. Further research is required to determine how other crop plants respond to different concentrations of A. maxima. Additionally, assessing the feasibility of creating an economically accessible product with a higher concentration of A. maxima is crucial for practical applications.
IMPORTANCE: Tracheal intubation is one of the most commonly performed and high-risk interventions in critically ill patients. Limited information is available on adverse peri-intubation events. ...OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the incidence and nature of adverse peri-intubation events and to assess current practice of intubation in critically ill patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The International Observational Study to Understand the Impact and Best Practices of Airway Management in Critically Ill Patients (INTUBE) study was an international, multicenter, prospective cohort study involving consecutive critically ill patients undergoing tracheal intubation in the intensive care units (ICUs), emergency departments, and wards, from October 1, 2018, to July 31, 2019 (August 28, 2019, was the final follow-up) in a convenience sample of 197 sites from 29 countries across 5 continents. EXPOSURES: Tracheal intubation. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was the incidence of major adverse peri-intubation events defined as at least 1 of the following events occurring within 30 minutes from the start of the intubation procedure: cardiovascular instability (either: systolic pressure <65 mm Hg at least once, <90 mm Hg for >30 minutes, new or increase need of vasopressors or fluid bolus >15 mL/kg), severe hypoxemia (peripheral oxygen saturation <80%) or cardiac arrest. The secondary outcomes included intensive care unit mortality. RESULTS: Of 3659 patients screened, 2964 (median age, 63 years; interquartile range IQR, 49-74 years; 62.6% men) from 197 sites across 5 continents were included. The main reason for intubation was respiratory failure in 52.3% of patients, followed by neurological impairment in 30.5%, and cardiovascular instability in 9.4%. Primary outcome data were available for all patients. Among the study patients, 45.2% experienced at least 1 major adverse peri-intubation event. The predominant event was cardiovascular instability, observed in 42.6% of all patients undergoing emergency intubation, followed by severe hypoxemia (9.3%) and cardiac arrest (3.1%). Overall ICU mortality was 32.8%. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this observational study of intubation practices in critically ill patients from a convenience sample of 197 sites across 29 countries, major adverse peri-intubation events—in particular cardiovascular instability—were observed frequently.
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is still a deadly tumour. Histological and molecular aspects of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) in rats mimic those of human iCCA. Carcinogenic changes ...and therapeutic vulnerabilities in CCA may be captured by molecular investigations in bile, where we performed bile proteomic and metabolomic analyses that help discovery yet unknown pathways relevant to human iCCA.
Cholangiocarcinogenesis was induced in rats (TAA) and mice (Jnk
+ CCl
+ DEN model). We performed proteomic and metabolomic analyses in bile from control and CCA-bearing rats. Differential expression was validated in rat and human CCAs. Mechanisms were addressed in human CCA cells, including Huh28-KRAS
cells. Cell signaling, growth, gene regulation and U-
C-D-glucose-serine fluxomics analyses were performed. In vivo studies were performed in the clinically-relevant iCCA mouse model.
Pathways related to inflammation, oxidative stress and glucose metabolism were identified by proteomic analysis. Oxidative stress and high amounts of the oncogenesis-supporting amino acids serine and glycine were discovered by metabolomic studies. Most relevant hits were confirmed in rat and human CCAs (TCGA). Activation of interleukin-6 (IL6) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathways, and key genes in cancer-related glucose metabolic reprogramming, were validated in TAA-CCAs. In TAA-CCAs, G9a, an epigenetic pro-tumorigenic writer, was also increased. We show that EGFR signaling and mutant KRAS
can both activate IL6 production in CCA cells. Furthermore, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH), the rate-limiting enzyme in serine-glycine pathway, was upregulated in human iCCA correlating with G9a expression. In a G9a activity-dependent manner, KRAS
promoted PHGDH expression, glucose flow towards serine synthesis, and increased CCA cell viability. KRAS
CAA cells were more sensitive to PHGDH and G9a inhibition than controls. In mouse iCCA, G9a pharmacological targeting reduced PHGDH expression.
In CCA, we identified new pro-tumorigenic mechanisms: Activation of EGFR signaling or KRAS mutation drives IL6 expression in tumour cells; Glucose metabolism reprogramming in iCCA includes activation of the serine-glycine pathway; Mutant KRAS drives PHGDH expression in a G9a-dependent manner; PHGDH and G9a emerge as therapeutic targets in iCCA.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), the most severe form of T-cell immunodeficiency, can be screened at birth by quantifying T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) in dried blood spot (DBS) ...samples. Early detection of this condition speeds up the establishment of appropriate treatment and increases the patient's life expectancy. Newborn screening for SCID started in January 2017 in Catalonia, the first Spanish and European region to universally include this testing. The results obtained in the first 2 years of experience are evaluated here. All babies born between January 2017 and December 2018 were screened. TREC quantification in DBS (1.5 mm diameter) was performed with the Enlite Neonatal TREC kit from PerkinElmer (Turku, Finland). In 2018, the retest cutoff in the detection algorithm was updated based on the experience gained in the first year, and changed from 34 to 24 copies/μL. This decreased the retest rate from 3.34 to 1.4% (global retest rate, 2.4%), with a requested second sample rate of 0.23% and a positive detection rate of 0.02%. Lymphocyte phenotype (T, B, NK populations), expression of CD45RA/RO isoforms, percentage and intensity of TCR αβ and TCR γδ, presence of HLA-DR+ T lymphocytes, and
lymphocyte proliferation were studied in all patients by flow cytometry. Of 130,903 newborns screened, 30 tested positive, 15 of which were male. During the study period, one patient was diagnosed with SCID: incidence, 1 in 130,903 births in Catalonia. Thirteen patients had clinically significant T-cell lymphopenia (non-SCID) with an incidence of 1 in 10,069 newborns (43% of positive detections). Nine patients were considered false-positive cases because of an initially normal lymphocyte count with normalization of TRECs between 3 and 6 months of life, four infants had transient lymphopenia due to an initially low lymphocyte count with recovery in the following months, and three patients are still under study. The results obtained provide further evidence of the benefits of including this disease in newborn screening programs. Longer follow-up is needed to define the exact incidence of SCID in Catalonia.
Background
Although mental disorders and suicidal thoughts‐behaviors (suicidal thoughts and behaviors) are common among university students, the majority of students with these problems remain ...untreated. It is unclear what the barriers are to these students seeking treatment.
Aims
The aim of this study is to examine the barriers to future help‐seeking and the associations of clinical characteristics with these barriers in a cross‐national sample of first‐year college students.
Method
As part of the World Mental Health International College Student (WMH‐ICS) initiative, web‐based self‐report surveys were obtained from 13,984 first‐year students in eight countries across the world. Clinical characteristics examined included screens for common mental disorders and reports about suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Multivariate regression models adjusted for socio‐demographic, college‐, and treatment‐related variables were used to examine correlates of help‐seeking intention and barriers to seeking treatment.
Results
Only 24.6% of students reported that they would definitely seek treatment if they had a future emotional problem. The most commonly reported reasons not to seek treatment among students who failed to report that they would definitely seek help were the preference to handle the problem alone (56.4%) and wanting to talk with friends or relatives instead (48.0%). Preference to handle the problem alone and feeling too embarrassed were also associated with significantly reduced odds of having at least some intention to seek help among students who failed to report that they would definitely seek help. Having 12‐month major depression, alcohol use disorder, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors were also associated with significantly reduced reported odds of the latter outcome.
Conclusions
The majority of first‐year college students in the WMH‐ICS surveys report that they would be hesitant to seek help in case of future emotional problems. Attitudinal barriers and not structural barriers were found to be the most important reported reasons for this hesitation. Experimental research is needed to determine whether intention to seek help and, more importantly, actual help‐seeking behavior could be increased with the extent to which intervention strategies need to be tailored to particular student characteristics. Given that the preference to handle problems alone and stigma and appear to be critical, there could be value in determining if internet‐based psychological treatments, which can be accessed privately and are often build as self‐help approaches, would be more acceptable than other types of treatments to student who report hesitation about seeking treatment.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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