The objective of the study was to compare Muscovy and Pekin ducks for proximate analysis, colour attributes, tenderness, meat microstructure, and content of some minerals in meat and liver. The ...material of the study was sexed 51 Muscovy ducks and 47 Pekin ducks. At the end of the rearing period, 40 birds were selected for dissection. Duck genotype influenced the content of water, protein, fat, collagen, zinc, iron, haematin, and redness, chroma, hue angle, WB shear force, muscle fibre diameter and density of the breast muscle, and also protein, fat, magnesium, iron, haematin content, WB shear force and lightness of the leg muscle. The sex of ducks had an impact on the content of water, protein, fat, potassium, copper, on redness, chroma and muscle fibre diameter of breast muscle, and on water, protein, fat, sodium, potassium, magnesium and copper in liver content of the leg muscle. The genotype-sex interaction was significant for water, protein and sodium content, redness, chroma of breast muscles; for water, protein, sodium, magnesium and haematin content, redness and chroma of leg muscles; and for phosphorus content in the liver. Muscovy ducks had more favourable chemical composition and poorer tenderness and microstructural characteristics compared to the meat of Pekin ducks.
Pigeons have been the subject of research in the past, but the knowledge gained is incomplete and must be extended. The aim of the study was to provide information about differences in carcass weight ...and measurements, carcass composition, proximate chemical composition, acidity, electrical conductivity, color attributes, the texture, rheological properties and microstructure of the meat, and some biometric characteristics of the digestive system in carrier and King pigeons, and also to determine if the two compared breeds meet the expectations of pigeon meat consumers to the same extent. The study involved 40 carcasses from carrier pigeons and King pigeons after three reproductive seasons. The chemical composition was determined by near-infrared transmission (NIT) spectroscopy, color coordinates according to CIELab, the texture according to Texture Profile Analysis (TPA) and Warner–Bratzler (WB) tests, and the rheological properties of meat according to the relaxation test. The compared pigeon groups differed significantly (p < 0.05) in carcass weight and measurements, carcass composition (except breast muscle percentage), chemical composition (except leg muscle collagen content) and electrical conductivity, lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), chroma (C*) and hue angle (h*), textural characteristics (except cohesiveness and Warner‒Bratzler shear force), rheological properties, microstructure of the pectoralis major muscle, as well as the total length of intestine and its segments, duodenal diameter, weight of proventriculus, gizzard, liver, heart, and spleen. The sex of the birds had a significant (p < 0.05) effect on the carcass weight, chest circumference, carcass neck percentage, breast muscle collagen content, and caeca length. The genotype by sex interaction was significant (p < 0.05) for fat content, collagen content, hardness, sum of elastic moduli and sum of viscous moduli of the pectoralis major muscle, protein and collagen content of leg muscles, duodenal and caecal length, jejunal and ileal diameter, and spleen weight. The obtained results show a significant effect of genetic origin and sex on the nutritive and technological value of the meat, and on the digestive system development of the pigeons.
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The aim of the work is focused on parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and the effect on the receptivity in young female broiler rabbits. Nulliparous females of broiler hybrid HYCOLE (age 4-5 months, ...weight 3.5-3.8 kg) were used for this experiment. Experiment was conducted twice, in half of November (35 females) and in half of February (36 females). Females were laid individually in cages. Females were fed with granulated feed. Parsley garden (root parsley - 50g / female) was given over three days period (day 1, day 2, day 3). Before and after the experiment we recorded the state of receptivity in females with coloration of vulva. The state of receptivity was determined from 1 for 4 color of vulva. We detected positive state of parsley diet, on the receptivity. In November before the experiment was conducted the average of receptivity was 1.74 and after the experiment it was 2.11. The state of receptivity will be improved in 10 females (28.57 %). The state of receptivity wasn´t changed in 25 females (71.43 %). In February before the experiment was conducted the average of receptivity was 2.13 and after the experiment it was 2.72. The state of receptivity was improved in 18 females (50.00%). The state of receptivity wasn´t changed in 18 females (50.00 %).
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Between breeders, Chinchilla rabbit is very popular as it has standard body shape and high quality of typically coloured fur. The aim of this study was to analyse quality of Chinchilla rabbit fur. ...Coat samples were gathered at the National Animal Exhibition in Nitra. We collected samples from three different body areas – those being scapula, back and thigh. Altogether, we obtained 153 samples of different individual animals. We observed different parameters of the fur. Those were – thickness and length of coat, height and width of the undercolour, ticking and height of the guard hair. We found out that average thickness of coat in the examined population was 0.106 mm in the area of scapula; 0.104 mm in the thigh area and 0.113 mm from the back area. Length of the guard hair from area of scapula was 35.8 mm; 37.9 mm in the thigh area and 36.4 mm in the back area. Height of the undercolour was 26.9 mm in the back area, 26.4 mm in area of scapula and 27.6 mm in the area of thighs. Observed width of intermediate colour was 5.1 mm in thigh area; 4.3 mm in back area and 4.8 mm in scapula area. Measured height of terminal black line of hair was 4.7 mm in area of scapula; 5.3 mm in the back area and 5.3 mm in thigh area. The differences among the evaluated body areas were not significant.
In this experiment the effects of supplementation of the diet for laying hens with different doses of green tea (Camelia sativa) on egg quality were studied. Hens of laying hybrid Lohmann Brown ...(n=30) were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=10) and fed for 16 weeks with diets with green tea powder supplemented. In the control group hens received feed mixture without any additives. The diets in the first and second treatment group were supplemented with 0.5% or 1.0% green tea powder. The egg weight (g), specific egg weight (g/cm3), egg yolk weight (g), egg yolk index, egg yolk color (°HLR), albumen weight (g), egg albumen index and Haugh units (HU) were evaluated. Results showed that the addition of green tea powder slightly decreased egg weight (P>0.05). Supplementation of the feed mixture with the green tea powder statistically significantly affected the albumen index in both groups compared to the control group (P<0.05) (values in the order of the groups: 84.04±16.06, 87.67±14.19*, 89.42±16.10*mean±SD). Addition of a feed mixture with a green tea powder increased Haugh units in both the tests groups, however, significantly affected the Haugh units only in the second treatment group compared to the control group (values in the order of the groups: 79.89±7.26. 81.19±6.49 84.84±11.99* mean±SD). The results suggest that the egg weight, specific egg weight, yolk weight, yolk index, yolk colour and albumen weight were not significantly influenced with green tea addition.
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The aim of this work was to analyse the effect of incubation HPA (lectin Helix pomatia agglutinin) with ID (insemination dose) on reproduction parameters (conception ratio, number of live and dead ...born of pups and birth weight of pups) of rabbits. The experiments were carried out under conditions of 2 rabbit breeds (production breed P and experimental breed E). Fresh ID, in sperm concentrations 25 mil. / 0.5 ml ID, were divided into control ID (without HPA) and experimental ID (with HPA). HPA was added to the experimental ID in concentrations 1µg HPA / 1x106 spermatozoa (30 - 60 minutes of incubation before AI – artificial insemination). Conception ratios obtained from 2 different breeds (P, E) showed minor improvement ( + 2.67 % P; + 7.36 % E) between the monitored groups of females, however without statistically significant differences (P χ2 = 0.03; E χ2 = 0.11). Number of live born pups in litter obtained from breeds P and E showed minor improvement (+ 0.37 pcs P (p>0.05); + 0.95 pcs E (p≤0.05)) compared to the control groups. The weight of live pups among the monitored groups was comparable. It can be concluded from the present study that incubation of ID with lectin HPA had been positively affected by the observed reproductive parameters. The statistically significant difference was found only in the number of live-born pups in the litter. The price of lectin is too high for breeding in common breeding practice.
The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of intravaginal administration of commercial preparation Supergestran (GnRH) as a substitute for its intramuscular administration to induce ovulation of ...inseminated does. GnRH analysis of reproductive performance is divided into experiments focused on fertility parameters (conception ratio, number of live and dead born of pups and birth weight of pups), and monitoring sperm-ovule interaction. The experiments were carried out under conditions of 3 rabbit breeds (experimental breed, production breed 1 and production breed 2). Intravaginal administration of GnRH at a concentration of 0.3 ml of commercially available Supergestran to 0.5 ml of ID (insemination dose) completely replaces intramuscular administration, which is normally used in rabbit breeding at AI (artificial insemination). Experiments on nulliparous females, flushing out of zygotes, showed little improvement in the conception ratio in favor of the group of inseminated females with the treated ID (77.66%) versus the group of females inseminated with control ID (74.55%) (no statistically significant differences). Conception ratios obtained from three different breeds (on farm P1, P2, E) demonstrate only minor differences between the monitored groups of females (without statistically significant differences).
The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of two different preparations against rabbit’s coccidiosis - naturally based preparation Emanox and conventional preparation Sulfacox - on selected ...production indicators. Preparations against coccidiosis were administered in the form of a beverage from weaning (42 days old) until the 60 days old. In the period of 84 days of rabbit’s age average body weight in the Emanox group reached 2673.40 g, while in the Sulfacox group live weight was 2704.73 g. In the Emanox group 4 cases of death was recorded during the fattening, which has occurred within 51 to 66 days of age. In the Sulfacox group only two cases of death were registered at age 53 and 57 days, both caused by rabbit’s constipation. Total feed consumption over the fattening period in the Emanox group was 121.99 kg and the average consumption of the complete feed mixture per 1 kg of body weight gain was 3.52 kg. In the Sulfacox group the total consumption of 122.56 kg of feed during fattening period was recorded and average consumption of complete feed mixture per 1 kg of body weight gain was 3.21 kg. Preparation Emanox PMX is a suitable alternative to conventional chemical preparations.
An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of beta glucan on selected breeding properties of broiler rabbits. The goal was to compare the results in two groups of animals, which ...were administered different beta glucan doses, during a period of time between weaning (day 42 after the birth) and day 84 after the birth. Control group K was administered per oral suspension of Sulfacox, preparation against coccidiosis. Experimental group E1 was served a per oral water suspension of beta glucan powder, in concentration 5 g/L for every 5 kg of body weight. Experimental group E2 was served a per oral water suspension of beta glucan powder, in concentration 10 g/L for every 5 kg of body weight. At day 84 after the birth, control group C average body weight was 2515.75g, compared to 2459.88g in group E1 and 2455.77g in group E2. Two mortalities were noted in control group C between day 49 and 63, compared to two mortalities in group E1 and one mortality in group E2 during the same period of time. In all cases, coccidiosis was the reason for mortalities. In all animals, no statistically significant differences in selected breeding properties were observed.
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