With currently known input physics and computer simulations in one dimension, a self-consistent treatment of core-collapse supernovae does not yet lead to successful explosions, while two-dimensional ...models show some promise. Thus, there are strong indications that the delayed neutrino mechanism works combined with a multidimensional convection treatment for unstable layers (possibly with the aid of rotation, magnetic fields and/or still existent uncertainties in neutrino opacities). On the other hand, there is a need to provide correct nucleosynthesis abundances for the progressing field of galactic evolution and observations of low-metallicity stars. The innermost ejecta is directly affected by the explosion mechanism, i.e., most strongly, the yields of Fe group nuclei for which an induced piston or thermal bomb treatment will not provide the correct yields because the effect of neutrino interactions is not included. We apply parameterized variations to the neutrino-scattering cross sections in order to mimic in one dimension the possible increase of neutrino luminosities caused by uncertainties in proto-neutron star convection. Alternatively, parameterized variations are applied to the neutrino absorption cross sections on nucleons in the "gain region" to mimic the increase in neutrino energy deposition enabled by convective turnover. We find that both measures lead to similar results, causing explosions and a Y sub(e) > 0.5 in the innermost ejected layers, due to the combined effect of a short weak-interaction timescale and a negligible electron degeneracy, unveiling the proton-neutron mass difference. We include all weak interactions (electron and positron capture, b-decay, neutrino and antineutrino capture on nuclei, and neutrino and antineutrino capture on nucleons) and present first nucleosynthesis results for these innermost ejected layers to discuss how they improve predictions for Fe group nuclei. The proton-rich environment results in enhanced abundances of super(45)Sc, super(49)Ti, and super(64)Zn as required by chemical evolution studies and observations of low-metallicity stars, as well as appreciable production of nuclei in the mass range up to A = 80.
To describe the epidemiology, incidence, mortality and survival of ocular cancer in Cali between 1962 and 2019.PURPOSETo describe the epidemiology, incidence, mortality and survival of ocular cancer ...in Cali between 1962 and 2019.Ecological population-based study analyzing data of incidence, mortality, and 5-years survival of malignant ocular tumors from the Populational Cancer Registry of Cali between 1962 and 2019.METHODSEcological population-based study analyzing data of incidence, mortality, and 5-years survival of malignant ocular tumors from the Populational Cancer Registry of Cali between 1962 and 2019.Between 1962 and 2019, 586 ocular tumors were found, 50.5% occurred in females, the mean age at diagnosis was 45 years (standard deviation = 25), 70.3% of ocular malignancies occurred in >14 years. The average annual incidence rate was 7.8 per million for male and 6.9 per million for females. Retinoblastoma (21%), squamous cell carcinoma (20%), melanoma (16%) and lymphoma (8%) were the most common neoplasm. In those <15 years, the most frequent malignant tumors were retinoblastomas (85.7%), followed by non-specified malignant neoplasm (NOS, 7.9%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (3.6%). In those >14 years, there were NOS (30%), followed by squamous cell carcinomas (28%), melanomas (23%), and lymphomas (9.7%). Conjunctiva (38.2%), retina (21%) and orbit (10%) constituted the majority of anatomical sites of ocular tumors. The survival rate was about 83.2% and mortality did not show a decreasing trend over time (p > .05).RESULTSBetween 1962 and 2019, 586 ocular tumors were found, 50.5% occurred in females, the mean age at diagnosis was 45 years (standard deviation = 25), 70.3% of ocular malignancies occurred in >14 years. The average annual incidence rate was 7.8 per million for male and 6.9 per million for females. Retinoblastoma (21%), squamous cell carcinoma (20%), melanoma (16%) and lymphoma (8%) were the most common neoplasm. In those <15 years, the most frequent malignant tumors were retinoblastomas (85.7%), followed by non-specified malignant neoplasm (NOS, 7.9%), and rhabdomyosarcoma (3.6%). In those >14 years, there were NOS (30%), followed by squamous cell carcinomas (28%), melanomas (23%), and lymphomas (9.7%). Conjunctiva (38.2%), retina (21%) and orbit (10%) constituted the majority of anatomical sites of ocular tumors. The survival rate was about 83.2% and mortality did not show a decreasing trend over time (p > .05).The incidence of ocular cancer in Cali has a slightly increasing trend, with stable behavior in the last decades. Squamous cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma and lymphoma are the most frequent ocular cancers, with being retinoblastoma more frequent than melanoma. In general, ocular cancer had good survival rates in Cali.CONCLUSIONSThe incidence of ocular cancer in Cali has a slightly increasing trend, with stable behavior in the last decades. Squamous cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma and lymphoma are the most frequent ocular cancers, with being retinoblastoma more frequent than melanoma. In general, ocular cancer had good survival rates in Cali.
Current Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) models can reproduce most visible+IR+UV observations. In the X-ray band, the determination of elemental abundance ratios in supernova remnants (SNRs) through their ...spectra has reached enough precision to constrain SN Ia models. Martínez-Rodríguez et al have shown that the Ca/S mass ratio in SNRs cannot be reproduced with the standard nuclear reaction rates for a wide variety of SN Ia models, and suggested that the 12C+16O reaction rate could be overestimated by a factor as high as ten. We show that the same Ca/S ratio can be obtained by simultaneously varying the rates of the reactions 12C+16O, 12C+12C, 16O+16O, and 16O({\gamma},{\alpha})12C within the reported uncertainties. We also show that the yields of the main products of SN Ia nucleosynthesis do not depend on the details of which rates are modified, but can be parametrized by an observational quantity such as Ca/S. Using this SNR-calibrated approach, we then proceed to compute a new set of SN Ia models and nucleosynthesis for both Chandrasekhar and sub-Chandrasekhar mass progenitors with a one-dimensional hydrodynamics and nucleosynthesis code. We discuss the nucleosynthesis of the models as a function of progenitor metallicity, mass, and deflagration-to-detonation transition density. The yields of each model are almost independent on the reaction rates modified for a common Ca/S ratio.
Introducción: la pérdida de tejido relacionada con procesos cariosos suele ser resuelta con restauraciones, cuyo cuidado depende en gran medida de la higiene oral del paciente. El objetivo del ...presente estudio consistió en evaluar el efecto de la motivación en higiene bucal dirigida a padres o responsables de niños de 5 a 8 años de edad sobre la duración de resinas compuestas a lo largo de 24 meses. Métodos: se planteó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo, en el que participaron 31 niños y sus padres o responsables, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión previamente determinados. Los representantes fueron capacitados en técnicas de higiene bucal, y los dientes afectados por caries de los menores intervenidos fueron restaurados mediante resina compuesta, contando con acceso a dispositivos de aseo dental cada 6 meses durante el periodo del estudio. Se realizaron evaluaciones clínicas cada 6 meses durante el periodo de estudio, evaluando el deterioro de la restauración y la presencia de placa visible y de sangrado gingival. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a análisis estadístico ANOVA y al test t-Student mediante el programa STATA. Resultados: se evidenció una estrecha relación entre los índices de higiene oral (p = 0,2019 para IPV y p= 0,6243 para ISG) y el deterioro de las restauraciones, en especial en aquellas que involucraban caras proximales. En la aplicación de las técnicas de supervivencia, el fracaso es menor en presencia de caries aledañas (42,9%), con valores p de 0,0045 para la superficie ocluso-distal y 0,0291 para la ocluso-mesial. Conclusión: la motivación a padres o responsables de los participantes sobre higiene bucal influyó sobre la durabilidad de las resinas compuestas.
Introduction: tissue loss due to carious processes is usually resolved with restorations, requiring abundant patient collaboration in oral hygiene. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the ...effect of oral hygiene motivational talks addressed to parents or guardians of children aged 5 to 8 years on the duration of composite resins over 24 months. Methods: a prospective descriptive study was conducted in 31 children and their parents or guardians meeting the inclusion criteria. The parents and guardians were trained in oral hygiene techniques, and the participating children's cavitated teeth were restored with composite resin, providing dental cleaning devices every 6 months during the study period. Clinical evaluations were performed every 6 months during the study period, evaluating the deterioration of restorations and the presence of visible plaque (VPI) and gingival bleeding (GBI). The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA statistical analysis and Student t-test through the STATA software. Results: there was a close relationship between oral hygiene indexes (p = 0,2019 for VPI and p = 0,6243 for GBI) and the deterioration of restorations, especially those involving proximal sides. Survival analysis showed that failure is lower in the presence of nearby caries (42.9%), with p values of 0.0045 for the occlusal-distal surface and 0.0291 for the occlusal-mesial one. Conclusion: the oral hygiene motivational talks addressed to parents or guardians of participating children influence the durability of composite resins. Key words: parents, children, motivation, oral hygiene, composite resins Introducción: la pérdida de tejido relacionada con procesos cariosos suele ser resuelta con restauraciones, cuyo cuidado depende en gran medida de la higiene oral del paciente. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en evaluar el efecto de la motivación en higiene bucal dirigida a padres o responsables de niños de 5 a 8 años de edad sobre la duración de resinas compuestas a lo largo de 24 meses. Métodos: se planteó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo, en el que participaron 31 niños y sus padres o responsables, que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión previamente determinados. Los representantes fueron capacitados en técnicas de higiene bucal, y los dientes afectados por caries de los menores intervenidos fueron restaurados mediante resina compuesta, contando con acceso a dispositivos de aseo dental cada 6 meses durante el periodo del estudio. Se realizaron evaluaciones clínicas cada 6 meses durante el periodo de estudio, evaluando el deterioro de la restauración y la presencia de placa visible y de sangrado gingival. Los datos obtenidos fueron sometidos a análisis estadístico ANOVA y al test t-Student mediante el programa STATA. Resultados: se evidenció una estrecha relación entre los índices de higiene oral (p = 0,2019 para IPVy p= 0,6243 para ISG) y el deterioro de las restauraciones, en especial en aquellas que involucraban caras proximales. En la aplicación de las técnicas de supervivencia, el fracaso es menor en presencia de caries aledañas (42,9%), con valores p de 0,0045 para la superficie ocluso-distal y 0,0291 para la ocluso-mesial. Conclusión: la motivación a padres o responsables de los participantes sobre higiene bucal influyó sobre la durabilidad de las resinas compuestas. Palabras clave: padres, niños, motivación, higiene bucal, resinas compuestas
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